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Last Updated: January 16, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE


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All Clinical Trials for Procaine Hydrochloride

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00189384 ↗ Efficacy Study of Community-Based Treatment of Serious Bacterial Infections in Young Infants Unknown status Aga Khan University Phase 3 2003-11-01 Approximately one-third of neonatal deaths in developing countries are due to infections acquired through the birth canal and/or exposure to an unclean environment soon after birth. Current World Health Organization recommendations for the management of infants younger than 2 months of age who have serious bacterial infections involve hospitalization and parenteral therapy for at least 10 days with antibiotic regimens containing penicillin or ampicillin combined with an aminoglycoside.However, in many settings throughout the developing world, this is not currently possible, nor is this standard of care likely to be feasible in the near future. Several studies have reported that for a variety of sociocultural reasons many families are unable or unwilling to access hospital-based care and their sick young infants do not get hospitalized, and instead, receive a variety of home-based antibiotic therapies, or none at all. In our community field sites, approximately 70% of families refuse hospital referral for a sick newborn, despite provision of transport. Thus, there is an urgent need to define the role of community/first-level facility-based care versus hospitalization for the management of young infants with serious bacterial infections, and the potential for community-based parenteral antibiotics as an alternative strategy in resource poor areas with high neonatal mortality rates. Bang and colleagues have demonstrated significant reductions in neonatal mortality from infections in an underdeveloped rural district in Maharashtra, India by a field-based case management approach which used oral cotrimoxazole and intramuscular gentamicin given for 7 days as treatment for neonates with sepsis. This study is an equivalence randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing once daily IM ceftriaxone injection to once daily IM procaine penicillin and gentamicin injection, to once daily intramuscular gentamicin injection and twice daily oral cotrimoxazole, given for 7 days in babies with clinically-diagnosed possible serious bacterial infection (pneumonia, or sepsis with or without local infections such as skin or umbilical infections) whose families refused referral to a hospital. After supplementary informed consent, patients meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria are randomly allocated to one of the three regimens being tested. The study hypothesis is that all 3 regimens will perform equally well in the treatment of sepsis in a first-level facility setting.
NCT00299338 ↗ A Dose Response and Safety Study of Procaine HCl in HIV-Infected Patients Completed Samaritan Pharmaceuticals, Inc Phase 1/Phase 2 1997-09-01 This a Phase I/II non-randomized, open-label clinical study of 8 weeks duration using SP01A in HIV positive patients on a stable antiretroviral regimen. Dose response and safety associated with oral administration of four doses (200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg daily) of SP01A will be studied in a total of 24 study subjects. In addition, six HIV-negative subjects will be recruited as a control for cortisol secretion only and will not receive study medication.
NCT00299897 ↗ SP01A: The Study of an Oral Entry Inhibitor in Treatment-Experienced HIV Patients Unknown status Samaritan Pharmaceuticals, Inc Phase 2 2006-03-01 This is a 28-day, multi-center, placebo-controlled study designed to look at the dose response, efficacy, and safety of SP01A, given as a pill to be swallowed, in the treatment of HIV-infected subjects. Samaritan has discovered that SP01A affects cholesterol binding, which is directly implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV. It has also been established that drugs of this nature exert an anti-HIV effect in-vitro. These data suggest that SP01A has the potential to reduce HIV virus replication. One measurement of an HIV infected person's risk of progressing to AIDS is the number of viral particles of HIV in their blood (called a "viral load"). This study is designed to see if SP01A will lower the amount of HIV in an infected individual's blood. Patients will be assigned by chance to 1 of 4 groups. Neither the patient nor the study doctor or nurse will know which dose of the study drug the patient is taking or if he/she is receiving the placebo (a capsule that looks like the study drug but does not contain any active ingredient). Study drug administration will continue for 28 days. At the end of the 28-day study, the patient will be offered testing of his/her virus for resistance to approved drugs (genotype).
NCT00844337 ↗ Simplified Antibiotic Regimens for Outpatient Treatment of Suspected Sepsis in Neonates and Young Infants in Bangladesh Completed Dhaka Shishu Hospital N/A 2009-03-01 The primary aim is to establish the non-inferiority of several simplified, home-based antibiotic regimens compared to the standard course of parenteral antibiotics for the empiric treatment of suspected sepsis in Bangladeshi young infants whose parents refuse hospitalization. Three alternative regimens will be compared with a standard (reference) regimen of injectable procaine-benzyl penicillin and gentamicin once daily each for seven days. Alternative regimens are (1) injectable gentamicin once daily and oral amoxicillin twice daily for seven days; (2) injectable penicillin and gentamicin once daily for two days followed by oral amoxicillin twice daily for five days; and (3) injectable gentamicin once daily and oral amoxicillin twice daily for two days followed by oral amoxicillin twice daily for five days. Hypothesis The proportion who fails treatment will be 10 percent in the reference group and the alternative treatment groups. An alternative therapy will be considered non-inferior to the standard therapy if the failure rate in the alternative therapy exceeds the failure rate in the injectable therapy by less than 5 absolute percentage points. Secondary Objectives: - To identify baseline clinical predictors of treatment failure in severe infections in young infants. - To determine the proportion of relapse (young infants who were considered cured by day 7 but developed any of the signs of suspected severe infection by day 14).
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for Procaine Hydrochloride

Condition Name

Condition Name for Procaine Hydrochloride
Intervention Trials
Sepsis 3
HIV Infections 2
Pain, Postoperative 1
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Procaine Hydrochloride
Intervention Trials
Sepsis 3
HIV Infections 2
Toxemia 2
Mucositis 1
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Clinical Trial Locations for Procaine Hydrochloride

