Drugs in MeSH Category Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists

Applicant	Tradename	Generic Name	Dosage	NDA	Approval Date	TE	Type	RLD	RS	Patent No.	Patent Expiration	Product	Substance	Delist Req.	Exclusivity Expiration
Hikma Intl Pharms	AMINOPHYLLINE	aminophylline	TABLET;ORAL	084540-001	Approved Prior to Jan 1, 1982		DISCN	No	No
Velzen Pharma Pvt	THEOPHYLLINE	theophylline	TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE;ORAL	214950-002	Jan 30, 2023	AB	RX	No	No
Impax Labs	AMINOPHYLLINE	aminophylline	TABLET, DELAYED RELEASE;ORAL	084575-001	Approved Prior to Jan 1, 1982		DISCN	No	No
King Pharms	AMINOPHYLLINE	aminophylline	INJECTABLE;INJECTION	086606-001	Approved Prior to Jan 1, 1982		DISCN	No	No
Exela Pharma Science	CAFFEINE CITRATE	caffeine citrate	SOLUTION;INTRAVENOUS	077233-001	Sep 21, 2006	AP	RX	No	No

Market Dynamics and Patent Landscape for Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists (NLM MeSH Class)

Last updated: May 30, 2026

Executive summary Purinergic P1 receptor antagonists sit at the intersection of adenosine-pathway modulation and oncology, inflammation, and CNS indications. The patent landscape is dominated by (1) chemical matter around adenosine receptor antagonists, (2) formulation and route-of-administration IP (oral solids, parenterals, long-acting injectables, transdermal where applicable), and (3) method-of-use claims that tie blockade of A1/A2A/A2B/A3 to specific diseases and biomarkers. Market dynamics are shaped by the adenosine axis’s centrality in immuno-oncology, but commercial uptake is constrained by efficacy durability, safety tradeoffs (cardiovascular and immunologic), and differentiation risk versus progressing adenosine pathway competitors (A2A agonists/antagonists, CD73, CD39, and downstream immunomodulators).

Because “Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists” is a MeSH class, the relevant patent scope spans multiple active ingredients and sub-classes. Without a drug-by-drug anchor (active ingredient or FDA product), it is not possible to produce a complete, accurate patent estate map, Orange Book status table, or litigation/Paragraph IV timeline for this entire MeSH class in a single response.