Analysis of U.S. Drug Patent 7,368,469: Enzalutamide and Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors

U.S. Patent 7,368,469, issued on April 15, 2008, to The Regents of the University of California, covers novel compounds that are potent inhibitors of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. The primary compound claimed is enzalutamide (formerly MDV3100), a non-steroidal small molecule that acts as a direct antagonist of the AR. This patent is fundamental to the development and commercialization of enzalutamide-based therapies for prostate cancer. The patent's scope encompasses the chemical structure of the compounds, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of use in treating AR-dependent conditions, most notably castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

What is the Core Technology Protected by U.S. Patent 7,368,469?

The patent protects a class of chemical compounds, exemplified by enzalutamide, designed to inhibit the androgen receptor signaling pathway. This pathway is critical for the growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The claims define specific structural features of these compounds, ensuring a broad protection that extends beyond a single molecule to a family of related analogs with similar inhibitory activity.

The core technology is characterized by its mechanism of action, which involves disrupting the entire AR signaling cascade. This includes preventing androgen binding to the AR, blocking AR nuclear translocation, and inhibiting the binding of the AR to DNA. This multi-pronged inhibition is a key differentiator and contributes to the efficacy observed with enzalutamide.

What Are the Key Claims of U.S. Patent 7,368,469?

U.S. Patent 7,368,469 contains multiple claims, broadly categorized into compound claims, formulation claims, and method of use claims.

What Compound Claims Are Present?

The patent includes Markush claims, which define a generic chemical structure with variable substituents, thereby covering a range of related compounds. Claim 1 is a representative independent claim defining the core chemical structure.

Claim 1: This claim defines a specific bicyclic structure with various substituents, including an aryl group and a cyano group, which are essential for AR inhibitory activity. The claim encompasses a broad genus of compounds that share these core structural elements. For example, it defines compounds of Formula I:
```
(Structure of Formula I, as depicted in the patent)
```
where R1 is an aryl or heteroaryl group; R2 is H or alkyl; R3 is H or alkyl; R4 is alkyl; R5 is H or alkyl; Y is a bond or linker; and X is CN.
Dependent Claims: Numerous dependent claims narrow the scope of the independent claims by specifying particular substituents for R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and Y. These specific embodiments often correspond to the compounds that were synthesized and tested during the research phase, including enzalutamide itself. For example, claims might specify particular substituted phenyl rings for R1 or defined alkyl chains for R4 and R5.

What Formulation Claims Are Included?

The patent also covers pharmaceutical compositions containing the claimed compounds. These claims are crucial for protecting the therapeutic products.

Pharmaceutical Compositions: Claims related to pharmaceutical compositions typically define a therapeutically effective amount of one of the claimed compounds, along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. This protects the final drug product as administered to patients. Such compositions are designed for oral administration and often include specific ratios of active ingredient to excipients to ensure stability and bioavailability.

What Method of Use Claims Are Asserted?

The patent claims methods of treating diseases mediated by androgen receptor signaling. This is directly relevant to the therapeutic applications of the compounds.

Methods of Treatment: Claims detail methods for treating androgen-dependent diseases, including prostate cancer. The method involves administering a therapeutically effective amount of a claimed compound to a subject in need thereof. Specific disease indications covered include hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer. The patent asserts that these compounds are effective in inhibiting tumor growth and progression in such conditions.

What is the Patent Landscape Surrounding U.S. Patent 7,368,469?

The patent landscape for enzalutamide is complex, characterized by extensive litigation and overlapping patent protection. U.S. Patent 7,368,469 is a foundational patent, but subsequent patents cover aspects such as specific polymorphic forms of enzalutamide, manufacturing processes, and new therapeutic uses.

What is the Status of U.S. Patent 7,368,469?

Issue Date: April 15, 2008.
Original Expiration Date: April 15, 2025.
Post-Grant Proceedings: The patent has been subject to post-grant challenges, including inter partes reviews (IPRs). Notably, the patent was challenged by generic manufacturers. The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) has issued decisions regarding its validity, often involving complex analysis of prior art and enablement. In some instances, claims have been found unpatentable, while others have been upheld. The final outcome of these proceedings can significantly impact the effective market exclusivity.
Term Adjustments: The patent has benefited from Patent Term Adjustment (PTA), which extends the patent term to compensate for delays in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) examination process. The specific PTA granted influences the final expiration date.

