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Last Updated: March 25, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR RANITIDINE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for Ranitidine

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
OTC NCT00443963 ↗ Total Antioxidant Effects of Esomeprazole in Dyspeptic Patients Receiving Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Withdrawn AstraZeneca Phase 4 2006-12-01 The principal investigator hypothesizes that participants receiving NSAID drugs with dyspeptic symptoms have increased production of gastric levels of free radicals. The primary objective of the study is to determine if Esomeprazole Magnesium increases gastric total antioxidant capacity and decreases gastric free radical production in humans. Participants (age 18 years and older) with no history of upper GI bleeding who are receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and then develop dyspepsia will be recruited from our primary care clinic in Washington, DC. All eligible participants will undergo biopsies of antrum and corpus. The participants will be randomized to receive either Zantac OTC or Nexium for 15 days. On day 15, all participants will undergo repeat upper endoscopy to obtain biopsies of antrum and corpus. Tissue samples will then be extracted to determine total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxide levels (as an indirect marker of free radical production).
OTC NCT00443963 ↗ Total Antioxidant Effects of Esomeprazole in Dyspeptic Patients Receiving Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Withdrawn Medstar Health Research Institute Phase 4 2006-12-01 The principal investigator hypothesizes that participants receiving NSAID drugs with dyspeptic symptoms have increased production of gastric levels of free radicals. The primary objective of the study is to determine if Esomeprazole Magnesium increases gastric total antioxidant capacity and decreases gastric free radical production in humans. Participants (age 18 years and older) with no history of upper GI bleeding who are receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and then develop dyspepsia will be recruited from our primary care clinic in Washington, DC. All eligible participants will undergo biopsies of antrum and corpus. The participants will be randomized to receive either Zantac OTC or Nexium for 15 days. On day 15, all participants will undergo repeat upper endoscopy to obtain biopsies of antrum and corpus. Tissue samples will then be extracted to determine total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxide levels (as an indirect marker of free radical production).
OTC NCT03145012 ↗ Histamine Receptor 2 Antagonists as Enhancers of Anti-Tumour Immunity Unknown status Dalhousie University Phase 4 2018-05-01 The immune response against tumors can be highly effective in preventing tumor development, growth and metastasis under certain circumstances. However, tumor associated immune suppression can profoundly limit the impact of natural tumor immunity and also reduce the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy strategies. A major component of tumor associated immune suppression is mediated by myeloid cells, especially the monocytic subset of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In recent studies that were conducted through a CCSRI Innovation grant, the investigators discovered that oral treatment of mice with the commonly used histamine receptor 2 (H2) antagonists ranitidine or famotidine inhibits both primary breast tumor development and metastasis, in three distinct mouse tumor models and reduces the numbers of monocytic MDSC. These findings have enormous potential to aid in effective cancer immunotherapy and may have immediate implications for cancer patients. The objective of this investigation is to determine whether treatment with the H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine alters immune suppression, through modulation of immune cell populations. The investigators will examine peripheral blood monocyte, neutrophil and NK cell numbers, subsets and activation status from healthy volunteers treated for 6 weeks with daily oral ranitidine. Ranitidine is widely available and used over the counter in Canada. These drugs are widely recognized as safe, well tolerated and have very few side effects. It has been suggested that among the general population, over 10% of those over the age of 65 take such medications on a regular basis for relief against gastrointestinal discomfort. The outcome of pre-clinical studies in mice warrant further investigation into transferability to humans. If the outcome of the current proposal proves to be viable, then these drugs could provide a safe method to reduce tumor associated immunosuppression with broad implications, both for current cancer patients and for those at high risk of developing cancer. Further to this, the outcome of our proposal may provide a new strategy for improving the effectiveness of T-cell mediated immunotherapy.
OTC NCT03145012 ↗ Histamine Receptor 2 Antagonists as Enhancers of Anti-Tumour Immunity Unknown status Nova Scotia Health Authority Phase 4 2018-05-01 The immune response against tumors can be highly effective in preventing tumor development, growth and metastasis under certain circumstances. However, tumor associated immune suppression can profoundly limit the impact of natural tumor immunity and also reduce the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy strategies. A major component of tumor associated immune suppression is mediated by myeloid cells, especially the monocytic subset of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In recent studies that were conducted through a CCSRI Innovation grant, the investigators discovered that oral treatment of mice with the commonly used histamine receptor 2 (H2) antagonists ranitidine or famotidine inhibits both primary breast tumor development and metastasis, in three distinct mouse tumor models and reduces the numbers of monocytic MDSC. These findings have enormous potential to aid in effective cancer immunotherapy and may have immediate implications for cancer patients. The objective of this investigation is to determine whether treatment with the H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine alters immune suppression, through modulation of immune cell populations. The investigators will examine peripheral blood monocyte, neutrophil and NK cell numbers, subsets and activation status from healthy volunteers treated for 6 weeks with daily oral ranitidine. Ranitidine is widely available and used over the counter in Canada. These drugs are widely recognized as safe, well tolerated and have very few side effects. It has been suggested that among the general population, over 10% of those over the age of 65 take such medications on a regular basis for relief against gastrointestinal discomfort. The outcome of pre-clinical studies in mice warrant further investigation into transferability to humans. If the outcome of the current proposal proves to be viable, then these drugs could provide a safe method to reduce tumor associated immunosuppression with broad implications, both for current cancer patients and for those at high risk of developing cancer. Further to this, the outcome of our proposal may provide a new strategy for improving the effectiveness of T-cell mediated immunotherapy.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for Ranitidine

