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Last Updated: January 22, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND DEXTROSE 5%


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
OTC NCT00405912 ↗ St. John's Wort for Tobacco Cessation Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 2005-09-01 After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 23%. Currently available treatments among adults are expensive and not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents need to be developed and tested to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of less than a 12% adult tobacco use prevalence. Bupropion, an FDA approved agent for tobacco cessation, acts by inhibiting central synaptosomal reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. A widely used herbal antidepressant, St. John's Wort (SJW), shares a similar mechanism of action and is effective for treating mild to moderate depression. SJW is well tolerated, available over the counter, and is significantly less expensive than the established treatments for tobacco dependence. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SJW for the treatment of tobacco use has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SJW for increasing tobacco abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel group, dose-ranging clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups and will receive a twelve-week course of SJW 900 mg per day, 1800 mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism.
OTC NCT00405912 ↗ St. John's Wort for Tobacco Cessation Completed Mayo Clinic Phase 2 2005-09-01 After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 23%. Currently available treatments among adults are expensive and not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents need to be developed and tested to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of less than a 12% adult tobacco use prevalence. Bupropion, an FDA approved agent for tobacco cessation, acts by inhibiting central synaptosomal reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. A widely used herbal antidepressant, St. John's Wort (SJW), shares a similar mechanism of action and is effective for treating mild to moderate depression. SJW is well tolerated, available over the counter, and is significantly less expensive than the established treatments for tobacco dependence. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SJW for the treatment of tobacco use has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SJW for increasing tobacco abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel group, dose-ranging clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups and will receive a twelve-week course of SJW 900 mg per day, 1800 mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism.
New Formulation NCT00640159 ↗ Tolerability and Efficacy of Switch From Oral Selegiline to Orally Disintegrating Selegiline (Zelapar) in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Completed Baylor College of Medicine Phase 4 2007-01-01 Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Symptomatic therapy is primarily aimed at restoring dopamine function in the brain. Oral selegiline in conjunction with L-dopa has been a mainstay of therapy for PD patients experiencing motor fluctuations for many years. The mechanisms accounting for selegiline's beneficial adjunctive action in the treatment of PD are not fully understood. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B (MAO-B) activity is generally considered to be of primary importance. Oral selegiline has low bio-availability and is typically dosed BID, for a total of 5-10 mg daily. Recently, the FDA approved a new orally disintegration tablet (ODT) formulation of selegiline, called ZelaparTM. This new formulation utilizes Zydis technology to dissolve in the mouth, with absorption through the oral mucosa, thereby largely bypassing the gut and avoiding first pass hepatic metabolism. This allows more active drug to be delivered at a lower dose. Consequently, Zelapar is dosed once-daily, up to 2.5 mg per day. There are no empirical data indicating whether the use of the new approved formulation of selegiline ODT (Zelapar) is superior or preferred by patients compared to traditional oral selegiline. It is believed that clinical efficacy will be preserved or enhanced, by delivering more active drug, with improved patient preference for the ODT formulation due to the once-daily dosing . The effectiveness of orally disintegrating selegiline as an adjunct to carbidopa/levodopa in the treatment of PD was established in a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial (n=140; 94 received orally disintegrating selegiline, 46 received placebo) of three months' duration. Patients randomized to orally disintegrating selegiline received a daily dose of 1.25 mg for the first 6 weeks and a daily dose of 2.5 mg for the last 6 weeks. Patients were all treated with levodopa and could additionally have been on dopamine agonists, anticholinergics, amantadine, or any combination of these during the trial. At 12 weeks, orally disintegrating selegiline-treated patients had an average of 2.2 hours per day less "OFF" time compared to baseline. Placebo treated patients had 0.6 hours per day less "OFF" time compared to baseline. These differences were significant (p < 0.001). Adverse events were very similar between drug and placebo.
OTC NCT00722124 ↗ S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Smoking Abstinence Completed Pharmavite Phase 2/Phase 3 2008-09-01 Cigarette smoking is of great public health importance and is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 21%. Currently available treatments among adults are not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents thus need to be continually developed and tested. The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is one of the key components of the pleasurable and rewarding effects of nicotine. Drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitter availability (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine) are likely to increase the reward function and thus ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for the central nervous system (CNS), donates methyl groups towards presynaptic synthesis of CNS monoamine neurotransmitters. By facilitating the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, SAMe is likely to ameliorate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thus improving tobacco abstinence rates in smokers who are trying to stop smoking. SAMe is well tolerated and is available over-the-counter. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SAMe for the treatment of tobacco dependence has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SAMe for increasing smoking abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase II clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and will receive an 8-week course of SAMe 800-mg per day, 1600-mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism, if the results appear promising.
OTC NCT00722124 ↗ S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Smoking Abstinence Completed Pharmavite LLC Phase 2/Phase 3 2008-09-01 Cigarette smoking is of great public health importance and is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 21%. Currently available treatments among adults are not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents thus need to be continually developed and tested. The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is one of the key components of the pleasurable and rewarding effects of nicotine. Drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitter availability (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine) are likely to increase the reward function and thus ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for the central nervous system (CNS), donates methyl groups towards presynaptic synthesis of CNS monoamine neurotransmitters. By facilitating the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, SAMe is likely to ameliorate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thus improving tobacco abstinence rates in smokers who are trying to stop smoking. SAMe is well tolerated and is available over-the-counter. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SAMe for the treatment of tobacco dependence has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SAMe for increasing smoking abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase II clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and will receive an 8-week course of SAMe 800-mg per day, 1600-mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism, if the results appear promising.
OTC NCT00722124 ↗ S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Smoking Abstinence Completed Mayo Clinic Phase 2/Phase 3 2008-09-01 Cigarette smoking is of great public health importance and is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 21%. Currently available treatments among adults are not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents thus need to be continually developed and tested. The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is one of the key components of the pleasurable and rewarding effects of nicotine. Drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitter availability (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine) are likely to increase the reward function and thus ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for the central nervous system (CNS), donates methyl groups towards presynaptic synthesis of CNS monoamine neurotransmitters. By facilitating the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, SAMe is likely to ameliorate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thus improving tobacco abstinence rates in smokers who are trying to stop smoking. SAMe is well tolerated and is available over-the-counter. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SAMe for the treatment of tobacco dependence has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SAMe for increasing smoking abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase II clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and will receive an 8-week course of SAMe 800-mg per day, 1600-mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism, if the results appear promising.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated VA Connecticut Healthcare System Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated Yale University Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000309 ↗ Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonism of Cocaine Effect: 1 - 1 Terminated National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 2 1994-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate use of risperidone with cocaine abusers. Study measures incorporate an appropriate integration of behavioral and neurobiological indices.
NCT00000309 ↗ Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonism of Cocaine Effect: 1 - 1 Terminated VA Boston Healthcare System Phase 2 1994-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate use of risperidone with cocaine abusers. Study measures incorporate an appropriate integration of behavioral and neurobiological indices.
NCT00000309 ↗ Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonism of Cocaine Effect: 1 - 1 Terminated Butler Hospital Phase 2 1994-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate use of risperidone with cocaine abusers. Study measures incorporate an appropriate integration of behavioral and neurobiological indices.
NCT00000310 ↗ Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonism of Cocaine Effect: 2 - 2 Terminated VA Boston Healthcare System Phase 2 1996-01-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate use of risperidone with cocaine abusers. Study measures incorporate an appropriate integration of behavioral and neurobiological indices.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%