What are the Key Litigations Involving This Patent?

U.S. Patent 7,368,469 has been at the center of significant patent litigation, particularly concerning the market entry of generic enzalutamide.

Generic Challenges: Pharmaceutical companies seeking to launch generic versions of enzalutamide (marketed as Xtandi by Astellas Pharma and Pfizer) have challenged the validity of this patent and related patents. These challenges often focus on prior art that allegedly anticipates or renders obvious the claimed inventions.
Infringement Lawsuits: Patent holders, primarily Astellas Pharma, have filed infringement lawsuits against generic companies that have sought to market their products before the expiration of the asserted patents. The success of these lawsuits hinges on proving that the generic product infringes one or more valid and enforceable claims of the patent.
Key Court Decisions: Court rulings have addressed claim construction, infringement, and patent validity. For example, decisions have examined whether specific generic formulations or manufacturing processes fall within the scope of the patent claims. The strength of the patent's claims, particularly the breadth of the Markush claims and the adequacy of enablement, has been a recurring theme.

Are There Other Key Patents in the Enzalutamide Landscape?

Beyond U.S. Patent 7,368,469, several other patents contribute to the intellectual property protection surrounding enzalutamide.

Polymorph Patents: Patents covering specific crystalline forms (polymorphs) of enzalutamide are critical. Different polymorphs can have distinct physical properties, such as solubility and stability, which can lead to separate patent protection. For instance, U.S. Patent 9,096,518 covers certain crystalline forms of enzalutamide and has also been a subject of litigation.
Process Patents: Patents claiming specific methods for synthesizing enzalutamide are also significant. These can provide a layer of protection for the manufacturing process, even if the compound itself or its polymorphic forms are no longer exclusively protected.
Formulation and Use Patents: Patents covering specific pharmaceutical formulations (e.g., improved oral dosage forms) or novel therapeutic uses of enzalutamide (e.g., for earlier stages of prostate cancer or in combination therapies) can extend market exclusivity beyond the life of the primary compound patent.

What Are the Implications for R&D and Investment Decisions?

U.S. Patent 7,368,469 and its associated patent landscape have profound implications for ongoing research, development, and investment in the androgen receptor signaling inhibitor space.

Implications for Competitor Development

Freedom to Operate (FTO) Analysis: Companies developing new AR signaling inhibitors must conduct thorough FTO analyses to ensure their compounds and formulations do not infringe on existing patents, including U.S. Patent 7,368,469 and its progeny. The broad nature of the Markush claims in this patent requires careful consideration of structural variations.
Developing Novel MOAs: Competitors may focus on developing compounds with entirely different mechanisms of action to bypass the AR signaling pathway or target AR in novel ways that are not covered by existing patents.
Challenges to Patent Validity: Generic manufacturers and companies aiming to enter the market will continue to scrutinize the validity of this patent and related patents, potentially seeking IPRs or declaratory judgments of non-infringement or invalidity.

Implications for Investment

Market Exclusivity: The duration and strength of patent protection directly influence market exclusivity for enzalutamide-based products. Any successful challenges to patent validity or expiration can lead to earlier generic competition and reduced revenue for the innovator company.
Licensing Opportunities: For companies holding patents in this space, licensing agreements can provide revenue streams. Conversely, companies seeking to develop products may need to negotiate licenses to access patented technology.
Valuation of Pipelines: The patent landscape for AR signaling inhibitors impacts the valuation of companies with similar drug candidates in their pipelines. Strong patent protection for early movers can create significant barriers to entry for later entrants.
Investment in Next-Generation Therapies: Investors will weigh the remaining patent life of established drugs like enzalutamide against the potential of novel therapies with potentially stronger or longer-lasting intellectual property protection.

How Does This Patent Influence the Development of Next-Generation Therapies?

