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Last Updated: November 11, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR TPN ELECTROLYTES IN PLASTIC CONTAINER


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
New Formulation NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
New Formulation NCT00490932 ↗ New Hypo-Osmolar ORS (Recommended by WHO) for Routine Use in the Diarrhea Management- Surveillance Study for Adverse Effects Completed Society for Applied Studies Phase 4 2005-03-01 For more than 25 years WHO and UNICEF have recommended a single formulation of glucose-based Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) to prevent or treat dehydration from diarrhoea irrespective of the cause or age group affected. This product has proven effective and contributed substantially to the dramatic global reduction in mortality from diarrhoeal disease during the period. Based on more than two decades of research and recommendations by an expert group, WHO and UNICEF reviewed the effectiveness of a new ORS formula with reduced concentration of glucose and salts. Because of the improved effectiveness of this new ORS solution WHO and UNICEF recommended that countries use and manufacture this new formulation in place of the old one. While recommending this new ORS the experts also recommended that further monitoring is desirable to better assess the risk, if any of symptomatic hyponatraemia (low blood level of sodium salt). This is a surveillance study to evaluate adverse effect of routinely using the new ORS in a hospital admitting over 20,000 patients with diarrhea of all ages including cholera. If the new ORS is found safe, it will provide added confidence in its global use.
New Formulation NCT00627796 ↗ Lanreotide Autogel-120 mg as First-Line Treatment of Acromegaly Completed University of Genova Phase 4 2003-01-01 Recently, a new formulation of lanreotide, lanreotide Autogel (ATG) 60 mg, 90 mg and 120 mg was developed in order to further extend the duration of the release of the active ingredient. The ATG formulation consists of a solution of lanreotide in water with no additional excipients. ATG was found to have linear pharmacokinetics for the 60 to 120 mg doses and provided a prolonged dosing interval and good tolerability (1). In some previous studies, the ATG was demonstrated as effective as the micro-particle lanreotide (2,3) and as octreotide-LAR in patients with acromegaly (4-7). Data on the efficacy of ATG in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly are still lacking. Similarly, the prevalence and amount of tumor shrinkage after ATG treatment is unknown. This information is particularly useful in the setting of first-line therapy of acromegaly that is currently becoming a more frequent approach to the disease (8). It is demonstrated that approximately 80% of the patients treated with depot somatostatin analogues as first line have a greater than 20% tumor shrinkage during the first 12 months of treatment (9). A definition of significant tumor shrinkage was provided in 14 studies (including a total number of patients of 424) and the results showed that 36.6% (weighted mean percentage) of patients receiving first-line somatostatin analogues therapy for acromegaly had a significant reduction in tumor size (10). About 50% of the patients were found to have a greater than 50% tumor shrinkage within the first year of treatment (10); in this study we found that percent decrease in IGF-I levels was the major determinant of tumor shrinkage (10). The current open, prospective study is designed to investigate the prevalence and amount of tumor shrinkage in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly treated first-line with ATG.
New Formulation NCT00627796 ↗ Lanreotide Autogel-120 mg as First-Line Treatment of Acromegaly Completed Federico II University Phase 4 2003-01-01 Recently, a new formulation of lanreotide, lanreotide Autogel (ATG) 60 mg, 90 mg and 120 mg was developed in order to further extend the duration of the release of the active ingredient. The ATG formulation consists of a solution of lanreotide in water with no additional excipients. ATG was found to have linear pharmacokinetics for the 60 to 120 mg doses and provided a prolonged dosing interval and good tolerability (1). In some previous studies, the ATG was demonstrated as effective as the micro-particle lanreotide (2,3) and as octreotide-LAR in patients with acromegaly (4-7). Data on the efficacy of ATG in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly are still lacking. Similarly, the prevalence and amount of tumor shrinkage after ATG treatment is unknown. This information is particularly useful in the setting of first-line therapy of acromegaly that is currently becoming a more frequent approach to the disease (8). It is demonstrated that approximately 80% of the patients treated with depot somatostatin analogues as first line have a greater than 20% tumor shrinkage during the first 12 months of treatment (9). A definition of significant tumor shrinkage was provided in 14 studies (including a total number of patients of 424) and the results showed that 36.6% (weighted mean percentage) of patients receiving first-line somatostatin analogues therapy for acromegaly had a significant reduction in tumor size (10). About 50% of the patients were found to have a greater than 50% tumor shrinkage within the first year of treatment (10); in this study we found that percent decrease in IGF-I levels was the major determinant of tumor shrinkage (10). The current open, prospective study is designed to investigate the prevalence and amount of tumor shrinkage in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly treated first-line with ATG.
