CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM ACETATE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM GLUCONATE

All Clinical Trials for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate

Trial ID	Title	Status	Sponsor	Phase	Start Date	Summary
NCT00004361 ↗	Study of the Relationship Between Calcium Levels and Intact Parathyroid Hormone (iPTH) in Adults With Repaired or Palliated Conotruncal Cardiac Defects	Completed	Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago		1995-07-01	OBJECTIVES: I. Identify latent hypoparathyroidism in normocalcemic adult survivors with repaired conotruncal cardiac defects, by evaluating parathyroid gland secretory function after induced hypocalcemia. II. Determine the relationship of parathyroid hormone secretion to microdeletions in the same region of chromosome 22q11 as found in patients with DiGeorge anomaly.
NCT00004361 ↗	Study of the Relationship Between Calcium Levels and Intact Parathyroid Hormone (iPTH) in Adults With Repaired or Palliated Conotruncal Cardiac Defects	Completed	National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)		1995-07-01	OBJECTIVES: I. Identify latent hypoparathyroidism in normocalcemic adult survivors with repaired conotruncal cardiac defects, by evaluating parathyroid gland secretory function after induced hypocalcemia. II. Determine the relationship of parathyroid hormone secretion to microdeletions in the same region of chromosome 22q11 as found in patients with DiGeorge anomaly.
NCT00354692 ↗	Effect of Two Iron Preparations on Protein in the Urine	Completed	Watson Pharmaceuticals	Phase 4	2006-06-01	This pilot study will compare the effects of sodium ferric gluconate complex and iron sucrose on urine concentrations of various chemicals including protein
NCT00370968 ↗	Zinc-ORS in Severe and Complicated Acute Diarrhea	Completed	All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi	Phase 2/Phase 3	2003-09-01	Three-hundred-and-fifty-two males aged 1-36 months with acute non-dysenteric diarrhoea and no systemic illness will be enrolled in this clinical trial. Eligible children will be stratified by their age (1up to 5 months, 6-35 months). Within the two age strata the patients will be randomized to receive zinc-ORS (fortified with 40 mg elemental zinc as zinc gluconate per litre) or standard WHO ORS. The major outcome measures will be stool output and duration of diarrhea. The safety of administering zinc will be determined by examining the effect of zinc ingestion on vomiting, sodium and potassium homeostasis, plasma zinc and copper, and iron stores and concentration of serum transferrin receptor.
NCT00370968 ↗	Zinc-ORS in Severe and Complicated Acute Diarrhea	Completed	Centre For International Health	Phase 2/Phase 3	2003-09-01	Three-hundred-and-fifty-two males aged 1-36 months with acute non-dysenteric diarrhoea and no systemic illness will be enrolled in this clinical trial. Eligible children will be stratified by their age (1up to 5 months, 6-35 months). Within the two age strata the patients will be randomized to receive zinc-ORS (fortified with 40 mg elemental zinc as zinc gluconate per litre) or standard WHO ORS. The major outcome measures will be stool output and duration of diarrhea. The safety of administering zinc will be determined by examining the effect of zinc ingestion on vomiting, sodium and potassium homeostasis, plasma zinc and copper, and iron stores and concentration of serum transferrin receptor.
NCT00534144 ↗	Comparison Between Effects of Two Iron Preparations on Protein in the Urine	Completed	Watson Pharmaceuticals	Phase 1	2007-09-01	This study will compare the effects of sodium ferric gluconate complex and iron sucrose on urine concentrations of various chemicals including protein
NCT00583765 ↗	Evaluation of a Simplified Protocol for Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration	Completed	Gambro Renal Products, Inc.		2005-04-01	Dialysis requires thinning of the blood to prevent clotting in the dialysis machine. Thinning of the blood is necessary but some forms of blood thinners may cause bleeding. Therefore, researchers are seeking ways to minimize bleeding risks and ensure effective dialysis. One medication used to thin the blood in the dialysis machine is citrate. Citrate has the advantage of having its blood-thinning properties quickly reversed by calcium in the patient's blood. As a consequence, only the blood in the machine is thinned, greatly reducing the risk of bleeding when dialysis is carried out using other blood thinners. Until now, most patients who received citrate for dialysis were administered the citrate in a separate infusion through an IV pump into the dialysis machine. This method requires complex monitoring and calculations. This study is about Prismocitrate which is a dialysis fluid very similar to the regular dialysis fluid that is used in this intensive care unit, except that this fluid already contains exactly the correct amount of citrate. Thus, this method does not require a separate pump for citrate and calculations to pump the citrate into the blood as it goes through the kidney machine. Having the citrate already contained in the dialysis fluid simplifies the procedure and reduces the possibility of calculation errors. This study seeks to determine if this simplified means of providing blood thinning in the kidney machine also results in the correct balance of blood salts.