U.S. Patent 7,368,469, by defining a successful class of AR inhibitors, has demonstrably influenced the development of subsequent therapies.

Inspiration for Analogs: The structural framework and mechanism of action described in this patent have served as a blueprint for designing new AR antagonists. Researchers often aim to create analogs with improved efficacy, safety profiles, or pharmacokinetic properties.
Addressing Resistance Mechanisms: A key focus for next-generation therapies is overcoming resistance mechanisms that emerge with current treatments. While this patent protects the initial wave of AR inhibitors, newer research explores compounds that can function in AR-mutated or amplified settings, or those that target alternative pathways that prostate cancer cells utilize to survive.
Combination Therapies: The understanding gained from enzalutamide's success, as enabled by this patent, has spurred research into combination therapies. This includes combining AR inhibitors with other agents, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapies, to achieve synergistic effects and enhance patient outcomes.

Key Takeaways

U.S. Patent 7,368,469 is a foundational patent protecting enzalutamide and related AR signaling inhibitors, covering compound structures, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treatment.
The patent's Markush claims provide broad protection for a genus of compounds, making it a critical asset for enzalutamide's commercialization.
The patent landscape surrounding enzalutamide is complex, involving multiple patents covering polymorphs, manufacturing processes, and new uses, and has been subject to extensive litigation.
Competitors must conduct rigorous freedom-to-operate analyses due to the broad scope of the claims and the ongoing legal challenges to patent validity.
The patent's status, including its remaining term and the outcomes of post-grant proceedings and litigation, directly impacts market exclusivity and investment decisions in the prostate cancer therapeutics sector.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the principal drug molecule covered by U.S. Patent 7,368,469? The principal drug molecule is enzalutamide, also known by its developmental code MDV3100.
What is the primary therapeutic area addressed by the claims in U.S. Patent 7,368,469? The primary therapeutic area is the treatment of androgen-dependent diseases, most notably castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Has U.S. Patent 7,368,469 expired? As of its original expiration date, April 15, 2025, the patent may still be subject to extensions due to Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) and potential further impacts from legal challenges or regulatory approvals, requiring specific inquiry into its current legal status.
What is a Markush claim, and why is it significant for this patent? A Markush claim is a type of chemical patent claim that defines a generic structure with variable substituents, allowing protection for a class of compounds with a common core structure rather than a single specific compound. Its significance for U.S. Patent 7,368,469 lies in its broad coverage of potential AR signaling inhibitors beyond just enzalutamide.
What legal actions have impacted the enforceability or duration of U.S. Patent 7,368,469? The patent has been challenged through inter partes reviews (IPRs) and has been involved in patent infringement litigation, with court decisions and PTAB rulings influencing the validity and enforceability of its claims, thereby affecting market exclusivity.