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000964 ↗ The Effect of Stomach Acid on Foscarnet Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 1 1969-12-31 To see if ranitidine, by reducing stomach acidity, can enhance the effectiveness of foscarnet, by making foscarnet more available to the body. Foscarnet is an antiviral compound. Laboratory studies have shown it to be active against HIV. However, only 12 - 22 percent of an oral foscarnet dose is absorbed by the body. Ranitidine suppresses gastric acid output, increasing gastric pH. Thus by increasing gastric pH (decreasing stomach acidity), less foscarnet is expected to be decomposed or broken down in the stomach. Thus, more foscarnet should be absorbed into the body.
NCT00002106 ↗ A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Design, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Ranitidine on Immunologic Indicators in Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infected Subjects With a CD4 Cell Count Between 400-700 Cells/mm3 Completed Glaxo Wellcome Phase 2 1969-12-31 To evaluate the effect of ranitidine on immunologic indicators in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients with CD4 counts of 400-700 cells/mm3.
NCT00030992 ↗ BMS 247550 to Treat Kidney Cancer Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 2002-02-01 This study will examine whether the experimental drug BMS 247550 (Ixabepilone) is an effective treatment for kidney cancer. BMS 247550 belongs to a class of drugs called epothilones that interfere with the ability of cancer cells to divide. In the way they kill cells, they are very similar to a class of compounds known as the taxanes, which include the drug Taxol. Other characteristics of the epothilones, however, enable them to work in cells that are resistant to Taxol. Patients 18 years of age or older with kidney cancer that has not spread to the central nervous system (unless the brain tumor has remained stable for at least six months after surgical or radiation treatment) may be eligible for this study. Pregnant or nursing women may not participate. Candidates are screened with various tests that may include blood and urine tests, electrocardiogram (EKG), and chest x-ray. Computerized tomography (CT) scans or X-rays, and possibly nuclear medicine studies may be done to determine the extent of disease. Participants receive BMS 247550 by a 1-hour infusion into a vein for 5 consecutive days (days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of each 21-day treatment cycle. Patients must stay in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) area near Bethesda, Maryland, for 7 to 8 days during the first treatment cycle and for the 5 days of treatment in subsequent cycles. The total number of cycles will vary among patients, depending on their individual clinical situation. The drug dose may be increased gradually in subsequent cycles in patients who can tolerate such increases. In addition, participants undergo the following tests and procedures: - Periodic physical examinations and frequent blood tests - X-ray and other imaging studies to determine if the tumor is responding to the treatment. - Tumor biopsies to confirm the diagnosis or spread of tumor and to examine the reaction of certain proteins in cancer cells to BMS 247550. Two biopsies will be done. For this procedure, a small piece of tumor tissue is withdrawn through a needle under local anesthetic. Treatment will be stopped in patients whose tumor grows while receiving BMS 247550. Patients whose tumor disappears completely will be followed at NIH periodically for examinations and tests. Patients whose disease does not completely resolve or whose disease recurs may be advised of other appropriate research protocols at NIH or, if none are available, will be returned to the care of their local doctor.
NCT00037570 ↗ Study Evaluating Pantoprazole in Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage Completed Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Phase 2 2000-11-01 This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-ranging, comparator-controlled study of the effect of pantoprazole on intragastric pH after successful endoscopic hemostasis in hospitalized patients. Patients will receive either intravenous pantoprazole (one of two regimens) or ranitidine (the comparator) within 2 hours of successful hemostasis and administration will continue for 72 hours after hemostasis.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for Ranitidine