Clinical Trial Conditions for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate

Condition Name

Condition Name for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate
Intervention	Trials
Anemia	3
Kidney Failure, Chronic	2
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency	2
Nursing Caries	1

Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate
Intervention	Trials
Renal Insufficiency	3
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency	3
Kidney Failure, Chronic	2
Osteoarthritis	2

Clinical Trial Locations for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate
Location	Trials
United States	20
Israel	3
Mexico	2
India	1
Bangladesh	1

Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate
Location	Trials
Arizona	3
Pennsylvania	2
New York	2
Texas	2
Louisiana	2

Clinical Trial Progress for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate
Clinical Trial Phase	Trials
Phase 4	6
Phase 3	3
Phase 2/Phase 3	1

Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate
Clinical Trial Phase	Trials
Completed	13
Unknown status	4
Not yet recruiting	3

Clinical Trial Sponsors for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate
Sponsor	Trials
Watson Pharmaceuticals	2
Rambam Health Care Campus	2
National Cancer Institute (NCI)	1

Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Gluconate
Sponsor	Trials
Other	33
NIH	4
Industry	4

Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections for Selected Chemicals: Magnesium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Acetate, Sodium Chloride, and Sodium Gluconate

Introduction

This article provides an update on clinical trials, market analysis, and projections for several key chemicals: magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and sodium gluconate. These chemicals are widely used in various industries, including healthcare, construction, and food processing.

Clinical Trials Update

Magnesium Chloride

Magnesium chloride has been a subject of interest in clinical trials, particularly for its potential benefits in cardiovascular health and neurological conditions.

• FAST-MAG Trial: The Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) trial investigated the use of magnesium sulfate (which can be related to magnesium chloride in terms of magnesium's therapeutic effects) in patients with acute clinical stroke syndromes, including intracerebral hemorrhage. The study found that higher serum magnesium levels were associated with less hematoma expansion and neurological deterioration in the magnesium treatment group[1].

• Absorption and Bioavailability: Clinical trials have shown that organic magnesium formulations, such as magnesium citrate, are slightly better absorbed than inorganic ones like magnesium chloride. However, magnesium chloride has still shown benefits in various conditions, including cardiometabolic diseases and bone health[4].

Potassium Chloride

Potassium chloride is commonly used in medical settings to treat potassium deficiencies but has not been the focus of recent groundbreaking clinical trials.

• General Use: Potassium chloride is used to prevent or treat low blood potassium levels. It is often administered intravenously in clinical settings but does not have recent notable clinical trial updates.

Sodium Acetate

Sodium acetate is used in various medical applications, including as a buffer in intravenous fluids.

• SPLIT Study: While not specifically focused on sodium acetate, the SPLIT study compared 0.9% saline with Plasma-Lyte 148, a buffered crystalloid fluid that includes acetate. The study aimed to assess the risk of acute kidney injury and other renal outcomes. This research indirectly highlights the importance of buffered solutions in clinical practice[3].

Sodium Chloride

Sodium chloride, or common salt, is widely used in medical and non-medical applications.

• SPLIT Study: The SPLIT study mentioned earlier compared 0.9% saline (sodium chloride solution) with Plasma-Lyte 148. The study found that 0.9% saline might increase the risk of developing acute kidney injury compared to buffered crystalloid fluids[3].

Sodium Gluconate

Sodium gluconate is used in various industries, including construction and food processing, but it is not typically a subject of clinical trials.

• Industrial Use: There are no significant clinical trials focused on sodium gluconate. Its primary use is in industrial and food applications, as discussed in the market analysis section.

Market Analysis

Magnesium Chloride

• Market Size and Growth: The market for magnesium chloride is not specifically detailed in recent reports, but its use in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and construction, contributes to its steady demand.
• Applications: Magnesium chloride is used in de-icing roads, as a coagulant in water treatment, and in the production of paper and textiles. In the pharmaceutical sector, it is used as an antacid and in the treatment of magnesium deficiency[4].