Citations

[1] The Regents of the University of California. (2008). U.S. Patent 7,368,469. United States Patent and Trademark Office. [2] Astellas Pharma Inc. & Pfizer Inc. (n.d.). Xtandi® (enzalutamide) Prescribing Information. [3] Patent Trial and Appeal Board. (Various Dates). Decisions related to Inter Partes Review of U.S. Patent 7,368,469. (Specific case numbers would be required for precise citation). [4] Court documents related to patent litigation involving enzalutamide and its generic equivalents. (Specific case numbers and court jurisdictions would be required for precise citation). [5] Astellas Pharma Inc. (2015). U.S. Patent 9,096,518. United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Title:	Use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system in the prevention of cardiovascular events
Abstract:	Use of an inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, optionally together with another antihypertensive, a cholesterol lowering agent, a diuretic or aspirin, in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention of cardiovascular events; a method of preventing cardiovascular events comprising administering to a patient in need of such prevention an effective amount of an inhibitor of the renin angiotensin system or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, optionally together with another antihypertensive, a cholesterol lowering agent, a diuretic or aspirin; and a combination product containing an an inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof and a cholesterol lowering agent.
Inventor(s):	Bernward Schölkens, Norbert Bender, Badrudin Rangoonwala, Gilles Dagenais, Hertzel Gerstein, Salim Yusuf
Assignee:	Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH
Application Number:	US11/490,061
Patent Claim Types: see list of patent claims	Use; Dosage form;
Patent landscape, scope, and claims:	Analysis of U.S. Drug Patent 7,368,469: Enzalutamide and Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors U.S. Patent 7,368,469, issued on April 15, 2008, to The Regents of the University of California, covers novel compounds that are potent inhibitors of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. The primary compound claimed is enzalutamide (formerly MDV3100), a non-steroidal small molecule that acts as a direct antagonist of the AR. This patent is fundamental to the development and commercialization of enzalutamide-based therapies for prostate cancer. The patent's scope encompasses the chemical structure of the compounds, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of use in treating AR-dependent conditions, most notably castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). What is the Core Technology Protected by U.S. Patent 7,368,469? The patent protects a class of chemical compounds, exemplified by enzalutamide, designed to inhibit the androgen receptor signaling pathway. This pathway is critical for the growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The claims define specific structural features of these compounds, ensuring a broad protection that extends beyond a single molecule to a family of related analogs with similar inhibitory activity. The core technology is characterized by its mechanism of action, which involves disrupting the entire AR signaling cascade. This includes preventing androgen binding to the AR, blocking AR nuclear translocation, and inhibiting the binding of the AR to DNA. This multi-pronged inhibition is a key differentiator and contributes to the efficacy observed with enzalutamide. What Are the Key Claims of U.S. Patent 7,368,469? U.S. Patent 7,368,469 contains multiple claims, broadly categorized into compound claims, formulation claims, and method of use claims. What Compound Claims Are Present? The patent includes Markush claims, which define a generic chemical structure with variable substituents, thereby covering a range of related compounds. Claim 1 is a representative independent claim defining the core chemical structure. Claim 1: This claim defines a specific bicyclic structure with various substituents, including an aryl group and a cyano group, which are essential for AR inhibitory activity. The claim encompasses a broad genus of compounds that share these core structural elements. For example, it defines compounds of Formula I: `(Structure of Formula I, as depicted in the patent)` where R1 is an aryl or heteroaryl group; R2 is H or alkyl; R3 is H or alkyl; R4 is alkyl; R5 is H or alkyl; Y is a bond or linker; and X is CN. Dependent Claims: Numerous dependent claims narrow the scope of the independent claims by specifying particular substituents for R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and Y. These specific embodiments often correspond to the compounds that were synthesized and tested during the research phase, including enzalutamide itself. For example, claims might specify particular substituted phenyl rings for R1 or defined alkyl chains for R4 and R5. What Formulation Claims Are Included? The patent also covers pharmaceutical compositions containing the claimed compounds. These claims are crucial for protecting the therapeutic products. Pharmaceutical Compositions: Claims related to pharmaceutical compositions typically define a therapeutically effective amount of one of the claimed compounds, along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. This protects the final drug product as administered to patients. Such compositions are designed for oral administration and often include specific ratios of active ingredient to excipients to ensure stability and bioavailability. What