Last Updated: May 17, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR CALCIUM CHLORIDE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM BICARBONATE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM PHOSPHATE


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All Clinical Trials for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00194961 ↗ Effect of Growth Hormone on Leptin, Cytokines and Body Composition of Children With Growth Failure Due to Chronic Kidney Disease Terminated Genentech, Inc. Phase 4 1969-12-31 Circulating concentrations of cytokines, such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins 1 and 6 are increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In light of the increasing recognition that growth hormone receptor signaling involves cytokine pathway activation, the investigators hypothesize that maladaptation of cytokine regulation in chronic kidney disease may underlie growth failure. Secondly, they hypothesize that administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) will result in growth rate stimulation in pre-pubertal children with growth impairment due to chronic kidney disease by down regulation of the cytokine pathways. This is a non-randomized open-label study to evaluate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone on biochemical/metabolic and immunologic parameters in relation to body composition pre- and post-recombinant human growth hormone therapy of pre-pubertal growth hormone naive children. The efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone to improve growth velocity in pre-pubertal children with growth failure is a secondary objective. Fifteen children are to be studied over a six month period. Each patient will serve as his/her own control. Six months of growth data prior to study is required.
NCT00194961 ↗ Effect of Growth Hormone on Leptin, Cytokines and Body Composition of Children With Growth Failure Due to Chronic Kidney Disease Terminated Weill Medical College of Cornell University Phase 4 1969-12-31 Circulating concentrations of cytokines, such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins 1 and 6 are increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In light of the increasing recognition that growth hormone receptor signaling involves cytokine pathway activation, the investigators hypothesize that maladaptation of cytokine regulation in chronic kidney disease may underlie growth failure. Secondly, they hypothesize that administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) will result in growth rate stimulation in pre-pubertal children with growth impairment due to chronic kidney disease by down regulation of the cytokine pathways. This is a non-randomized open-label study to evaluate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone on biochemical/metabolic and immunologic parameters in relation to body composition pre- and post-recombinant human growth hormone therapy of pre-pubertal growth hormone naive children. The efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone to improve growth velocity in pre-pubertal children with growth failure is a secondary objective. Fifteen children are to be studied over a six month period. Each patient will serve as his/her own control. Six months of growth data prior to study is required.
NCT01170754 ↗ Miralax (PEG 3350) vs. Golytely as Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy Completed Temple University Phase 4 2010-04-01 A major limitation to the widespread acceptance of colonoscopy as a procedure to screen for colorectal cancer is the laxative preparation. Phosphate-based preps (e.g. Fleets Phosphosoda) are now used on a limited basis because of their known association with renal injury. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) mixed with a balanced electrolyte solution (e.g. Golytely) has been used for over two decades for colon cleansing. The mixture is not very palatable due to the electrolyte additives which include sodium sulfate. To overcome the limitation of existing preps, gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons worldwide have been using PEG powder alone (same quantity as found in Golytely prep) not mixed with electrolytes (Glycolax or Miralax) and dissolving this into 64 ounces of Gatorade. Conservatively, we estimate that 25% of colonoscopies in the US are being done with this prep. Anecdotally there have been reports (case series) that it is far more palatable and the prep is equally efficacious. The active ingredient, PEG, is not changed and therefore this is not surprising. The issue at present is that there has never been a blinded study to confirm these claims. This study will compare the efficacy of the two preps. There is no funding. The investigators will charge insurance companies for the prep - this is our current practice. The procedures will be done on healthy individuals referred for colon cancer screening and the exam will be billed to their insurance. There will be no patient honorarium. The investigators will check electrolytes to be sure patients do not develop hypokalemia with the Gatorade prep.
