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Patent landscape, scope, and claims summary: |
Patent Landscape and Claims Analysis of United States Patent 5,851,795
What does US Patent 5,851,795 cover?
US Patent 5,851,795, issued on December 22, 1998, primarily relates to a method for producing a cyclic peptide displaying a binding epitope and the resulting cyclic peptides with binding specificity. The patent specifically claims methods of synthesis, peptide structures, and their potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.
What are the core claims of US 5,851,795?
Claims Overview
- Method of Producing Cyclic Peptides: The patent claims a process involving the synthesis of peptides on a solid support, followed by cyclization through chemical linkage, typically by disulfide bridges or other covalent bonds.
- Peptide Structures: It protects cyclic peptides with specified amino acid sequences that display high binding affinity toward target molecules.
- Application of Cyclic Peptides: The patent discusses uses in drug development, diagnostic assays, and affinity-binding systems.
Claim Scope Summary
- Method claims include steps such as peptide synthesis, attachment to a solid support, and cyclization procedures.
- Product claims cover cyclic peptides with sequences specified in the patent, emphasizing their stability and binding capabilities.
- Utility claims focus on their applications, especially as molecular recognition elements.
Limitations and Scope
The claims are broad regarding peptide sequences and methods, covering varying amino acid compositions and cyclization techniques. However, they do not extend to all possible cyclization chemistries or peptide sequences outside the disclosed scope.
How does the patent fit into the broader patent landscape?
Prior Art and Related Patents
- Pre-1998 Peptide Cyclization Technologies: Patent filings before 1998 include several methods for peptide cyclization, notably involving disulfide bond formation and backbone cyclization techniques (e.g., U.S. Patent 4,708,716).
- Peptide Display Technologies: Patents such as U.S. Patent 5,744,305 (1998) cover peptide library screening methods, which relate indirectly to the display and identification of binding peptides.
- Phage Display Patent Family: The core patents surrounding phage display (e.g., U.S. Patent 4,703,004, filed in 1984) influence the landscape, especially regarding peptide affinity selection.
Patent Family and Foreign Filings
- The patent belongs to proprietary entities involved in peptide research, with counterparts filed in Europe and Japan, although no direct equivalents are notably active or enforced as of 2023.
- The patent's broad method claims may have been designed to prevent competition in peptide-based binding molecule development.
Overlaps and Non-Obviousness
- The claimed methods intersect with known cyclization techniques but combine them with peptide display claims to secure broad coverage.
- Arguments for non-obviousness center on the specific combination of synthesis steps and peptide structures, though prior art suggests the techniques are incremental.
How relevant is US 5,851,795 to current pharmaceutical or diagnostic development?
Market Applications
- Cyclic peptides are widely used in drug development due to their stability and specificity.
- The patent's claims underpin several later developments in peptide-based therapeutics and molecular recognition systems.
- Many current drugs utilize cyclic peptide scaffolds, but very few rely solely on the proprietary techniques covered by this patent.
Impact on Innovation and Patentability
- The patent's broad claims may have posed barriers until expiration of the initial term in 2016.
- It has influenced subsequent patents related to peptide cyclization and display technologies, contributing to a crowded landscape.
Current Status and Enforcement
- As of 2023, the patent has expired, reducing its impact on active R&D patenting activities.
- The expiration allows free use of the peptide synthesis and cyclic peptide design methods claimed in the patent.
Key Takeaways
- US 5,851,795 covers a specific combination of peptide synthesis, cyclization, and display methods.
- The patent's claims are broad but build incrementally on prior art in peptide chemistry.
- Its expiration has opened pathways for researchers and companies to develop cyclic peptides without patent restrictions.
- The landscape remains competitive, with current innovations built on or around the foundational techniques protected by this patent.
- Understanding the scope and overlaps of this patent aids in designing new peptide therapeutics, avoiding infringement, or leveraging expired patents.
FAQs
1. Is US Patent 5,851,795 still enforceable?
No. The patent expired in 2016, removing enforceability and allowing free use of its techniques.
2. Can I freely develop cyclic peptides based on the claims of this patent?
Yes, since it is expired, the claims are in the public domain.
3. How does this patent compare with current peptide display technologies?
It covers foundational methods for peptide cyclization but does not encompass newer display methods like mRNA display or synthetic libraries.
4. Were there significant legal challenges to this patent during its lifetime?
No publicly documented challenges significantly impacted its validity or scope.
5. How does the patent landscape influence peptide therapeutics?
Patents like US 5,851,795 have historically shaped research directions, but their expiration has stimulated innovation free from prior restrictions.
References
[1] U.S. Patent 5,851,795. (1998). Method of producing cyclic peptides displaying a binding epitope.
[2] Smith, G. P., & Petrenko, V. A. (1997). Phage Display. Chemical Reviews, 97(2), 391–410.
[3] Wu, J., & Seshadri, R. (2008). Recent Advances in Peptide Cyclization. Current Organic Chemistry, 12(8), 927–943.
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