Last Updated: June 27, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; TROMETHAMINE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Dosage NCT00266786 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Intranasal Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Following Major Abdominal Surgery Completed Egalet Ltd Phase 3 2005-12-01 Ketorolac has been marketed for several years in other forms (tablet and injectable) for the short-term relief of pain. This study will test whether a new dosage form (nasal spray) containing ketorolac is effective at relieving the pain of major abdominal surgery, and will also assess product safety. Previous studies with the nasal spray have suggested that it is similar to the previously approved injectable form in effectiveness for pain relief and in its safety profile. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intranasal ketorolac or placebo when the pain reaches a moderate level (40 on a scale of 100) following surgery. After the first dose, subjects will receive study drug every 6 hours for 48 hours, and then as needed (up to 4 times a day) for a total of 5 days. If pain is not adequately relieved by the study drug, subjects will be given morphine sulfate or other standard analgesics. Follow-up safety evaluations will occur about 1 and 2 weeks after the start of dosing. Subjects will be asked to answer questions about their pain relief and any possible side effects of the drug during the study, and will be given physical examinations, including nasal evaluations, before and during the clinical trial. A small amount of blood will be drawn for routine clinical laboratory testing.
New Dosage NCT00266786 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Intranasal Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Following Major Abdominal Surgery Completed Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2005-12-01 Ketorolac has been marketed for several years in other forms (tablet and injectable) for the short-term relief of pain. This study will test whether a new dosage form (nasal spray) containing ketorolac is effective at relieving the pain of major abdominal surgery, and will also assess product safety. Previous studies with the nasal spray have suggested that it is similar to the previously approved injectable form in effectiveness for pain relief and in its safety profile. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intranasal ketorolac or placebo when the pain reaches a moderate level (40 on a scale of 100) following surgery. After the first dose, subjects will receive study drug every 6 hours for 48 hours, and then as needed (up to 4 times a day) for a total of 5 days. If pain is not adequately relieved by the study drug, subjects will be given morphine sulfate or other standard analgesics. Follow-up safety evaluations will occur about 1 and 2 weeks after the start of dosing. Subjects will be asked to answer questions about their pain relief and any possible side effects of the drug during the study, and will be given physical examinations, including nasal evaluations, before and during the clinical trial. A small amount of blood will be drawn for routine clinical laboratory testing.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00001698 ↗ Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase IIB Trial of Ketorolac Mouth Rinse Evaluating the Effect of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on Oropharyngeal Leukoplakia: Collaborative Study of the NCI, NIDCD and the NIDCR Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 1998-06-01 In Phase II trials, treatment with ketorolac tromethamine oral rinse has been shown to block periodontal disease progression even in the absence of standard clinical intervention such as scaling and root planing which is routinely done to reduce the periodontal pathogen load that is driving the local destructive host inflammatory response. Resolution of periodontal disease has a favorable effect on normalizing the cellular and biochemical indices of inflammation as reflected by histological changes as well as the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin I beta (IL-1beta). In this trial, we will prospectively evaluate if eliminating the inflammatory process (via inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis) in the oral cavity has a favorable impact on reversing oropharyngeal leukoplakia. To test this hypothesis, up to 57 prospectively identified individuals with objective findings of oropharyngeal leukoplakia will be randomized to receive either a mouth rinse containing ketorolac or placebo. Ketorolac is a 7-fold selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), which has been designed for local delivery to maximize the drug exposure to critical oral target tissues while minimizing gastric and systemic exposure to the drug. All responses will be determined at the three month completion of trial using the response criteria developed at MD Anderson Cancer Center. The drug will be given for three months and then all the patients will be followed for one additional month off all oral treatment to observe for late side effects. Based on the analysis of oral exam and photographically documented change in the pretreatment area of leukoplakia, the response of all patients will be determined. The evaluation of the outcome will include a measurable secondary endpoint consisting of an assessment of histological change as determined by serial punch biopsies of the oral cavity. In addition, a panel of carcinogenesis and inflammatory markers will be serially measured at baseline, at one month follow up or at study conclusion. In the residual tissue, other bioassays will be evaluated to determine their suitability as intermediate endpoint markers. The purpose of this study is a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of ketorolac as a potential chemoprevention agent for oropharyngeal cancer. If ketorolac administration in this preliminary Phase IIB trial is associated with reversal of leukoplakia, then a definitive Phase III chemoprevention trial with a cancer reduction endpoint (most likely in a cooperative group-type setting) may be the next validation step.
NCT00111956 ↗ Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Alpha Antagonism in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Completed Massachusetts General Hospital Phase 2/Phase 3 2004-04-01 Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased inflammatory cytokines and reduced adiponectin, that may be mediated in part by TNF production from abdominal fat. We reasoned that an anti-TNF agent would reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and increase adiponectin, improving the inflammatory milieu associated with metabolic syndrome.
NCT00111956 ↗ Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Alpha Antagonism in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Completed National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Phase 2/Phase 3 2004-04-01 Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased inflammatory cytokines and reduced adiponectin, that may be mediated in part by TNF production from abdominal fat. We reasoned that an anti-TNF agent would reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and increase adiponectin, improving the inflammatory milieu associated with metabolic syndrome.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine

Condition Name

Condition Name for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine
Intervention Trials
Postoperative Pain 7
Pain 6
Cataract 4
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine
Intervention Trials
Pain, Postoperative 16
Cataract 9
Macular Edema 6
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Clinical Trial Locations for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine
Location Trials
United States 80
China 16
Brazil 7
United Kingdom 5
Egypt 4
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine
Location Trials
California 9
Pennsylvania 7
New York 5
North Carolina 5
Florida 5
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Clinical Trial Progress for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE1 4
Phase 4 20
Phase 3 14
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 63
Unknown status 7
Recruiting 5
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine
Sponsor Trials
Egalet Ltd 11
Luitpold Pharmaceuticals 9
Mateon Therapeutics 4
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine
Sponsor Trials
Other 61
Industry 43
NIH 5
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Last updated: May 20, 2026

Potassium Chloride; Sodium Chloride; Tromethamine Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis and Forecast (2024-2035)

Quick answer: Where is potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine headed and what drives demand?

Potassium chloride + sodium chloride + tromethamine is a fixed combination used to correct/maintain electrolytes and address metabolic acidosis risk in clinical settings where parenteral fluid therapy is indicated. Commercial demand is driven by hospital utilization of IV electrolyte replacement and acidosis management protocols, seasonal and epidemiology-linked admissions, and supply continuity for hospital-administered parenteral products.

This update and forecast cannot be completed to the required standard because no drug-specific dataset is provided (no brand name, NDA/ANDA/BLA identifiers, label strengths, route, dosage form, FDA approval history, active ingredient ratios, trial registry links, sponsor names, or geography). Without those, clinical trial mapping, Orange Book status, exclusivity windows, competitor landscape, and revenue forecasts would be non-actionable and risk being incorrect.

Which clinical trials are testing potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine right now?

A complete “clinical trials update” requires linking the combination to specific registered studies (ClinicalTrials.gov / EU CTR) by exact formulation and route, then reporting: phase, enrollment, endpoints, recruiting status, data-readout timing, and sponsor/manufacturer relationships.

No such study-level identifiers were supplied, so the trials list, status, and momentum profile cannot be produced to a litigation- and R&D-grade standard.

What endpoints are typically used in IV electrolyte plus alkalinizing buffer trials?

For this drug class, trials often track:

  • Serum electrolytes (K+, Na+) normalization and time-to-stability
  • Blood gas metrics (pH, bicarbonate, base excess)
  • Safety outcomes (hyperkalemia/hyponatremia, infusion reactions, acid-base shifts)
  • Hemodynamic and ICU workflow endpoints (time to physiologic correction, length of stay)

A trials-specific update requires the exact regimen to confirm which endpoints were actually selected by sponsors for this combination.

What is the market size for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine and how fast is it growing?

A defensible market analysis requires:

  • Assigned product identity (brand/NDC/strength and pack)
  • Geography (US, EU5, Japan, GCC, LATAM, etc.)
  • Channel scope (hospital-only vs broader distribution)
  • Revenue definition (net sales of the branded product vs total combination class)

No product-level identifiers were provided, so any market size and growth rate would be speculative.

Market drivers that usually move utilization

Demand typically rises with:

  • ICU admissions and sepsis/metabolic acidosis management volume
  • Perioperative protocols using IV electrolyte replacement
  • ER volume and trauma-related resuscitation practices
  • Formulary adoption linked to local guideline pathways and pharmacy purchasing patterns

A forecast must be anchored to actual product shipment/reimbursement patterns, which cannot be derived without the product identity.

How does this combination compare with other IV electrolyte and acidosis treatment options?

A comparative analysis needs the closest therapeutic substitutes, such as:

  • Standalone IV potassium and sodium salts
  • Buffer systems used to correct acidosis (eg, sodium bicarbonate regimens)
  • Balanced crystalloids with different electrolyte compositions
  • Commercial combination products in the same indication space

No formulation/brand identifiers were provided, so the substitute set cannot be mapped precisely.

Where do formulation differences usually matter?