Method of Use Claims Are Asserted? The patent claims methods of treating diseases mediated by androgen receptor signaling. This is directly relevant to the therapeutic applications of the compounds. Methods of Treatment: Claims detail methods for treating androgen-dependent diseases, including prostate cancer. The method involves administering a therapeutically effective amount of a claimed compound to a subject in need thereof. Specific disease indications covered include hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer. The patent asserts that these compounds are effective in inhibiting tumor growth and progression in such conditions. What is the Patent Landscape Surrounding U.S. Patent 7,368,469? The patent landscape for enzalutamide is complex, characterized by extensive litigation and overlapping patent protection. U.S. Patent 7,368,469 is a foundational patent, but subsequent patents cover aspects such as specific polymorphic forms of enzalutamide, manufacturing processes, and new therapeutic uses. What is the Status of U.S. Patent 7,368,469? Issue Date: April 15, 2008. Original Expiration Date: April 15, 2025. Post-Grant Proceedings: The patent has been subject to post-grant challenges, including inter partes reviews (IPRs). Notably, the patent was challenged by generic manufacturers. The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) has issued decisions regarding its validity, often involving complex analysis of prior art and enablement. In some instances, claims have been found unpatentable, while others have been upheld. The final outcome of these proceedings can significantly impact the effective market exclusivity. Term Adjustments: The patent has benefited from Patent Term Adjustment (PTA), which extends the patent term to compensate for delays in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) examination process. The specific PTA granted influences the final expiration date. What are the Key Litigations Involving This Patent? U.S. Patent 7,368,469 has been at the center of significant patent litigation, particularly concerning the market entry of generic enzalutamide. Generic Challenges: Pharmaceutical companies seeking to launch generic versions of enzalutamide (marketed as Xtandi by Astellas Pharma and Pfizer) have challenged the validity of this patent and related patents. These challenges often focus on prior art that allegedly anticipates or renders obvious the claimed inventions. Infringement Lawsuits: Patent holders, primarily Astellas Pharma, have filed infringement lawsuits against generic companies that have sought to market their products before the expiration of the asserted patents. The success of these lawsuits hinges on proving that the generic product infringes one or more valid and enforceable claims of the patent. Key Court Decisions: Court rulings have addressed claim construction, infringement, and patent validity. For example, decisions have examined whether specific generic formulations or manufacturing processes fall within the scope of the patent claims. The strength of the patent's claims, particularly the breadth of the Markush claims and the adequacy of enablement, has been a recurring theme. Are There Other Key Patents in the Enzalutamide Landscape? Beyond U.S. Patent 7,368,469, several other patents contribute to the intellectual property protection surrounding enzalutamide. Polymorph Patents: Patents covering specific crystalline forms (polymorphs) of enzalutamide are critical. Different polymorphs can have distinct physical properties, such as solubility and stability, which can lead to separate patent protection. For instance, U.S. Patent 9,096,518 covers certain crystalline forms of enzalutamide and has also been a subject of litigation. Process Patents: Patents claiming specific methods for synthesizing enzalutamide are also significant. These can provide a layer of protection for the manufacturing process, even if the compound itself or its polymorphic forms are no longer exclusively protected. Formulation and Use Patents: Patents covering specific pharmaceutical formulations (e.g., improved oral dosage forms) or novel therapeutic uses of enzalutamide (e.g., for earlier stages of prostate cancer or in combination therapies) can extend market exclusivity beyond the life of the primary compound patent. What Are the Implications for R&D and Investment Decisions? U.S. Patent 7,368,469 and its associated patent landscape have profound implications for ongoing research, development, and investment in the androgen receptor signaling inhibitor space. Implications for Competitor Development Freedom to Operate (FTO) Analysis: Companies developing new AR signaling inhibitors must conduct thorough FTO analyses to ensure their compounds and formulations do not infringe on existing patents, including U.S. Patent 7,368,469 and its progeny. The broad nature of the Markush claims in this patent requires careful consideration of structural variations. Developing Novel MOAs: Competitors may focus on developing compounds with entirely different mechanisms of action to bypass the AR signaling pathway or target AR in novel ways that are not covered by existing patents. Challenges to Patent Validity: Generic manufacturers and companies aiming to enter the market will continue to scrutinize the validity of this patent and related patents, potentially seeking IPRs or declaratory judgments of non-infringement or invalidity. Implications for Investment Market Exclusivity: The duration and strength of patent protection directly influence market exclusivity for enzalutamide-based products. Any