Details for Patent: 8,119,163

Title:	Nanoparticulate and controlled release compositions comprising cefditoren
Abstract:	The present invention provides a composition comprising a cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof, for example, cefditoren pivoxil, useful in the treatment and prevention of infections and related conditions. The invention provides a composition which comprises nanoparticulate particles comprising the cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof and at least one surface stabilizer. The nanoparticulate particles have an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm. The invention provides also a composition that delivers a cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof, or nanoparticles comprising the same, in a pulsatile or continuous manner.
Inventor(s):	Devane; John G (Athlone, IE), Stark; Paul (Glasson, IE), Fanning; Niall M. N. (Raheny, IE), Rekhi; Gurvinder Singh (Suwanee, GA), Jenkins; Scott A. (Downingtown, PA), Liversidge; Gary (West Chester, PA)
Assignee:	Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited (Dublin, IE)
Filing Date:	Feb 05, 2007
Application Number:	11/671,276
Claims:	1. A stable nanoparticulate composition comprising: (A) particles comprising cefditoren or salts or prodrugs thereof, said particles having an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm in diameter; (B) at least one surface stabilizers, adsorbed on the surface of said cefditoren particles, and (C) docusate sodium in sufficient amounts to produce a pharmacokinetic profile wherein the administration of the composition to a subject in a fasted state is bioequivalent to the administration of the composition to a subject in the fed state. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said particles are in a crystalline phase, an amorphous phase, a semi-crystalline phase, a semi amorphous phase, or a mixture thereof. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the effective average particle size of said particles is selected from the group consisting of less than about 1900 nm, less than about 1800 nm, less than about 1700 nm, less than about 1600 nm, less than about 1500 nm, less than about 1400 nm, less than about 1300 nm, less than about 1200 nm, less than about 1100 nm, less than about 1000 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 75 nm, and less than about 50 nm in diameter. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated: (A) for administration selected from the group consisting of via injection, oral, vaginal, nasal, rectal, otically, ocular, local, buccal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, or topically; (B) into a dosage form selected from the group consisting of tablets, capsules, sachets, solutions, dispersions, gels, aerosols, ointments, creams, and mixtures thereof; (C) into a dosage form selected from the group consisting of controlled release formulations, fast melt formulations, lyophilized formulations, delayed release formulations, extended release formulations, pulsatile release formulations, and mixed immediate release and controlled release formulations; or (D) any combination of (A), (B), or (C). 5. The composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, or a combination thereof. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein: (A) said cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof is present in said composition in an amount selected from the group consisting of from about 99.5% to about 0.001%, from about 95% to about 0.1%, or from about 90% to about 0.5%, by weight of the total combined dry weight of cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof and surface stabilizer in the composition, not including other excipients; (B) said surface stabilizer or surface stabilizers are present in a total amount of from about 0.5% to about 99.999%, from about 5.0% to about 99.9%, or from about 10% to about 99.5% by weight, based on the total combined dry weight of cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof and surface stabilizer in the composition not including other excipients; or (C) a combination of (A) and (B). 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the surface stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of a non-ionic surface stabilizer, an anionic surface stabilizer, a cationic surface stabilizer, a zwitterionic surface stabilizer, and an ionic surface stabilizer. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the surface stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of cetyl pyridinium chloride, gelatin, casein, phosphatides, dextran, glycerol, gum acacia, cholesterol, tragacanth, stearic acid, benzalkonium chloride, calcium stearate, glycerol monostearate, cetostearyl alcohol, cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, polyoxyethylene stearates, colloidal silicon dioxide, phosphates, sodium dodecylsulfate, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, hydroxypropyl celluloses, hypromellose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hypromellose phthalate, noncrystalline cellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate, triethanolamine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol polymer with ethylene oxide and formaldehyde, poloxamers; poloxamines, a charged phospholipid, dioctylsulfosuccinate, dialkylesters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, alkyl aryl polyether sulfonates, mixtures of sucrose stearate and sucrose distearate, p-isononylphenoxypoly-(glycidol), decanoyl-N-methylglucamide; n-decyl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside; n-decyl .beta.-D-maltopyranoside; n-dodecyl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside; n-dodecyl .beta.-D-maltoside; heptanoyl-N-methylglucamide; n-heptyl-.beta.-D-glucopyranoside; n-heptyl .beta.-D-thioglucoside; n-hexyl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside; nonanoyl-N-methylglucamide; n-noyl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside; octanoyl-N-methylglucamide; n-octyl-.beta.-D-glucopyranoside; octyl-.beta.