Potassium Chloride

• Market Size and Growth: The potassium chloride market is substantial, driven by its use in agriculture (as a fertilizer), pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications. However, specific market size and growth projections are not readily available in recent reports.
• Applications: Potassium chloride is used in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and as a salt substitute in food products.

Sodium Acetate

• Market Size and Growth: Sodium acetate's market is integrated into the broader market for intravenous fluids and medical buffers. Specific market size data is not readily available.
• Applications: Sodium acetate is used as a buffer in intravenous fluids, in the production of dyes and textiles, and in the food industry as a flavoring agent.

Sodium Chloride

• Market Size and Growth: Sodium chloride is one of the most widely used chemicals globally, with a vast market driven by its use in food, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.
• Applications: Sodium chloride is used as a seasoning in food, in the production of paper and dyes, and as a de-icing agent.

Sodium Gluconate

• Market Size and Growth: The global sodium gluconate market was estimated at USD 596.2 million in 2022 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.7% from 2023 to 2030, reaching USD 794.5 million by 2030[2][5].
• Applications: Sodium gluconate is used as a water reducer in concrete, mortar, and gypsum in the construction industry. It is also used in the production of detergents, food products, and in water treatment.

Regional Outlook

Sodium Gluconate

• Asia Pacific: This region dominated the sodium gluconate market with a share of 36.9% in 2022, driven by high demand from the construction industry, particularly in China[2][5].
• North America: This region is expected to witness the highest CAGR of 4.1% over the forecast period, driven by demand from downstream industries such as metal printing and textile dyeing[2].

Projections

Magnesium Chloride

• Healthcare Sector: The demand for magnesium chloride in the healthcare sector is expected to grow due to its benefits in treating various health conditions, including cardiometabolic diseases and neurological disorders[4].

Potassium Chloride

• Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Sectors: The demand for potassium chloride is expected to remain steady, driven by its use in fertilizers and pharmaceutical applications.

Sodium Acetate

• Medical Buffers: The demand for sodium acetate as a buffer in intravenous fluids is expected to continue, driven by the need for safe and effective medical treatments[3].

Sodium Chloride

• Global Demand: The demand for sodium chloride is expected to remain high across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and construction.

Sodium Gluconate

• Construction and Industrial Sectors: The demand for sodium gluconate is projected to grow, driven by its use in the construction industry and increasing awareness of its benefits in water treatment and detergent production[2][5].

Key Takeaways

• Magnesium Chloride: Shows promise in clinical trials for its hemostatic effects and is used in various industrial applications.
• Potassium Chloride: Remains a crucial chemical in agriculture and pharmaceuticals.
• Sodium Acetate: Continues to be important as a buffer in medical settings.
• Sodium Chloride: Maintains its position as a widely used chemical across multiple industries.
• Sodium Gluconate: Expected to grow significantly in the construction and industrial sectors.

FAQs

What are the primary uses of magnesium chloride in clinical settings?

Magnesium chloride is used in clinical settings to treat magnesium deficiency and has been studied for its potential benefits in cardiovascular health and neurological conditions.

How does sodium gluconate contribute to the construction industry?

Sodium gluconate is used as a water reducer in concrete, mortar, and gypsum, improving the workability and strength of these materials.

What are the key findings of the FAST-MAG trial regarding magnesium sulfate?

The FAST-MAG trial found that higher serum magnesium levels were associated with less hematoma expansion and neurological deterioration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Why is sodium acetate used in intravenous fluids?

Sodium acetate is used as a buffer in intravenous fluids to maintain pH balance and prevent acidosis.

What is the projected growth rate of the sodium gluconate market from 2023 to 2030?

The sodium gluconate market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.7% from 2023 to 2030, reaching USD 794.5 million by 2030.

Sources

1. Magnesium and Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. PubMed.
2. Global Sodium Gluconate Market. Grand View Research.
3. Overview of the study protocols and statistical analysis plan for the SPLIT study. PubMed.
4. Magnesium: A Review of Clinical Use and Efficacy. Nutritional Medicine Institute.
5. Sodium Gluconate Market Size, Share Analysis Report, 2030. Grand View Research.

Last updated: 2025-01-01