Last Updated: August 8, 2026

Drugs in MeSH Category Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists


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Applicant Tradename Generic Name Dosage NDA Approval Date TE Type RLD RS Patent No. Patent Expiration Product Substance Delist Req. Exclusivity Expiration
Hikma Intl Pharms AMINOPHYLLINE aminophylline TABLET;ORAL 084540-001 Approved Prior to Jan 1, 1982 DISCN No No ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial
Velzen Pharma Pvt THEOPHYLLINE theophylline TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE;ORAL 214950-002 Jan 30, 2023 AB RX No No ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial
Impax Labs AMINOPHYLLINE aminophylline TABLET, DELAYED RELEASE;ORAL 084575-001 Approved Prior to Jan 1, 1982 DISCN No No ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial
King Pharms AMINOPHYLLINE aminophylline INJECTABLE;INJECTION 086606-001 Approved Prior to Jan 1, 1982 DISCN No No ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial
Exela Pharma Science CAFFEINE CITRATE caffeine citrate SOLUTION;INTRAVENOUS 077233-001 Sep 21, 2006 AP RX No No ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial ⤷  Start Trial
>Applicant >Tradename >Generic Name >Dosage >NDA >Approval Date >TE >Type >RLD >RS >Patent No. >Patent Expiration >Product >Substance >Delist Req. >Exclusivity Expiration

Market Dynamics and Patent Landscape for Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists (NLM MeSH Class)

Last updated: May 30, 2026

Executive summary Purinergic P1 receptor antagonists sit at the intersection of adenosine-pathway modulation and oncology, inflammation, and CNS indications. The patent landscape is dominated by (1) chemical matter around adenosine receptor antagonists, (2) formulation and route-of-administration IP (oral solids, parenterals, long-acting injectables, transdermal where applicable), and (3) method-of-use claims that tie blockade of A1/A2A/A2B/A3 to specific diseases and biomarkers. Market dynamics are shaped by the adenosine axis’s centrality in immuno-oncology, but commercial uptake is constrained by efficacy durability, safety tradeoffs (cardiovascular and immunologic), and differentiation risk versus progressing adenosine pathway competitors (A2A agonists/antagonists, CD73, CD39, and downstream immunomodulators).

Because “Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists” is a MeSH class, the relevant patent scope spans multiple active ingredients and sub-classes. Without a drug-by-drug anchor (active ingredient or FDA product), it is not possible to produce a complete, accurate patent estate map, Orange Book status table, or litigation/Paragraph IV timeline for this entire MeSH class in a single response.

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