For IV electrolyte therapy plus alkalinization, key differentiators include:

  • Electrolyte ratios and concentrations (K+/Na+ balance)
  • Buffer capacity and pH/osmolality effects
  • Stability, compatibility, and infusion constraints (catheter size, admixture compatibility)
  • Label-defined indications and contraindications

A competitor comparison must be aligned to labeled compositions and approved indications.

When does potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine lose exclusivity in the US?

Exclusivity and patent-loss timelines require:

  • Exact FDA listing (NDA number or ANDA/BLA where applicable)
  • Orange Book patent and exclusivity codes (drug substance, drug product, method-of-use where relevant)
  • Associated periods: 3-year/5-year/7-year exclusivity, pediatric exclusivity, and patent expiry dates

No NDA/Orange Book identifier was provided, so exclusivity loss cannot be calculated.

What is the Orange Book status of the specific combination product?

Orange Book status needs:

  • Listed patents for the relevant active moieties and dosage forms
  • Patent numbers, expiration dates, and listing types

This cannot be produced without the exact FDA product record.

What patent estate protects potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine formulations and methods of use?

A patent-structured estate requires:

  • Exact US patent numbers tied to the formulation (or method)
  • Claims scope mapping (composition vs method-of-use vs manufacturing)
  • Assignee history and continuations

No product or patent identifiers were supplied, so an estate map is not possible.

How strong is the patent estate for this combination product?

“Strength” must be quantified using:

  • Number of granted patents still active by jurisdiction
  • Claim breadth indicators (independent claim count and claim scope)
  • Litigation/ANDA/PAR IV history
  • In-force status by key expiries and terminal disclaimers

No patent list was provided, preventing a strength scoring model.

Are there any Paragraph IV challenges or biosimilar-style risks for this combination?

For small-molecule combination IV products, the generic risk primarily comes from:

  • ANDA Paragraph IV certifications (where a reference listed drug exists)
  • Pediatric exclusivity timing
  • Patent carveouts and authorized generic possibilities

A Paragraph IV landscape requires exact FDA RLD identification and certification history. None was provided.

What regulatory pathway does potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine use and what approvals exist?

A regulatory analysis requires:

  • FDA application type (NDA vs ANDA cross-reference)
  • Approval dates
  • Label indications, dose and strength ranges, and route
  • Manufacturing site approvals and any recent FDA actions

No application record was supplied, so this section cannot be completed.

Clinical development pipeline: what trials could expand indications or change dosing?

A pipeline view requires:

  • New trials by sponsors
  • Protocol changes (dose, infusion duration, patient populations)
  • Readouts that could trigger label expansion, switching from inpatient-only, or combination-with-device or admixture changes

No trial identifiers were provided.

Commercial forecast: revenue projection scenarios for the next 5 to 10 years

A revenue projection model needs at least:

  • Baseline annual sales for the specific product (or a credible proxy)
  • Expected competitive entry timing (generic/authorized generic)
  • Price erosion assumptions tied to ANDA timing
  • Utilization growth rates by geography and hospital penetration

Because no product identity and baseline sales source were provided, numeric forecasts cannot be produced without fabricating inputs.

Key risks to the market outlook

For this combination class, recurring risks include:

  • Generic entry and price erosion after patent/exclusivity expiry
  • Supply chain disruptions for raw material or manufacturing capacity
  • Label restriction changes based on post-market safety signals
  • Formulary substitution to alternative electrolyte/buffer protocols

Quantification requires product-specific exclusivity and competitive entry timing, which is not available here.


Key Takeaways

  • Potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine demand is primarily hospital-driven, tied to IV electrolyte replacement and metabolic acidosis management protocols.
  • A clinical trials update, exclusivity/patent timeline, Orange Book status, and revenue forecast cannot be produced to an actionable standard without product-specific identifiers (FDA RLD/brand, strengths, and regulatory references).
  • The critical workstreams for a decision-grade analysis are: mapping exact formulation to FDA listings, extracting Orange Book patents and exclusivity, and then aligning trial registry entries to the same formulation.

FAQs

  1. What are the labeled indications and dosing details for potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine in the US?
  2. Which alternative IV electrolyte and acidosis regimens compete with potassium chloride; sodium chloride; tromethamine?
  3. How do hospital formularies typically decide between fixed combinations and separate electrolyte/buffer components?
  4. What generic entry triggers price erosion for parenteral electrolyte-buffer combinations in the US?
  5. What safety endpoints matter most for IV potassium and sodium replacement combined with tromethamine buffering?

References (APA)

  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Orange Book: Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/
  2. U.S. National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/

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