NCT01483001 ↗ Feasibility Study on Stem Cells Sensitivity Assay Completed Associazione Oncologia Traslazionale Phase 2 2011-11-01 Lung Cancer (LC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC) are the major killers in oncology, accounting for about 40% of cancer deaths. Although progresses have been made in the last few years, unfortunately no patient with metastatic disease can obtain a definitive cure. A recent hypothesis is that cancer is driven by a small subpopulation of cells called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) or "tumor initiating cells" with an unlimited proliferative potential and the ability to reproduce the original human tumor in experimental animal models. These cells are thought to be responsible for the development of the tumor and represent the only cell population able to sustain tumor growth and progression. Therefore, CSCs represent the elective target for new targeted therapies, endowed with high and selective toxicity towards the tumor but harmless towards normal cells. Current technologies allow us to isolate and expand in vitro the CSCs from tumor specimens, testing their sensitivity to different anticancer drugs in a short period of time. Therefore, there is the potential opportunity to identify LC, CRC and BC CSCs.This is a prospective study assessing feasibility of CSCS isolation in LC, CRC and BC. Patients with a previously performed diagnosis of LC, colon cancer or breast cancer with no further standard therapy options, with a Karnofsky performance status of 100% and with tumor tissue available will be considered eligible for the study. Tumor tissue will be collected before study entry, i.e tissue obtained during a diagnostic or therapeutical procedure, like surgery or biopsies with other purposes than the protocol. In vitro tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs will be tested on tumor cell cultures per each patient. Drugs and their combination will be considered effective and if they kill ≥ 60% of tumor stem cells in vitro test. By using cancer spheres the investigators will also generate orthotopic xenograft models that recapitulate the parental tumor behaviour, including the aggressive features and the invasiveness potential. Orthotopic injection technique will be assessed in 5 weeks-old NOD/SCID mice
NCT01928082 ↗ The Effects of Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Hypercalciuria and Low Bone Mass Terminated University of Chicago Phase 2 2013-08-01 The purpose of this study is to assess if estrogen replacement normalizes urinary calcium excretion in postmenopausal women with hypercalciuria and low bone mass and to assess for differences in response to estrogen replacement in women with familial hypercalciuria compared to nonfamilial hypercalciuria.
NCT02513238 ↗ Mesenchymal Stemcells for Radiation Induced Xerostomia Completed Rigshospitalet, Denmark Phase 2 2015-08-08 The current study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of the injection of autologous adipost tissue derived MSCs on radiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia in head and neck cancer participants. The project can potentially help to develop a clinically relevant treatment option for the growing number of patients suffering from xerostomia after radiotherapy. The development of new therapies is especially important, since only sub-optimal symptomatic treatments are currently available and the symptom of xerostomia greatly reduces the quality of life.
NCT02662374 ↗ Oral Hygiene Regimen in Patients on HCT Unknown status King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center Phase 4 2015-09-01 Oral mucositis is one of the most common debilitating forms of mucositis that arise from high dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is reported that almost 75% patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) develop oral mucositis at different levels of severity. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of the addition of supersaturated calcium phosphate oral spray and the addition of an extra soft tooth brush to the basic OH in addition to the currently existing oral hygiene protocol regimen (0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate + 3% Sodium Bicarbonate+ Nystatin 100000 U/ml) in reducing the severity of oral mucositis among patients receiving chemotherapy for HCT. 60 patients receiving chemotherapy for HCT were randomly allocated to four groups of 15 patients each The oral mucositis was recorded according to WHO criteria and the progression of the oral mucositis was monitored from the day of admission (day - 1) to the day of discharge (day 28). The absolute neutrophil count, platelet counts and salivary flow rate of all patients was recorded.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate

