CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR ANTABUSE

All Clinical Trials for Antabuse

Trial ID	Title	Status	Sponsor	Phase	Start Date	Summary
NCT00149630 ↗	Pharmacogenetics of Disulfiram for Cocaine	Completed	National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)	Phase 2	2005-01-01	Previous research has shown that disulfiram, a medication sometimes used for treating alcoholism, discourages cocaine use among cocaine addicts who are undergoing methadone treatment. By blocking the enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), disulfiram increases levels of dopamine and produces an unpleasant sense of hyperstimulation and discomfort in cocaine users. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of disulfiram in preventing drug relapse among cocaine and opiate addicts with varying inherited levels of DBH.
NCT00149630 ↗	Pharmacogenetics of Disulfiram for Cocaine	Completed	Yale University	Phase 2	2005-01-01	Previous research has shown that disulfiram, a medication sometimes used for treating alcoholism, discourages cocaine use among cocaine addicts who are undergoing methadone treatment. By blocking the enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), disulfiram increases levels of dopamine and produces an unpleasant sense of hyperstimulation and discomfort in cocaine users. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of disulfiram in preventing drug relapse among cocaine and opiate addicts with varying inherited levels of DBH.
NCT00149630 ↗	Pharmacogenetics of Disulfiram for Cocaine	Completed	Baylor College of Medicine	Phase 2	2005-01-01	Previous research has shown that disulfiram, a medication sometimes used for treating alcoholism, discourages cocaine use among cocaine addicts who are undergoing methadone treatment. By blocking the enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), disulfiram increases levels of dopamine and produces an unpleasant sense of hyperstimulation and discomfort in cocaine users. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of disulfiram in preventing drug relapse among cocaine and opiate addicts with varying inherited levels of DBH.
NCT00167232 ↗	Naltrexone in Two Models of Psychosocial Treatments for Cocaine and Alcohol Dependence	Completed	National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)	Phase 3	1998-01-01	The purpose of this study is to see whether naltrexone is safe and useful in preventing alcohol relapse, as well as in decreasing craving for alcohol in people with a diagnosis of alcohol and cocaine dependence. Naltrexone is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of alcohol dependence. However, the medication was not approved as yet at the dosage we will use in this study. The dosage we will use for the study (150 mg), is greater than the recommended dosage from the Physician's Desk Reference (50mg). Unlike other medicines (like Antabuse) useful in the treatment of alcohol dependence, naltrexone will not make you sick if you drink alcohol. Rather, people who are taking this medication have reported that it helps decrease the pleasure associated with drinking for them. This study is being conducted because the medication (Naltrexone) has not been well studied in people with both alcohol and cocaine dependence, so it is still investigational. We believe that if we can reduce alcohol consumption through naltrexone and psychotherapy, this may lead to reduced cocaine use. We are also conducting this study to test two different types of psychotherapy as a method for reducing cocaine and alcohol use. One type of psychotherapy is designed to help people learn to cope with situations that put them at high risk for relapse to cocaine and/or alcohol use. The other type of psychotherapy we will use focuses on strengthening motivation to recover from cocaine and/or alcohol use, and on developing techniques to handle possible barriers to recovery. We seek to enroll 300 patients in the study.

Clinical Trial Conditions for Antabuse

Condition Name

Condition Name for Antabuse
Intervention	Trials
Alcoholism	3
Cocaine Dependence	3
Glioblastoma	3
Covid19	2

Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Antabuse
Intervention	Trials
Alcoholism	6
Cocaine-Related Disorders	5
Glioblastoma	4
Opioid-Related Disorders	2

Clinical Trial Locations for Antabuse

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Antabuse
Location	Trials
United States	18
Denmark	2
Sweden	1
Mexico	1
Israel	1

Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Antabuse
Location	Trials
California	4
New York	3
Arkansas	2
Pennsylvania	2
Wisconsin	1

Clinical Trial Progress for Antabuse

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Antabuse
Clinical Trial Phase	Trials
Phase 4	3
Phase 3	2
Phase 2/Phase 3	2

Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Antabuse
Clinical Trial Phase	Trials
Completed	14
Recruiting	4
Unknown status	3

Clinical Trial Sponsors for Antabuse

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Antabuse
Sponsor	Trials
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)	5
University of California, San Francisco	3
Yale University	3

Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Antabuse
Sponsor	Trials
Other	43
NIH	7
Industry	1

Antabuse: Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections

Introduction to Antabuse

Antabuse, also known as disulfiram, is a drug that has been FDA-approved for deterring alcohol consumption. Originally developed to treat alcohol dependence, recent research has expanded its potential therapeutic applications, including the treatment of certain eye conditions and other disorders.

Clinical Trials Update

Retinitis Pigmentosa and Macular Degeneration

In a significant development, disulfiram has entered clinical trials to assess its efficacy in improving vision in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and macular degeneration. A Phase 1 clinical trial at the University of Washington in Seattle is enrolling 30 participants to test disulfiram's ability to reduce the hyperactivity of retinal ganglion cells, which is believed to improve vision in these patients[1].

