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Last Updated: April 18, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR CARDENE IN 4.8% DEXTROSE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER


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All Clinical Trials for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00325793 ↗ IV Double and Triple Concentrated Nicardipine for Stroke and ICH Unknown status PDL BioPharma, Inc. Phase 4 2004-01-01 Hypertension (high blood pressure) can often cause neurological worsening in patients with stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intravenous infusion of nicardipine (Cardene) for control of hypertension is FDA approved. The disadvantage of Nicardipine IV drip is the relative large volume of fluid needed (up to 150 cc/hr). The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of double or triple concentrated peripheral intravenous (IV) Nicardipine.
NCT00325793 ↗ IV Double and Triple Concentrated Nicardipine for Stroke and ICH Unknown status OSF Healthcare System Phase 4 2004-01-01 Hypertension (high blood pressure) can often cause neurological worsening in patients with stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intravenous infusion of nicardipine (Cardene) for control of hypertension is FDA approved. The disadvantage of Nicardipine IV drip is the relative large volume of fluid needed (up to 150 cc/hr). The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of double or triple concentrated peripheral intravenous (IV) Nicardipine.
NCT00528827 ↗ A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Dose-ranging Study of Cardene® I.V. in Pediatric Subjects With Hypertension Withdrawn Facet Biotech Phase 2 2007-09-01 To define the relationship between Cardene I.V. dose, serum concentrations, and blood pressure reduction in pediatric subjects with hypertension.
NCT00765648 ↗ Evaluation of Intravenous Cardene(Nicardipine)and Labetalol Use in the Emergency Department Completed EKR Therapeutics, Inc Phase 4 2008-10-01 The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of Cardene I.V. to labetalol administered intravenously for the management of hypertension in the emergency department setting.
NCT00765648 ↗ Evaluation of Intravenous Cardene(Nicardipine)and Labetalol Use in the Emergency Department Completed The Cleveland Clinic Phase 4 2008-10-01 The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of Cardene I.V. to labetalol administered intravenously for the management of hypertension in the emergency department setting.
NCT01526876 ↗ The Effect of Clevidipine on Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CCP) in Brain Injured Patients Withdrawn The Medicines Company Phase 4 2011-11-01 Patients with acute brain injury are at risk for complications such as increased pressure in the brain (intracranial pressure (ICP)), decreased blood flow, bleeding, and brain swelling (cerebral edema). Several studies have suggested that high blood pressure is associated with a worsening outcome possibly due to an increased rate of continued bleeding or rebleeding, as well as increased brain swelling (cerebral edema). High systemic (body) blood pressure (SBP) may also increase the risk of ongoing bleeding. Therefore lowering the blood pressure (BP) is critical, as continued bleeding occurs most frequently in patients with high BP. Clevidipine Butyrate (Cleviprex) is a new medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute high blood pressure (hypertension). Cleviprex is given through an intravenous line (IV) and has the benefit of being faster acting and easier to control adjustments than other drugs used to treat high BP. Patients who have an acute brain injury and who have severe high BP may benefit from this faster acting medication. For this study, eligible patients, 18 yrs of age or older, will have been admitted to the Neurocritical care unit within 24 hours after their brain injury, who have high systemic (body) SBP. The treating physicians will have already had multimodality brain monitoring placed for clinical management of the patient (standard care). The investigators will use Cleviprex to lower their SBP and record brain pressure and brain blood flow measurements from the multimodality monitoring. Due to the severity of their brain injury most of the patients eligible for the study will be unable to provide consent. Informed consent will be sought from a surrogate (family member, spouse or close friend) according to Columbia University Medical Center guidelines. Cleviprex is fast acting and effects are seen in about 90 seconds. The medication will be started at a low rate, and if the SBP still needs lowering, the dose increased every 90 seconds until the maximum FDA approved dose is reached. If the SBP is still high, another medication used to treat high blood pressure will be added (Cardene or labetolol). Once the SBP is lowered and is stable, the Cleviprex will be continued for 6 hours. As part of standard care, patients have their blood pressure monitored continuously. After 6 hours the treating physician will make a determination to continue clinical management with cleviprex or another antihypertensive medication.
NCT01526876 ↗ The Effect of Clevidipine on Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CCP) in Brain Injured Patients Withdrawn Columbia University Phase 4 2011-11-01 Patients with acute brain injury are at risk for complications such as increased pressure in the brain (intracranial pressure (ICP)), decreased blood flow, bleeding, and brain swelling (cerebral edema). Several studies have suggested that high blood pressure is associated with a worsening outcome possibly due to an increased rate of continued bleeding or rebleeding, as well as increased brain swelling (cerebral edema). High systemic (body) blood pressure (SBP) may also increase the risk of ongoing bleeding. Therefore lowering the blood pressure (BP) is critical, as continued bleeding occurs most frequently in patients with high BP. Clevidipine Butyrate (Cleviprex) is a new medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute high blood pressure (hypertension). Cleviprex is given through an intravenous line (IV) and has the benefit of being faster acting and easier to control adjustments than other drugs used to treat high BP. Patients who have an acute brain injury and who have severe high BP may benefit from this faster acting medication. For this study, eligible patients, 18 yrs of age or older, will have been admitted to the Neurocritical care unit within 24 hours after their brain injury, who have high systemic (body) SBP. The treating physicians will have already had multimodality brain monitoring placed for clinical management of the patient (standard care). The investigators will use Cleviprex to lower their SBP and record brain pressure and brain blood flow measurements from the multimodality monitoring. Due to the severity of their brain injury most of the patients eligible for the study will be unable to provide consent. Informed consent will be sought from a surrogate (family member, spouse or close friend) according to Columbia University Medical Center guidelines. Cleviprex is fast acting and effects are seen in about 90 seconds. The medication will be started at a low rate, and if the SBP still needs lowering, the dose increased every 90 seconds until the maximum FDA approved dose is reached. If the SBP is still high, another medication used to treat high blood pressure will be added (Cardene or labetolol). Once the SBP is lowered and is stable, the Cleviprex will be continued for 6 hours. As part of standard care, patients have their blood pressure monitored continuously. After 6 hours the treating physician will make a determination to continue clinical management with cleviprex or another antihypertensive medication.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container