-D-thioglucopyranoside; lysozyme, PEG-phospholipid, PEG-cholesterol, PEG-cholesterol derivative, PEG-vitamin A, PEG-vitamin E, lysozyme, random copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl pyrrolidone, a cationic polymer, a cationic biopolymer, a cationic polysaccharide, a cationic cellulosic, a cationic alginate, a cationic nonpolymeric compound, a cationic phospholipid, cationic lipids, polymethylmethacrylate trimethylammonium bromide, sulfonium compounds, polyvinylpyrrolidone-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate dimethyl sulfate, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, phosphonium compounds, quarternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-di(2-chloroethyl)ethylammonium bromide, coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride, coconut trimethyl ammonium bromide, coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium bromide, decyl triethyl ammonium chloride, decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride bromide, C.sub.12-15-dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, C.sub.12-15-dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride bromide, coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium bromide, myristyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy).sub.4 ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy).sub.4 ammonium bromide, N-alkyl (C.sub.12-18) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, N-alkyl (C.sub.14-18)dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride, N-tetradecylidmethylbenzyl ammonium chloride monohydrate, dimethyl didecyl ammonium chloride, N-alkyl and (C.sub.12-14) dimethyl 1-napthylmethyl ammonium chloride, trimethylammonium halide, alkyl-trimethylammonium salts, dialkyl-dimethylammonium salts, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, ethoxylated alkyamidoalkyldialkylammonium salt, an ethoxylated trialkyl ammonium salt, dialkylbenzene dialkylammonium chloride, N-didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, N-tetradecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium, chloride monohydrate, N-alkyl(C.sub.12-14) dimethyl 1-naphthylmethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl benzenealkyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, alkylbenzyl methyl ammonium chloride, alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, C.sub.12 trimethyl ammonium bromides, C.sub.15 trimethyl ammonium bromides, C.sub.17 trimethyl ammonium bromides, dodecylbenzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), dimethyl ammonium chlorides, alkyldimethylammonium halogenides, tricetyl methyl ammonium chloride, decyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltriethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, methyl trioctylammonium chloride, POLYQUAT 10.TM., tetrabutylammonium bromide, benzyl trimethylammonium bromide, choline esters, benzalkonium chloride, stearalkonium chloride compounds, cetyl pyridinium bromide, cetyl pyridinium chloride, halide salts of quaternized polyoxyethylalkylamines, MIRAPOL.TM., ALKAQUAT.TM., alkyl pyridinium salts; amines, amine salts, amine oxides, imideazolinium salts, protonated quaternary acrylamides, methylated quaternary polymers, and cationic guar. 9. A composition according to claim 1 wherein, upon administration of said composition to a mammal, the composition produces therapeutic results at a dosage which is less than that of a non-nanoparticulate dosage form of the same cefditoren, a salt, or a prodrug thereof. 10. A composition according to claim 1 which has: (a) a Cmax for the cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof, when assayed in the plasma of a mammalian subject following administration, that is greater than the Cmax for the same cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof administered at the same dose using a non-nanoparticulate formulation; (b) an AUC for the cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof, when assayed in the plasma of a mammalian subject following administration, that is greater than the AUC for the same cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof administered at the same dose using a non-nanoparticulate formulation; (c) a Tmax for the cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof, when assayed in the plasma of a mammalian subject following administration, that is less than the Tmax for the same cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof administered at the same dose using a non-nanoparticulate formulation; or (d) any combination of (a), (b), and (c). 11. The composition of claim 1, additionally comprising one or more active compounds useful for the treatment of infections. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the one or more active compounds is selected from the group consisting of compounds useful in the treatment of a condition selected from the group consisting of headaches, soreness, fever, and combinations thereof. 13. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cefditoren, is cefditoren pivoxil. 14. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said particles contain a reservoir which contains cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof, said reservoir being enclosed by a semi-permeable membrane which allows for water to be imbibed into said particles, thus generating pressure which forces said cefditoren, or a salt, prodrug thereof, out of said particles. 15. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said reservoir comprises also an osmotic agent. 16. A method of preparing the composition of claim 1 comprising contacting particles comprising said cefditoren, or salts or prodrugs or other forms thereof, with at least one surface stabilizer to provide a nanoparticulate composition comprising cefditoren or salts or prodrugs or other forms thereof, having an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm in diameter. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the contacting comprises grinding, wet grinding, homogenization, precipitation, template emulsion, or supercritical fluid particle generation techniques. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the effective average particle size of the nanoparticulate particles is selected from the group consisting of less than about 1900 nm, less than about 1800 nm, less than about 1700 nm, less than about 1600 nm, less than about 1500 nm, less than about 1000 nm, less than about 1400 nm, less than about 1300 nm, less than about 1200 nm, less than about 1100 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 75 nm, and less than about 50 nm in diameter. 19. The method of claim 16 wherein said cefditoren, or salts or prodrugs or other forms thereof is cefditoren pivoxil. 20. A method of treating infections and conditions related thereto comprising administering a composition according to claim 1. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the effective average particle size of the particles is selected from the group consisting of less than about 1900 nm, less than about 1800 nm, less than about 1700 nm, less than about 1600 nm, less than about 1500 nm, less than about 1000 nm, less than about 1400 nm, less than about 1300 nm, less than about 1200 nm, less than about 1100 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 75 nm, and less than about 50 nm in diameter. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein said cefditoren, is cefditoren pivoxil.