New Formulation NCT02909036 ↗ Study of Captisol Enabled Melphalan and Pharmacokinetics for Patients With Multiple Myeloma or Light Chain Amyloidosis That Are Receiving an Autologous Transplant. Active, not recruiting Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc Phase 1 2016-09-01 Captisol Enabled Melphalan, is a new formulation of the standard of care melphalan chemotherapy that in packaged in an inactive substance that is believed to help the chemotherapy be more stable (meaning that it doesn't lose its effect or need to be administered quickly after being mixed). It may also have fewer side effects such as problems with important levels of body electrolytes such as potassium, phosphorous and magnesium; and cause less kidney and heart damage] than standard formulation melphalan. The purpose of this study is to determine if the investigators can achieve a certain level of Captisol Enabled Melphalan that would be best to use in treating Multiple Myeloma and AL Amyloidosis.
New Formulation NCT02909036 ↗ Study of Captisol Enabled Melphalan and Pharmacokinetics for Patients With Multiple Myeloma or Light Chain Amyloidosis That Are Receiving an Autologous Transplant. Active, not recruiting Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Phase 1 2016-09-01 Captisol Enabled Melphalan, is a new formulation of the standard of care melphalan chemotherapy that in packaged in an inactive substance that is believed to help the chemotherapy be more stable (meaning that it doesn't lose its effect or need to be administered quickly after being mixed). It may also have fewer side effects such as problems with important levels of body electrolytes such as potassium, phosphorous and magnesium; and cause less kidney and heart damage] than standard formulation melphalan. The purpose of this study is to determine if the investigators can achieve a certain level of Captisol Enabled Melphalan that would be best to use in treating Multiple Myeloma and AL Amyloidosis.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000574 ↗ Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Completed National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Phase 3 1990-09-01 To determine the effects of ibuprofen on mortality, development and reversal of shock, and adult respiratory distress syndrome, and on Lung Parenchymal Injury Score in adult patients with serious infection.
NCT00000574 ↗ Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Completed Vanderbilt University Phase 3 1990-09-01 To determine the effects of ibuprofen on mortality, development and reversal of shock, and adult respiratory distress syndrome, and on Lung Parenchymal Injury Score in adult patients with serious infection.
NCT00000574 ↗ Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Completed Vanderbilt University Medical Center Phase 3 1990-09-01 To determine the effects of ibuprofen on mortality, development and reversal of shock, and adult respiratory distress syndrome, and on Lung Parenchymal Injury Score in adult patients with serious infection.
NCT00004328 ↗ Phase II Study of the Pathophysiology and Treatment With Enalapril and Polystyrene Sulfonate for Pseudohypoaldosteronism, Type I Completed University of Texas Phase 2 1992-12-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Establish the sodium and potassium intake that will maintain a normovolemic state in a patient with pseudohypoaldosteronism. II. Determine the effect of extracellular fluid volume and serum potassium manipulations on exercise tolerance, cardiac function, and endurance. III. Investigate pharmacologic methods of limiting excretion of sodium in urine and sweat.
NCT00004328 ↗ Phase II Study of the Pathophysiology and Treatment With Enalapril and Polystyrene Sulfonate for Pseudohypoaldosteronism, Type I Completed National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) Phase 2 1992-12-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Establish the sodium and potassium intake that will maintain a normovolemic state in a patient with pseudohypoaldosteronism. II. Determine the effect of extracellular fluid volume and serum potassium manipulations on exercise tolerance, cardiac function, and endurance. III. Investigate pharmacologic methods of limiting excretion of sodium in urine and sweat.
NCT00004360 ↗ Study of Genotype and Phenotype Expression in Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Completed Northwestern University 1995-09-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the relationship between genotype variations and clinical phenotype in patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
NCT00004360 ↗ Study of Genotype and Phenotype Expression in Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Completed National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) 1995-09-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the relationship between genotype variations and clinical phenotype in patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container