A second clinical trial at the University of Rochester Medical Center will focus on patients with macular degeneration and other forms of photoreceptor dystrophy. These trials are based on promising results from a mouse study where disulfiram restored some vision by inhibiting the production of retinoic acid, which contributes to the hyperactivity of retinal ganglion cells[1].

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism behind disulfiram's potential in treating eye conditions involves its ability to inhibit enzymes that produce retinoic acid, thereby reducing the hyperactivity of retinal ganglion cells and the associated sensory noise. This approach, while not a cure for retinal degeneration, helps patients make the most of their remaining photoreceptors[1].

Market Analysis

Current Market Size and Growth

The disulfiram market was estimated at USD 375.19 million in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 392.75 million in 2024, with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.81% to reach USD 521.63 million by 2030[2][5].

Market Drivers

• Growing Awareness and Treatment Options: Increasing awareness about substance abuse treatment options and the role of disulfiram in recovery is driving market growth.
• Ongoing Research and Clinical Trials: Continuous research and clinical trials exploring new therapeutic uses and formulations for disulfiram are expanding its market potential.
• Insurance Coverage: Expansions in insurance coverage for alcohol dependence treatments have broadened access to disulfiram medication[2].

Market Restraints

• Side Effects and Medical Supervision: The requirement for stringent medical supervision due to severe reactions when alcohol is consumed, and potential side effects, are significant restraints.
• Patient Adherence Issues: Compliance issues among patients impact the effectiveness of disulfiram treatments.
• Socio-Cultural and Regulatory Factors: Socio-cultural resistance to treatment and legal regulations can affect distribution and adoption[2].

Market Opportunities

• Emerging Markets: Increasing awareness and access to disulfiram in emerging markets present significant opportunities.
• Research and Development: Investments in clinical trials and the development of long-acting disulfiram formulations are key areas for growth.
• Combination Therapies: Discovering trends in combination therapies featuring disulfiram and other pharmacological agents could further expand its market[2].

Distribution Channels and Patient Population

Distribution Channels

Disulfiram is available through various distribution channels, including hospital pharmacies, online pharmacies, and retail pharmacies. The rising availability of disulfiram in hospital pharmacies, which are often located within medical facilities, is a notable trend[5].

Patient Population

The patient population for disulfiram includes those with alcohol dependence, as well as those with co-occurring disorders. The drug's potential in treating other conditions, such as retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration, is also being explored[5].

Regional Market Analysis

The disulfiram market is analyzed across various regions, including the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and others. Key markets include the United States, Canada, Brazil, China, India, and Japan. Each region presents unique opportunities and challenges based on local healthcare systems, regulatory environments, and patient needs[5].

Competitive Landscape

The disulfiram market is influenced by several factors, including the competitive landscape. Companies such as Adial Pharmaceuticals, Corcept Therapeutics, and Clearmind Medicine are actively working on innovative treatments for alcohol use disorder, which may impact the market dynamics for disulfiram[3].

Pricing and Reimbursement Challenges

Disulfiram faces pricing and reimbursement challenges amidst healthcare cost containment pressures. Assessing these challenges and examining supply chain vulnerabilities are crucial for ensuring patient access to the medication[2].

Key Takeaways

• Clinical Trials: Disulfiram is in clinical trials for treating retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration, showing promise in improving vision.
• Market Growth: The disulfiram market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.81% to reach USD 521.63 million by 2030.
• Market Drivers: Growing awareness, ongoing research, and insurance coverage expansions are driving market growth.
• Market Restraints: Side effects, medical supervision requirements, and patient adherence issues are significant restraints.
• Distribution Channels: Hospital pharmacies, online pharmacies, and retail pharmacies are key distribution channels.

FAQs

What is the primary use of Antabuse (disulfiram)?

Antabuse, or disulfiram, is primarily used to deter alcohol consumption by causing unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed.

What new therapeutic applications are being explored for disulfiram?

Disulfiram is being explored for its potential in treating retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, and other forms of photoreceptor dystrophy.

What is the expected market size of disulfiram by 2030?

The disulfiram market is expected to reach USD 521.63 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 4.81% from 2023 to 2030.

What are the main challenges facing the disulfiram market?

The main challenges include potential side effects, the requirement for stringent medical supervision, patient adherence issues, and socio-cultural and regulatory factors.

How does disulfiram work in treating eye conditions?

Disulfiram works by inhibiting the production of retinoic acid, which reduces the hyperactivity of retinal ganglion cells and the associated sensory noise, thereby improving vision in patients with certain eye conditions.

Sources

1. Fighting Blindness: "Antabuse Moves into Clinical Trial for People with RP"
2. 360iResearch: "Disulfiram Market Size & Share 2025-2030"
3. GlobeNewswire: "Alcohol Use Disorder Market Set for Remarkable Growth During the Study Period (2020–2034)"
4. Ionis: "Ionis Announces Pivotal Phase 3 Trial Design for ION582 in Angelman Syndrome"
5. Research and Markets: "Disulfiram Market Size, Competitors & Forecast to 2030"