Condition Name

Condition Name for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%
Intervention Trials
Schizophrenia 98
Parkinson Disease 74
Parkinson's Disease 72
Healthy 33
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%
Intervention Trials
Parkinson Disease 173
Schizophrenia 106
Disease 76
Depression 66
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Clinical Trial Locations for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%
Location Trials
United States 934
Canada 82
Germany 64
France 55
United Kingdom 43
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%
Location Trials
New York 82
California 77
Maryland 69
Massachusetts 55
Texas 50
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Clinical Trial Progress for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 204
Phase 3 131
Phase 2/Phase 3 36
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 569
Recruiting 138
Unknown status 95
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%
Sponsor Trials
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) 64
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 45
Yale University 29
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Dopamine Hydrochloride And Dextrose 5%
Sponsor Trials
Other 1338
Industry 242
NIH 192
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Dopamine Hydrochloride and Dextrose 5%: Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections

Introduction

Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose 5% is a critical medication used to improve hemodynamic status in patients experiencing shock. This article will delve into the clinical trials, market analysis, and projections for this drug, providing a comprehensive overview of its use, availability, and future outlook.

Clinical Trials and Efficacy

Clinical trials have established dopamine hydrochloride as an effective treatment for various shock states, including cardiogenic shock, traumatic shock, and septic shock. Here are some key points from these trials:

  • Hemodynamic Effects: Dopamine hydrochloride increases systolic and pulse pressure, with minimal to no effect on diastolic pressure. It enhances cardiac output and blood flow to vital organs, particularly at doses between 5-15 mcg/kg/min[3][5].
  • Dosage and Administration: The recommended starting dosage is 2 to 5 mcg/kg/minute, titrated in increments based on hemodynamic response and tolerability, up to a maximum of 50 mcg/kg/minute[1][5].
  • Patient Response: Clinical studies indicate that patients with less severe deterioration in physiological parameters, such as blood pressure and urine flow, are more likely to respond adequately to dopamine hydrochloride[3].