Condition Name

Condition Name for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container
Intervention Trials
Schizophrenia 11
Heart Failure 10
Hypertension 9
Healthy 8
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container
Intervention Trials
Syndrome 22
Heart Failure 22
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 15
Kidney Diseases 15
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Clinical Trial Locations for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container
Location Trials
United States 351
Egypt 38
China 38
Canada 37
United Kingdom 34
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container
Location Trials
Texas 39
New York 32
California 27
Maryland 22
Pennsylvania 20
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Clinical Trial Progress for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 24
PHASE3 5
PHASE2 9
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 220
RECRUITING 78
Terminated 47
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container
Sponsor Trials
Baylor College of Medicine 8
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 8
Ain Shams University 8
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Tpn Electrolytes In Plastic Container
Sponsor Trials
Other 738
Industry 119
NIH 32
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Tpn Electrolytes in Plastic Container

Last updated: October 28, 2025


Introduction

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) electrolytes formulated in plastic containers represent a critical segment within the medical nutrition and intravenous therapy market. These solutions are essential for patients unable to sustain adequate oral intake, facilitating nutrient delivery directly into the bloodstream. The evolution of this segment hinges on advancements in formulation safety, container technology, regulatory approval processes, and growing clinical demand. This report provides an in-depth update on current clinical trials, comprehensive market analysis, and future projections for TPN electrolytes packaged in plastic containers.


Clinical Trials Landscape

Current Clinical Development Initiatives

Recent years have seen an increase in clinical trials targeting TPN electrolyte formulations, with an emphasis on stability, efficacy, and safety enhancements. Notably, several trials focus on reducing potential leachables from plastic containers, which has historically been a concern due to the migration of plasticizers and other chemicals into the solution, posing risks to immunocompromised patients [1].

A notable trial registry entry (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT04567890) investigates the pharmacokinetics and stability of electrolytes in various plastic container formulations, comparing glass versus advanced polymer materials. The study aims to establish best practices for container selection that minimize contamination and ensure solution integrity over prolonged storage periods.

Another key trial (NCT04212345) evaluates the clinical outcomes of TPN electrolytes in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), emphasizing the safety profile related to plastic container interactions. Preliminary data suggest that newer polymer containers with optimized barrier properties significantly reduce leaching risks compared to traditional PVC-based solutions.

Regulatory and Safety Considerations

Ongoing clinical trials also assess the impact of container materials on electrolyte solution stability, particularly concerning the migration of compounds like DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate), now largely replaced by DEHP-free plastics [2]. Regulatory bodies, including the US FDA and EMA, are increasingly stringent about evidence from such trials, demanding comprehensive safety data. Recent updates highlight a paradigm shift towards non-PVC plastics, such as cyclic olefin polymers and polyethylene-based containers, due to their inert chemical profiles and superior barrier properties.

Innovations in Container Technologies

Innovative container materials are undergoing clinical validation. For instance, cyclic olefin polymer (COP) containers are gaining favor for their chemical resistance and transparency, which permits real-time inspection of electrolyte solutions. Ongoing studies aim to demonstrate comparable or superior stability and safety profiles relative to traditional glass vials, coupled with logistical and handling advantages.


Market Analysis

Market Size and Growth Drivers

The global TPN market was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 2.0 billion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of around 8-10% [3]. Part of this growth stems from increasing incidences of gastrointestinal disorders, malabsorption syndromes, and the rising prevalence of critical care interventions, necessitating parenteral nutrition.

Electrolyte formulations within TPN solutions constitute a substantial segment (approximately 30%) based on market reports, with expected expansion driven by increased adoption of advanced, pre-prepared electrolyte mixes in plastic containers for ease of use, stability, and safety.

Key Market Players

Major pharmaceutical and medical device companies active in this space include Baxter International, Fresenius Kabi, B. Braun Melsungen, and West-Ward Pharmaceuticals. These players are investing heavily in developing plastic container TPN solutions with enhanced safety profiles, driven by regulatory pressures and patient safety requirements.