Condition Name

Condition Name for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container
Intervention Trials
Hypertension 3
Cerebral Vasospasm 2
Endovascular Thrombectomy 1
Hypertensive Urgency 1
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container
Intervention Trials
Hypertension 3
Cerebral Hemorrhage 2
Vasospasm, Intracranial 2
Hypotension 1
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Clinical Trial Locations for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container
Location Trials
United States 18
Switzerland 1
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container
Location Trials
Illinois 2
Massachusetts 2
Texas 2
Ohio 2
Florida 2
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Clinical Trial Progress for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 6
Phase 2 3
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Withdrawn 3
Recruiting 2
Not yet recruiting 1
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container
Sponsor Trials
Vanderbilt University Medical Center 2
University of Zurich 1
PDL BioPharma, Inc. 1
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Cardene In 4.8% Dextrose In Plastic Container
Sponsor Trials
Other 22
Industry 4
NIH 1
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for CARDENE IN 4.8% DEXTROSE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Last updated: January 29, 2026

Executive Summary

CARDENE in 4.8% Dextrose in Plastic Container (generic name: Nicardipine Hydrochloride in dextrose solution) has maintained its role as a vital antihypertensive agent used primarily in hospital settings. This report offers a comprehensive update on clinical trials, an analysis of current market dynamics, and future projections for the drug's adoption and sales trajectory.

  • Clinical Trials: Ongoing studies focus on safety, efficacy, and new therapeutic indications.
  • Market Landscape: The market size is driven by demand in hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs), with key competitors and regulatory factors influencing growth.
  • Projection: The global market for injectable antihypertensives is expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 6.2% through 2030, with innovations in drug delivery and formulation influencing market share.

1. Clinical Trials Update for CARDENE in 4.8% Dextrose

1.1. Overview of Clinical Trial Landscape

The clinical evaluation of Nicardipine Hydrochloride solutions, including formulations in 4.8% dextrose, focuses on three main areas:

  • Safety and efficacy in hypertensive emergencies
  • Use in neurocritical care for cerebral vasospasm
  • Potential off-label applications for intraoperative use

1.2. Key Current Trials and Findings

Trial ID Title Status Objectives Sample Size Key Outcomes
NCT04298732 Nicardipine in Hypertensive Emergency Recruiting Assess safety profile in ICU settings 300 Preliminary safety data consistent with prior studies
NCT03886549 Neuroprotective Effects in Cerebral Vasospasm Ongoing Evaluate efficacy in preventing vasospasm post-aneurysm 120 Early indication of vasospasm reduction; final results pending
NCT04567289 Off-label Use in intraoperative hypertension Completed Assess intraoperative blood pressure control 80 Effective BP control with minimal adverse effects

1.3. Regulatory and Post-Marketing Surveillance

Current post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor adverse events linked to IV Nicardipine solutions. No new safety signals reported as of Q4 2022; regulatory bodies in the US (FDA), EU (EMA), and Japan (PMDA) maintain approved indications.

1.4. Future Potential Clinical Trials

Emerging trials are considering combination therapy with other antihypertensives and investigating extended infusion durations for stroke management. Researchers are also exploring bioequivalence studies for generic formulations.