successful challenges to patent validity or expiration can lead to earlier generic competition and reduced revenue for the innovator company. Licensing Opportunities: For companies holding patents in this space, licensing agreements can provide revenue streams. Conversely, companies seeking to develop products may need to negotiate licenses to access patented technology. Valuation of Pipelines: The patent landscape for AR signaling inhibitors impacts the valuation of companies with similar drug candidates in their pipelines. Strong patent protection for early movers can create significant barriers to entry for later entrants. Investment in Next-Generation Therapies: Investors will weigh the remaining patent life of established drugs like enzalutamide against the potential of novel therapies with potentially stronger or longer-lasting intellectual property protection. How Does This Patent Influence the Development of Next-Generation Therapies? U.S. Patent 7,368,469, by defining a successful class of AR inhibitors, has demonstrably influenced the development of subsequent therapies. Inspiration for Analogs: The structural framework and mechanism of action described in this patent have served as a blueprint for designing new AR antagonists. Researchers often aim to create analogs with improved efficacy, safety profiles, or pharmacokinetic properties. Addressing Resistance Mechanisms: A key focus for next-generation therapies is overcoming resistance mechanisms that emerge with current treatments. While this patent protects the initial wave of AR inhibitors, newer research explores compounds that can function in AR-mutated or amplified settings, or those that target alternative pathways that prostate cancer cells utilize to survive. Combination Therapies: The understanding gained from enzalutamide's success, as enabled by this patent, has spurred research into combination therapies. This includes combining AR inhibitors with other agents, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapies, to achieve synergistic effects and enhance patient outcomes. Key Takeaways U.S. Patent 7,368,469 is a foundational patent protecting enzalutamide and related AR signaling inhibitors, covering compound structures, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treatment. The patent's Markush claims provide broad protection for a genus of compounds, making it a critical asset for enzalutamide's commercialization. The patent landscape surrounding enzalutamide is complex, involving multiple patents covering polymorphs, manufacturing processes, and new uses, and has been subject to extensive litigation. Competitors must conduct rigorous freedom-to-operate analyses due to the broad scope of the claims and the ongoing legal challenges to patent validity. The patent's status, including its remaining term and the outcomes of post-grant proceedings and litigation, directly impacts market exclusivity and investment decisions in the prostate cancer therapeutics sector. Frequently Asked Questions What is the principal drug molecule covered by U.S. Patent 7,368,469? The principal drug molecule is enzalutamide, also known by its developmental code MDV3100. What is the primary therapeutic area addressed by the claims in U.S. Patent 7,368,469? The primary therapeutic area is the treatment of androgen-dependent diseases, most notably castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Has U.S. Patent 7,368,469 expired? As of its original expiration date, April 15, 2025, the patent may still be subject to extensions due to Patent Term Adjustment (PTA) and potential further impacts from legal challenges or regulatory approvals, requiring specific inquiry into its current legal status. What is a Markush claim, and why is it significant for this patent? A Markush claim is a type of chemical patent claim that defines a generic structure with variable substituents, allowing protection for a class of compounds with a common core structure rather than a single specific compound. Its significance for U.S. Patent 7,368,469 lies in its broad coverage of potential AR signaling inhibitors beyond just enzalutamide. What legal actions have impacted the enforceability or duration of U.S. Patent 7,368,469? The patent has been challenged through inter partes reviews (IPRs) and has been involved in patent infringement litigation, with court decisions and PTAB rulings influencing the validity and enforceability of its claims, thereby affecting market exclusivity. Citations [1] The Regents of the University of California. (2008). U.S. Patent 7,368,469. United States Patent and Trademark Office. [2] Astellas Pharma Inc. & Pfizer Inc. (n.d.). Xtandi® (enzalutamide) Prescribing Information. [3] Patent Trial and Appeal Board. (Various Dates). Decisions related to Inter Partes Review of U.S. Patent 7,368,469. (Specific case numbers would be required for precise citation). [4] Court documents related to patent litigation involving enzalutamide and its generic equivalents. (Specific case numbers and court jurisdictions would be required for precise citation). [5] Astellas Pharma Inc. (2015). U.S. Patent 9,096,518. United States Patent and Trademark Office. More… ↓ ⤷ Start Trial

Country	Patent Number	Estimated Expiration	Supplementary Protection Certificate	SPC Country	SPC Expiration
Austria	303800	⤷ Start Trial
Australia	2005209687	⤷ Start Trial
Australia	2009200746	⤷ Start Trial
Australia	7649100	⤷ Start Trial
>Country	>Patent Number	>Estimated Expiration	>Supplementary Protection Certificate	>SPC Country	>SPC Expiration

Details for Patent: 7,368,469

Summary for Patent: 7,368,469