Condition Name

Condition Name for Ranitidine
Intervention Trials
Healthy 7
Postoperative Pain 6
Dyspepsia 4
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 3
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Ranitidine
Intervention Trials
Ulcer 8
Hypotension 8
Pain, Postoperative 8
Gastroesophageal Reflux 7
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Clinical Trial Locations for Ranitidine

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Ranitidine
Location Trials
United States 87
Egypt 23
China 19
Korea, Republic of 12
Italy 8
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Ranitidine
Location Trials
California 13
Texas 10
Florida 6
Ohio 4
Illinois 4
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Clinical Trial Progress for Ranitidine

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Ranitidine
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 39
Phase 3 19
Phase 2/Phase 3 2
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Ranitidine
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 88
Unknown status 18
Terminated 10
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for Ranitidine

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Ranitidine
Sponsor Trials
AstraZeneca 6
Kasr El Aini Hospital 5
Mansoura University 5
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Ranitidine
Sponsor Trials
Other 129
Industry 46
NIH 6
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Ranitidine: Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections

Introduction to Ranitidine

Ranitidine, commonly known by the brand name Zantac, is a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist used to reduce stomach acid production. It is widely prescribed for conditions such as intestinal and stomach ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophagitis, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Clinical Trials and Safety Concerns

Cancer Risk Assessment

A recent cohort study involving over 1.1 million individuals from 11 large databases across Europe, North America, and Asia found that the use of ranitidine did not significantly increase the risk of cancer compared to other H2 receptor antagonists. The study concluded that the incidence of cancer among ranitidine users was similar to that of users of other H2RAs, such as famotidine, lafutidine, and roxatidine[1].

NDMA Impurities

However, ranitidine has faced significant scrutiny due to the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a known carcinogen. This led to the suspension of ranitidine-containing medicinal products in the EU. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has maintained that the formation of NDMA in the body from ranitidine is expected to be very low following a single low dose given by injection or infusion, but ongoing monitoring and data collection are required[4].

Market Analysis

Market Size and Growth

The global ranitidine market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.60% from 2021 to 2028, reaching an estimated value of USD 502.4 million by 2028. This growth is driven by increasing cases of acidity and heartburn, changing food habits, and rising disposable incomes in emerging economies[3].

Market Segmentation

The ranitidine market is segmented based on several factors:

  • Indication: Intestinal and stomach ulcers, GERD, esophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and others.
  • Population Type: Children and adults.
  • Dosage Form: Solid oral, liquid, and parenteral.
  • Dosage Strength: Oral and parenteral strengths.
  • Mode of Purchase: Over-the-counter and prescription.
  • End User: Hospitals, specialty clinics, and others.
  • Distribution Channel: Hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, online pharmacies, and others[3].