Market Analysis

The market for dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5% is influenced by several factors, including demand, supply chain issues, and competition.

Demand

  • Critical Care: The demand for dopamine hydrochloride is high in critical care settings due to its efficacy in managing shock states. This demand is consistent across various medical conditions, including myocardial infarction, trauma, and septicemia[3].

Supply Chain Issues

  • Drug Shortages: Recent years have seen shortages of dopamine hydrochloride due to manufacturing delays. For instance, Pfizer has experienced shortages, with estimated resupply dates ranging from late 2024 to early 2025 for some formulations[2].
  • Alternative Suppliers: Companies like Baxter and Hikma have been affected by these shortages, but they continue to supply the market. Baxter, for example, has dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5% available, mitigating some of the shortage impacts[2].

Competition

  • Other Vasopressors: The market for vasopressors is competitive, with other drugs like dobutamine hydrochloride also being used for inotropic support. However, dopamine hydrochloride remains a preferred choice due to its broad range of effects and versatility in different shock states[4].

Market Projections

Future Demand

  • Increasing Need: The demand for dopamine hydrochloride is expected to increase due to the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases and other conditions that lead to shock states. Advances in critical care and the expansion of healthcare services in developing countries will also drive demand[3].

Supply Chain Improvements

  • Manufacturing Enhancements: Efforts to improve manufacturing processes and reduce delays are underway. Companies are working to ensure a more stable supply chain, which will help meet the increasing demand and reduce the likelihood of future shortages[2].

Regulatory Environment

  • Regulatory Oversight: Regulatory bodies continue to monitor the production and distribution of dopamine hydrochloride to ensure compliance with safety and efficacy standards. This oversight is crucial for maintaining public trust and ensuring the drug's availability[3].

Economic Impact

The economic impact of dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5% is significant, particularly in the context of critical care.

  • Cost-Effectiveness: Despite its critical role, dopamine hydrochloride is generally cost-effective compared to other vasopressors. Its use can reduce the length of hospital stays and improve patient outcomes, thereby reducing overall healthcare costs[3].
  • Market Size: The global market for vasopressors, including dopamine hydrochloride, is substantial and growing. The market size is projected to increase due to the increasing prevalence of conditions requiring vasopressor therapy[3].

Safety and Contraindications

While dopamine hydrochloride is a lifesaving medication, it has several safety considerations and contraindications.

  • Contraindications: Dopamine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma, uncorrected tachyarrhythmias, or ventricular fibrillation. It should not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set due to the risk of pseudoagglutination of red cells[1][3][5].
  • Adverse Effects: Common adverse effects include increased heart rate, blood pressure, and the potential for vasoconstriction at higher doses. These effects are generally manageable with dose adjustments[1][5].

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Efficacy: Dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5% is highly effective in improving hemodynamic status in patients with shock.
  • Market Demand: The demand for this medication is high and expected to increase due to rising healthcare needs.
  • Supply Chain Challenges: Recent shortages highlight the need for stable manufacturing and supply chain management.
  • Economic Impact: The drug is cost-effective and contributes significantly to the overall healthcare economy.
  • Safety Considerations: It is crucial to adhere to contraindications and monitor for adverse effects to ensure safe use.

FAQs

What is the primary indication for dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5%?

Dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5% is primarily indicated to improve hemodynamic status in patients experiencing shock due to various conditions such as myocardial infarction, trauma, and septicemia[1][3].

How is dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5% administered?

It is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion, typically starting at 2 to 5 mcg/kg/minute and titrated based on hemodynamic response and tolerability[1][5].

What are the common adverse effects of dopamine hydrochloride?

Common adverse effects include increased heart rate, blood pressure, and potential vasoconstriction at higher doses. These effects are generally manageable with dose adjustments[1][5].

Why have there been shortages of dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5%?

Recent shortages have been due to manufacturing delays, particularly affecting Pfizer's production. Other suppliers like Baxter and Hikma continue to supply the market, mitigating some of the shortage impacts[2].

What is the expected market trend for dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5%?

The market for dopamine hydrochloride in dextrose 5% is expected to grow due to increasing demand driven by rising healthcare needs and improvements in manufacturing processes to stabilize the supply chain[3].

Sources

  1. Drugs.com: Dopamine and Dextrose: Package Insert / Prescribing Info.
  2. ASHP: Drug Shortage Detail: Dopamine Hydrochloride Injection.
  3. FDA: DOPamine HYDROCHLORIDE AND 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP.
  4. Baxter PI: DOBUTamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection.
  5. DailyMed: DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE injection, solution.

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