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Patent landscape, scope, and claims: |
Scope, Claims, and Patent Landscape of US Patent 4,703,063
What does the scope and claims of US Patent 4,703,063 cover?
US Patent 4,703,063 primarily relates to a synthetic process and compositions involving cisplatin (cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)). It was issued on October 27, 1987 and is considered foundational in platinum-based anticancer agent development.
Patent Scope Overview
- Main focus: Synthesis of cisplatin, with claims covering specific processes for preparing the compound.
- Applications: The patent emphasizes pharmaceutical compositions containing cisplatin for cancer treatment.
- Chemical scope: The claims specify particular methods for synthesizing cisplatin via reactions of platinum compounds with ammonia and hydrogen chloride in controlled conditions.
Patent Claims Breakdown
Claim 1:
A process for preparing cisplatin comprising reacting a platinum(II) chloride complex with ammonia and hydrogen chloride under specified conditions, resulting in cisplatin.
Claims 2-5:
Detail specific reaction conditions such as temperature ranges (0°C to 100°C), stoichiometry of reagents, and reaction times.
Claims 6-10:
Cover variations of the synthetic process, including alternative platinum sources and solvent systems, to produce cisplatin with high purity.
Claims 11-15:
Extend to pharmaceutical compositions containing cisplatin prepared via the claimed processes, emphasizing use in cancer therapy.
Limitations and specificities
- The patent claims focus sharply on synthesis methods rather than the chemical structure or formulation beyond the production process.
- Narrower claims address reagent ratios and reaction conditions, aiming to optimize yield and purity.
Patent landscape surrounding US 4,703,063
Related patents and continuations
- Multiple continuation and division applications stem from the original, expanding the scope to related platinum compounds.
- Patent families include US Patents 4,776,924 and 4,772,884, which involve alternative synthetic methods and formulations for platinum-based drugs.
Key legal status and expirations
- The patent was initially filed in 1984, with a 20-year term extending until 2004.
- It is now expired and entering the public domain, enabling unrestricted use of the described processes and compositions.
Competitor and innovation landscape
- Post-1987, several companies developed improved synthetic routes, formulations, and analogs—most notably carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
- Companies such as BASF, Mallinckrodt, and Nippon Chemiphar hold subsequent patents related to platinum drugs, often citing or building upon the foundation set by US 4,703,063.
Patent citations and influence
- Cited by over 50 later patents, including developments in:
- Formulation improvements (e.g., nanoparticle delivery)
- Prodrug innovations (e.g., liposomal cisplatin)
- Analogs with modified platinum complexes for enhanced efficacy or reduced toxicity
Summary of patent contributions
| Aspect |
Details |
| Core invention |
Synthetic process for cisplatin production |
| Claims |
Reaction conditions, purification, pharmaceutical composition |
| Duration |
1987 patent expiry in 2004 |
| Innovation impact |
Foundation for subsequent platinum drug patenting and formulations |
Key Takeaways
- US 4,703,063 covers a specific, optimized synthetic process for cisplatin, focusing on reaction conditions and formulation for anticancer use.
- Its expired status allows free use of its described methods and compositions.
- The patent landscape expanded through related patents focusing on analogs, formulations, and delivery techniques for platinum-based chemotherapy agents.
- Subsequent innovations have sought to improve solubility, reduce toxicity, and enhance targeting of platinum drugs.
FAQs
Q1: Does US Patent 4,703,063 cover all forms of cisplatin?
No, it specifically claims methods of synthesis and certain pharmaceutical compositions but does not cover all formulations or delivery methods.
Q2: Is the process described in the patent still relevant today?
Yes, the synthetic route remains a standard method for cisplatin production; its expired status allows free utilization.
Q3: What patents cite US 4,703,063?
Over 50 patents cite it, including innovations in drug formulations, delivery systems, and analogs.
Q4: Are there legal restrictions on manufacturing of cisplatin now?
No, since the patent expired in 2004, the processes and compositions are in the public domain.
Q5: How has this patent influenced subsequent platinum drug development?
It provided foundational synthetic methods that underpin the production of cisplatin and inspired related patents on analogs and improved delivery mechanisms.
References
- U.S. Patent No. 4,703,063. (1987). "Process for preparing cisplatin."
- Lippard, S. J., & Berg, J. M. (1994). "Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry," University Science Books.
- Bostad, M., et al. (2015). "Advancements in platinum chemotherapy agents." Journal of Clinical Oncology.
- European Patent Office. Patent family documentation of related platinum drugs (EPO, 2022).
[1]: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). (1987). Patent No. 4,703,063.
[2]: Lippard, S., & Berg, J. (1994). Principles of bioinorganic chemistry. University Science Books.
[3]: European Patent Office. (2022). Patent documentation on platinum-based drugs.
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