Condition Name

Condition Name for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate
Intervention Trials
Hypercalciuria 1
Hypercalciuria, Familial Idiopathic 1
Hyperkalemia 1
Lung Cancer 1
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate
Intervention Trials
Kidney Diseases 1
Hypercalciuria 1
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia 1
Failure to Thrive 1
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Clinical Trial Locations for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate
Location Trials
United States 3
France 1
Japan 1
Italy 1
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate
Location Trials
Illinois 1
Pennsylvania 1
New York 1
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Clinical Trial Progress for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE2 1
PHASE1 1
Phase 4 3
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 4
Terminated 2
NOT_YET_RECRUITING 2
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate
Sponsor Trials
BeiGene 1
French Innovative Leukemia Organisation 1
Genentech, Inc. 1
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Calcium Chloride; Magnesium Chloride; Potassium Chloride; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Phosphate
Sponsor Trials
Other 8
Industry 4
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Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections for Electrolyte and Buffer Drugs

Last updated: February 20, 2026

Overview

This report assesses clinical trial activity, current market size, competitive landscape, and growth forecasts for six common electrolyte and buffer drugs: Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Chloride, and Sodium Phosphate. Data sources include clinical trial registries, industry reports, and market analysts as of Q1 2023.

Clinical Trial Landscape

Active Clinical Trials

Drug Number of Trials Trial Phases Key Indications Notes
Calcium Chloride 12 I–III Cardiac arrhythmias, calcium replacement Mostly smaller, localized studies
Magnesium Chloride 20 I–III Pre-eclampsia, cardiac issues Focus on neuro-protection and emergency uses
Potassium Chloride 26 I–III Hypokalemia, cardiac rhythm stabilization Larger, diverse patient populations
Sodium Bicarbonate 18 I–III Acid-base correction, metabolic acidosis Several trials for metabolic and emergency uses
Sodium Chloride 25 I–III Fluid replacement, electrolyte balance Many trials tied to IV fluid therapies
Sodium Phosphate 15 I–III Bowel cleansing, phosphate deficiency Frequently focused on bowel prep and renal health

Notable Trends:

  • Most trials focus on acute settings, including cardiology and emergency medicine.
  • An increase in trials for Magnesium Chloride and Sodium Bicarbonate from 2021 onward, indicating renewed clinical interest.
  • Emerging studies on novel formulations or delivery methods, including lipid and nanoparticle-based systems.

Market Size and Competition

Current Market Valuation (2022)

Product Market Value (USD Millions) CAGR (2018–2022) Main Market Segments Top Companies
Calcium Chloride 1,200 4.1% Emergency care, cardiology Baxter, Pfizer, Merck
Magnesium Chloride 900 3.8% Neurology, obstetrics Akorn, GlaxoSmithKline, Sichuan Kelun
Potassium Chloride 3,500 4.5% IV therapy, oral supplements ICU Medical, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim
Sodium Bicarbonate 1,000 3.3% Emergency medicine, dialysis Baxter, Fresenius Medical Care
Sodium Chloride 15,600 3.7% IV fluids, dehydration, dialysis B. Braun, Baxter, Hospira
Sodium Phosphate 600 3.2% Bowel prep, nutritional support Shire, Ferring Pharmaceuticals

Market Dynamics

  • The global electrolyte and buffer market is driven by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, acute care needs, and expanding hospital infrastructures.
  • The market for Sodium Chloride dominates due to its widespread use in IV fluids.
  • Growth rates remain steady but face competition from newer therapies and formulations, especially in the emergency and critical care sectors.

Projections 2023–2028

Product Projected Market Value (USD Millions, 2028) Compound Annual Growth Rate (2023–2028) Key Drivers
Calcium Chloride 1,420 3.9% Increased cardiac monitoring use
Magnesium Chloride 1,050 4.0% Growing obstetrics and neurology applications
Potassium Chloride 4,600 4.3% Rising incidence of electrolyte imbalances
Sodium Bicarbonate 1,245 3.4% Expansion in emergency and dialysis applications
Sodium Chloride 18,500 3.5% Continued hospital use, oncology support
Sodium Phosphate 720 3.0% Further application in bowel prep

Strategic Insights

  • Innovation in delivery methods (e.g., sustained-release formulations, vaccines) may bolster growth.
  • Regulatory pressures on overdose prevention and safety profiles will shape market entrants.
  • The increase in clinical trials suggests ongoing development, possibly leading to new indications and formulations.

Key Takeaways

  • Gas the most supported clinical development activity for potassium chloride and magnesium chloride.
  • Sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate lead the market in volume and revenue, owing to their broad application in hospital settings.
  • Growth is steady across all segments, with potential acceleration due to demographic shifts and intensifying healthcare needs.
  • Competition is fierce among global giants and local players, with innovation focusing on safety and delivery.

FAQs

1. Which electrolyte drug has the most active clinical trials?
Potassium chloride leads with 26 trials, primarily for hypokalemia and cardiac rhythm management.

2. What is the primary market driver for Sodium Chloride?
Widespread use as an IV fluid in hospitals for hydration, medication delivery, and dialysis support.

3. Are there any recent breakthroughs in clinical applications?
Yes, studies on novel Magnesium Chloride formulations for neuroprotection and bioavailability are emerging.

4. What factors threaten market growth?
Regulatory restrictions, safety concerns, and the rise of alternative therapies could limit expansion.

5. Which companies are dominant in this space?
Baxter, Pfizer, Novartis, and B. Braun maintain prominent positions, with several regional manufacturers competing on cost and formulation options.


References

  1. Market Research Future. (2022). Electrolyte and Buffer Solutions Market Report.
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov. (2023). Search results for electrolyte and buffer drug trials.
  3. Industry Data. (2022). Global electrolyte solutions market analysis.
  4. Pfizer Inc. Annual Report. (2022).
  5. Novartis AG. Annual Report. (2022).

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