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Procaine Hydrochloride
Location Trials
United States 6
Pakistan 2
China 2
Brazil 1
Canada 1
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Procaine Hydrochloride
Location Trials
California 2
Florida 1
Oregon 1
Tennessee 1
Pennsylvania 1
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Clinical Trial Progress for Procaine Hydrochloride

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Procaine Hydrochloride
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 1
Phase 3 3
Phase 2/Phase 3 1
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Procaine Hydrochloride
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Unknown status 6
Completed 6
Not yet recruiting 1
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for Procaine Hydrochloride

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Procaine Hydrochloride
Sponsor Trials
Aga Khan University 2
Samaritan Pharmaceuticals, Inc 2
Vanderbilt University 1
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Procaine Hydrochloride
Sponsor Trials
Other 20
Industry 3
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Procaine Hydrochloride: Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections

Introduction to Procaine Hydrochloride

Procaine hydrochloride, a derivative of the local anesthetic procaine, has been a staple in medical and dental procedures for its anesthetic properties. Recently, it has garnered attention for its potential antiviral effects, particularly against viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A.

Clinical Trials and Antiviral Effects

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication

Studies have shown that procaine hydrochloride and its prodrug, ProcCluster®, exhibit significant inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 replication. These substances limit the production of subgenomic RNA transcripts and affect the replication of the viral genomic RNA. When added during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle, procaine hydrochloride reduces viral titers and interferes with the release of progeny viruses even when added late in the replication cycle[1][4].

Inhibition of Influenza A Virus

Procaine hydrochloride and ProcCluster® also demonstrate antiviral activity against influenza A virus. These compounds delay endosome fusion early in the replication cycle and inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, which are crucial for viral replication. This dual-action mechanism highlights their potential as antiviral agents[4].

Cell Viability and Safety

Clinical trials indicate that procaine hydrochloride and ProcCluster® do not significantly affect cell viability and proliferation in human lung carcinoma cell lines, even at concentrations up to 5 mM. This is a critical factor in their potential therapeutic use, as it suggests a favorable safety profile[1].

Market Analysis

Current Market Size and Growth

The global procaine hydrochloride market is valued at USD 450 million as of 2023 and is projected to grow to USD 650 million by 2032, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.1% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by the increasing demand for safe and efficient local anesthetics in various medical and dental procedures[2].

Broader Procaine Market

The broader procaine market, including procaine hydrochloride, procaine benzylpenicillin, and procaine hydrochloride with adrenaline injection, was valued at USD 21.4 billion in 2023. It is expected to reach USD 30.5 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 4.6% from 2024 to 2031. This expansion is fueled by the rise in surgical and dental procedures, improvements in healthcare infrastructure, and increasing awareness of pain management[3].

Segmentation and Key Players

The procaine market is segmented by type, application, and geography. Key applications include local anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, dental procedures, veterinary medicine, and pain management. Major players in the market include Pfizer, Abbott Laboratories, Sanofi, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, and B. Braun Melsungen AG, among others[3].

Market Projections

Regional Growth

The market for procaine hydrochloride is expected to grow across various regions, with North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region being key drivers. The growing elderly population and the increasing need for medical procedures in these regions are significant factors contributing to this growth[3].

Regulatory and Government Support

Favorable government policies and regulatory clearances are crucial for the market expansion of procaine hydrochloride. These policies support the development and approval of new pharmaceutical formulations, which in turn drive market growth[3].

Future Outlook and Research Directions

Pharmacokinetics and Safety Studies

Further research is needed to understand the pharmacokinetics of procaine hydrochloride, particularly the serum concentrations that can be safely achieved. Current studies indicate that the concentrations used in vitro are higher than those typically tolerated in humans, highlighting the need for more detailed safety and efficacy studies[1].

Antiviral Research

The antiviral properties of procaine hydrochloride and its derivatives open new avenues for research. Investigating their efficacy against other viruses and understanding the mechanisms of action in more detail could lead to the development of new antiviral therapies[4].

Key Takeaways

  • Antiviral Effects: Procaine hydrochloride and ProcCluster® show promising antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus.
  • Market Growth: The global procaine hydrochloride market is projected to grow from USD 450 million in 2023 to USD 650 million by 2032.
  • Safety Profile: These compounds do not significantly affect cell viability at therapeutic concentrations.
  • Regulatory Support: Favorable government policies and regulatory clearances are essential for market expansion.
  • Future Research: Further studies on pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiviral mechanisms are necessary.

FAQs

What are the primary applications of procaine hydrochloride?

Procaine hydrochloride is primarily used in local anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, dental procedures, veterinary medicine, and pain management.

How does procaine hydrochloride inhibit viral replication?

Procaine hydrochloride inhibits viral replication by delaying endosome fusion, reducing the production of subgenomic RNA transcripts, and affecting the release of progeny viruses.

What is the projected growth rate of the procaine hydrochloride market?

The procaine hydrochloride market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.1% from 2023 to 2032.

Which companies are key players in the procaine market?

Key players include Pfizer, Abbott Laboratories, Sanofi, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, and B. Braun Melsungen AG.

What are the main drivers of the procaine market growth?

The main drivers include the rise in surgical and dental procedures, improvements in healthcare infrastructure, and increasing awareness of pain management.

Sources

  1. Local Anaesthetic Procaine Prodrugs ProcCluster® and Procaine Hydrochloride Impair SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Egress In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023.
  2. Procaine Hydrochloride Market Research Report 2032. Dataintelo.
  3. Procaine Market Size and Projections. Market Research Intellect.
  4. ProcCluster® and procaine hydrochloride inhibit the influenza A virus infection at several stages of the replication cycle. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2024.

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