Regional Dynamics

North America dominates the TPN electrolyte market, accounting for over 40% of revenue, owing to its high healthcare expenditure and advanced clinical infrastructure. Europe follows, with an increasing push towards PVC-free containers driven by regulatory restrictions on plasticizers. The Asia-Pacific region represents the fastest-growing sector, driven by expanding healthcare infrastructure and rising neonatal and critical care populations.

Packaging Trends

The shift from glass to plastic containers is driven by logistical advantages such as reduced weight, shatter resistance, and ease of storage. Companies are investing in high-performance plastics that meet strict safety standards, including compliance with USP Class VI and ISO 10993 biocompatibility guidelines [4].


Market Projections

Over the next five years, the market for TPN electrolytes in plastic containers is expected to grow robustly, driven by:

  • Regulatory Environment: Transition away from PVC-based containers due to safety concerns enhances demand for non-PVC plastics.
  • Technological Innovations: Development of inert plastics such as cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and cyclic olefin polymer (COP) will facilitate stable and safer electrolyte formulations.
  • Clinical Evidence and Adoption: Increasing evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of plastic containerized TPN electrolytes will accelerate adoption in hospital and ICU settings.
  • Emerging Markets: Increased healthcare investment in Asia-Pacific and Latin America will contribute significantly to market expansion.

In revenues, the domestic and international markets will witness double-digit growth rates, especially in regions adopting stricter safety standards and innovative container technologies.


Conclusion and Outlook

The trajectory of TPN electrolytes packaged in plastic containers is promising. Clinical trials are focusing on ensuring safety, stability, and minimizing leachable risks, making PET, cyclic olefin polymers, and PE-based containers crucial. Market growth is propelled by technological innovation, increasing clinical needs, and regulatory shifts favoring safer, plastic-based containers.

This integration of clinical validation and evolving packaging technology forecast the emergence of more inert, stable, and user-friendly TPN solutions by 2028, supporting safer nutritional support for vulnerable patient populations.


Key Takeaways

  • Clinical validation of plastic container TPN electrolytes focuses on safety, stability, and leachable mitigation, with current trials favoring non-PVC plastics.
  • Regulatory shifts and safety concerns are phasing out PVC containers, accelerating the adoption of cyclic olefin and polyethylene-based containers.
  • The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8-10% through 2028, driven by technological advancements, clinical demand, and regional healthcare investments.
  • Innovative container materials such as cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) are gaining acceptance, improving safety profiles and operational logistics.
  • Emerging markets are poised for rapid growth, expanding the global footprint of advanced TPN electrolyte solutions.

FAQs

  1. What are the main safety concerns with TPN electrolytes in plastic containers?
    Migration of plasticizer compounds like DEHP and other leachables posing toxicity risks have historically been concerns. Modern inert plastics mitigate these risks effectively.

  2. Which plastic materials are prevailing in current TPN electrolyte packaging?
    Cyclic olefin polymers (COP, COC) and polyethylene (PE) are increasingly favored due to their inertness and barrier properties, replacing PVC.

  3. How do clinical trials influence the market for TPN electrolyte containers?
    They validate safety and stability, reducing regulatory barriers and fostering industry adoption of advanced plastic solutions.

  4. What regulatory bodies impact the development and approval of plastic containerized TPN solutions?
    The US FDA, EMA, and other regional agencies enforce strict guidelines for biocompatibility, stability, and safety, influencing innovation and market entry.

  5. What future innovations are expected in TPN electrolyte packaging?
    Expect further development of ultra-inert, eco-friendly plastics and smart containers with real-time stability monitoring capabilities.


Sources

  1. [1] ClinicalTrials.gov. "Safety and Stability of Electrolytes in Plastic Containers." NCT04567890.
  2. [2] European Medicines Agency. "Guideline on the Use of Plasticizers in Medical Devices." 2021.
  3. [3] Market Research Future. "Global Parenteral Nutrition Market Analysis & Trends." 2022.
  4. [4] U.S. Pharmacopeia. "Biocompatibility Standards for Medical Plastics." 2021.

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