Key Players

The market is dominated by several key players, including:

  • Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
  • Granules India Limited
  • GlaxoSmithKline plc
  • Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH
  • Strides Pharma Science Limited
  • Merck KGaA
  • Tocris Bioscience (R & D Systems)[2][3].

Market Trends and Drivers

Increasing Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Disorders

The rise in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other gastrointestinal disorders is a significant driver for the ranitidine market. Changing dietary habits and increased consumption of foods and drinks that trigger acid reflux are contributing factors[3].

Growing Demand in Emerging Economies

The increasing disposable income in emerging economies has led to higher demand for prescription medications, including ranitidine. This trend is expected to continue, driving market growth in regions such as Asia-Pacific and Latin America[3].

Challenges and Restraints

Presence of NDMA Impurities

The presence of NDMA impurities in ranitidine has led to regulatory actions, including the suspension of ranitidine-containing products in the EU. This has impacted market availability and consumer confidence[4].

Alternative Treatments

The availability of alternative treatments, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), poses a competitive challenge to the ranitidine market. These alternatives may offer similar or better efficacy with fewer side effects, potentially reducing the demand for ranitidine[3].

Regional Analysis

The ranitidine market is analyzed across various regions, including North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa. The Asia-Pacific region is expected to show significant growth due to the large population and increasing healthcare expenditure[3].

Future Projections

Market Forecast

The global ranitidine market is forecasted to continue growing, albeit at a moderate pace, driven by the increasing prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders and the need for effective acid-reducing medications. However, the market will need to navigate the challenges posed by regulatory scrutiny and the presence of alternative treatments[3].

Technological and Regulatory Developments

Ongoing research and development are crucial for addressing the safety concerns associated with ranitidine. Companies must provide more data on the possible formation of NDMA from ranitidine inside the body to meet regulatory requirements. Technological advancements in drug formulation and delivery systems could also enhance the safety and efficacy of ranitidine[4].

"Further research is needed on the long-term association of ranitidine with cancer development," highlighting the ongoing need for comprehensive studies to fully understand the safety profile of ranitidine[1].

Key Takeaways

  • No Increased Cancer Risk: Ranitidine use is not associated with an increased risk of cancer compared to other H2 receptor antagonists.
  • NDMA Concerns: The presence of NDMA impurities has led to regulatory actions and market suspensions.
  • Market Growth: The global ranitidine market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.60% from 2021 to 2028.
  • Segmentation: The market is segmented by indication, population type, dosage form, and distribution channel.
  • Key Players: Major pharmaceutical companies dominate the market, including GlaxoSmithKline and Merck KGaA.
  • Regional Growth: The Asia-Pacific region is expected to show significant growth due to increasing healthcare expenditure.

FAQs

What is the primary use of ranitidine?

Ranitidine is primarily used to reduce stomach acid production and is prescribed for conditions such as intestinal and stomach ulcers, GERD, esophagitis, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Is ranitidine associated with an increased risk of cancer?

No, recent studies have found that ranitidine use is not associated with an increased risk of cancer compared to other H2 receptor antagonists[1].

Why was ranitidine suspended in the EU?

Ranitidine was suspended in the EU due to the presence of NDMA impurities, a known carcinogen. However, the EMA has slightly amended the conditions for lifting the suspension for certain formulations[4].

What are the key drivers of the ranitidine market?

The key drivers include the increasing prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, changing dietary habits, and rising disposable incomes in emerging economies[3].

Who are the major players in the ranitidine market?

Major players include Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Granules India Limited, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, and Merck KGaA[2][3].

What is the projected growth rate of the global ranitidine market?

The global ranitidine market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.60% from 2021 to 2028[3].

Sources

  1. Ranitidine Use and Incident Cancer in a Multinational Cohort. JAMA Network Open, 2023.
  2. Ranitidine Market Dynamics 2024-2034: Shaping the Landscape. OpenPR, 2024.
  3. Global Ranitidine Market – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2028. Data Bridge Market Research.
  4. Ranitidine-containing medicinal products - referral. European Medicines Agency, 2023.

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