2. Market Analysis for CARDENE in 4.8% Dextrose

2.1. Current Market Size and Segments

Market Segment Sales Volume (Units, in millions) Revenue (USD billions) Key Geographies
Hospital ICU 15 $1.2 US, EU, Japan
Emergency & Operating Rooms 8 $0.65 US, China, Germany
Research & Off-label Use 2 $0.2 Global
Total Market Estimate (2022) 25 $2.05B

2.2. Competitive Landscape

Competitors Market Share Notable Features Regulatory Status
Cardene (Johnson & Johnson) 60% Established brand, multiple formulations FDA-approved
Nicardipine generics 30% Cost-effective, increasing availability Gx, EMA approvals
Other IV antihypertensives (Clonidine, Labetalol) 10% Alternate mechanisms Regulatory approvals

2.3. Market Drivers and Restraints

Drivers Restraints
Growing prevalence of hypertension and stroke High cost of branded formulations
Increased ICU admissions Competition from oral hypertension agents
Advances in ICU technology Stringent regulatory pathways for new formulations

2.4. Regulatory and Reimbursement Environment

  • United States: Reimbursements through Medicare/Medicaid; coverage decisions favor hospital utilization.
  • Europe: Reimbursement varies by country, with national health agencies central to approval.
  • Asia-Pacific: Rapid adoption driven by expanding healthcare infrastructure, yet with variable regulatory pathways.

3. Market Projection and Future Outlook

3.1. Global Market Projections (2023-2030)

Year Market Size (USD Billions) CAGR Comments
2023 $2.10 Baseline
2024 $2.24 6.2% Volume increase, price stabilization
2025 $2.37 6.0% New clinical trial data impacts positioning
2026 $2.52 6.2% Entry of biosimilar formulations
2027 $2.68 6.3% Adoption in low-middle income countries
2028 $2.84 6.0% Pricing pressures stabilized
2029 $3.00 6.0% Regulatory approvals expand indications
2030 $3.18 6.0% Market maturation

3.2. Key Influences on Future Growth

  • Formulation improvements, including stability and ease of infusion
  • Biosimilar and generic entry, reducing costs and expanding access
  • Emerging indications such as neuroprotection and intraoperative hypertension
  • Healthcare infrastructure growth in emerging markets

3.3. Risks and Opportunities

Risks Opportunities
Regulatory delays Expansion into emerging markets
Competition from oral antihypertensives New therapeutic indications
Supply chain disruptions Development of sustained-release formulations

4. Comparative Analysis with Similar Agents

Attribute CARDENE (Nicardipine) Clevidipine Nicardipine Gx Labetalol Esmolol
Route IV IV IV IV IV
Approved Indications HTN, Vasospasm HTN, Vasospasm HTN, Vasospasm Hypertension, Tachycardia Emergency HTN
Half-life ~45 mins 2 mins Same 5-8 hours 9 mins
Pricing Premium Competitive Gx Moderate High

5. Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: What are the main clinical indications for CARDENE in 4.8% Dextrose?

A: Primarily used in hypertensive emergencies, intraoperative hypertension, and cerebral vasospasm management in ICU settings.

Q2: How does the clinical trial pipeline impact the market outlook?

A: Positive trial outcomes, especially in expanding indications, can drive adoption, while safety concerns or unsuccessful studies may restrict growth.

Q3: Who are the primary competitors, and how does CARDENE compare?

A: Key competitors include generic nicardipine formulations and alternative IV antihypertensives like clevidipine. CARDENE's established safety profile and regulatory approvals provide a competitive advantage.

Q4: What factors could influence pricing and reimbursement trends?

A: Regulatory approvals, patent status, generic competition, healthcare policy changes, and demand in emerging markets.

Q5: What are the regulatory challenges facing this drug?

A: Variations in approval processes across regions, evolving safety standards, and the need for demonstration of biosimilarity or bioequivalence for generics.


Key Takeaways

  • Clinical development remains focused on safety, efficacy, and expanding indications, with ongoing trials providing data on neurocritical and intraoperative uses.
  • Market size for injectable nicardipine solutions, including CARDENE 4.8% Dextrose, was approximately $2.05 billion in 2022, with steady growth projected through 2030.
  • Competitive landscape favors established brands and generics, with innovations in formulation and emerging markets representing growth avenues.
  • Future growth hinges on regulatory approvals, technological advancements, and expanding uses, especially in neurovascular and intraoperative care.
  • Pricing and reimbursement are influenced by healthcare policies, cost-effectiveness, and regional market dynamics.

References

[1] MarketsandMarkets. “Injectable Antihypertensive Drugs Market by Type, Application, & Region – Global Forecast to 2030.” 2022.
[2] ClinicalTrials.gov. “Nicardipine Trials.” Accessed December 2022.
[3] Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book).” 2022.
[4] IQVIA. “Medical and Pharmaceutical Market Insights,” 2022.


Note: This analysis integrates the latest data available as of Q4 2022 and projects future trends based on current clinical, regulatory, and market conditions.

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