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Last Updated: December 16, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for mycophenolate mofetil

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT00717470 ↗ A Study in Kidney Transplant Subjects to Investigate the Optimal Suppression of Immunity to Help Prevent Kidney Rejection Completed Astellas Pharma Inc Phase 4 2008-05-14 To compare how well the new formulation of Tacrolimus® used once daily, in combination with other drugs helps prevent the rejection of a new kidney after transplantation compared to the twice daily dose of Tacrolimus
New Combination NCT03249831 ↗ A Blood Stem Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease Recruiting California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Phase 1 2019-01-04 Blood stem cells can produce red blood cells (which carry oxygen), white blood cells of the immune system (which fight infections) and platelets (which help the blood clot). Patients with sickle cell disease produce abnormal red blood cells. A blood stem cell transplant from a donor is a treatment option for patients with severe sickle cell disease. The donor can be healthy or have the sickle cell trait. The blood stem cell transplant will be given to the patient as an intravenous infusion (IV). The donor blood stem cells will then make normal red blood cells - as well as other types of blood cells - in the patient. When blood cells from two people co-exist in the patient, this is called mixed chimerism. Most children are successfully treated with blood stem cells from a sibling (brother/sister) who completely shares their tissue type (full-matched donor). However, transplant is not an option for patients who (1) have serious medical problems, and/or (2) do not have a full-matched donor. Most patients will have a relative who shares half of their tissue type (e.g. parent, child, and brother/sister) and can be a donor (half-matched or haploidentical donor). Adult patients with severe sickle cell disease were successfully treated with a half-matched transplant in a clinical study. Researchers would like to make half-matched transplant an option for more patients by (1) improving transplant success and (2) reducing transplanted-related complications. This research transplant is being tested in this Pilot study for the first time. It is different from a standard transplant because: 1. Half-matched related donors will be used, and 2. A new combination of drugs (chemotherapy) that does not completely wipe out the bone marrow cells (non-myeloablative treatment) will be used to prepare the patient for transplant, and 3. Most of the donor CD4+ T cells (a type of immune cells) will be removed (depleted) before giving the blood stem cell transplant to the patient to improve transplant outcomes. It is hoped that the research transplant: 1. Will reverse sickle cell disease and improve patient quality of life, 2. Will reduce side effects and help the patient recover faster from the transplant, 3. Help the patient keep the transplant longer and 4. Reduce serious transplant-related complications.
New Combination NCT03249831 ↗ A Blood Stem Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease Recruiting City of Hope Medical Center Phase 1 2019-01-04 Blood stem cells can produce red blood cells (which carry oxygen), white blood cells of the immune system (which fight infections) and platelets (which help the blood clot). Patients with sickle cell disease produce abnormal red blood cells. A blood stem cell transplant from a donor is a treatment option for patients with severe sickle cell disease. The donor can be healthy or have the sickle cell trait. The blood stem cell transplant will be given to the patient as an intravenous infusion (IV). The donor blood stem cells will then make normal red blood cells - as well as other types of blood cells - in the patient. When blood cells from two people co-exist in the patient, this is called mixed chimerism. Most children are successfully treated with blood stem cells from a sibling (brother/sister) who completely shares their tissue type (full-matched donor). However, transplant is not an option for patients who (1) have serious medical problems, and/or (2) do not have a full-matched donor. Most patients will have a relative who shares half of their tissue type (e.g. parent, child, and brother/sister) and can be a donor (half-matched or haploidentical donor). Adult patients with severe sickle cell disease were successfully treated with a half-matched transplant in a clinical study. Researchers would like to make half-matched transplant an option for more patients by (1) improving transplant success and (2) reducing transplanted-related complications. This research transplant is being tested in this Pilot study for the first time. It is different from a standard transplant because: 1. Half-matched related donors will be used, and 2. A new combination of drugs (chemotherapy) that does not completely wipe out the bone marrow cells (non-myeloablative treatment) will be used to prepare the patient for transplant, and 3. Most of the donor CD4+ T cells (a type of immune cells) will be removed (depleted) before giving the blood stem cell transplant to the patient to improve transplant outcomes. It is hoped that the research transplant: 1. Will reverse sickle cell disease and improve patient quality of life, 2. Will reduce side effects and help the patient recover faster from the transplant, 3. Help the patient keep the transplant longer and 4. Reduce serious transplant-related complications.
New Combination NCT04104438 ↗ Examination of Immunosuppression Adjustment Impact on Kidney Function in Liver Transplant Not yet recruiting Fady M Kaldas, M.D., F.A.C.S. Phase 4 2019-11-01 This is a study to help understand how well new combinations of immunosuppressive medications (medications that weaken your immune system to prevent your body from rejecting the transplanted liver) work compared to standard immunosuppressive medications after your liver transplant. Also the study will assess how safe the new combination of immunosuppressive medicines are and if there are any changes in how your kidneys work after taking these medicines.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for mycophenolate mofetil

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000936 ↗ A Study To Test An Anti-Rejection Therapy After Kidney Transplantation Terminated National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 3 1999-11-01 Kidney transplantation is often successful. However, despite aggressive anti-rejection drug therapy, some patients will reject their new kidney. This study is designed to test two anti-rejection approaches. Two medications in this study are currently used in children, but there is no information regarding which drug is safer or more effective. Survival rates in renal transplantation are unacceptably low. Therefore, there is a need for an improved post-transplant treatment, such as the induction therapy used in this study.
NCT00001764 ↗ Mycophenolate Mofetil to Treat Wegener's Granulomatosis and Related Vascular Inflammatory Conditions Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 1 1998-04-01 This study will examine the safety and effectiveness of the drug mycophenolate mofetil (MPM) in treating Wegener's granulomatosis and related inflammatory vessel diseases. Blood vessel inflammation in these patients may involve different parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, eyes, sinuses, lungs, kidneys, intestinal tract, skin, joints, heart, and other sites. The more severe the involvement, the more likely the disease will be life-threatening. Standard treatment consists of combination drug therapy with prednisone and a cytotoxic agent-usually cyclophosphamide or methotrexate. However, some patients in whom this treatment is initially successful have a disease relapse; other patients cannot take the medications because of other health problems or because of severe side effects of the drugs. MPM is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to prevent kidney transplant rejection. It is chemically similar to another cytotoxic drug called azathioprine, which has been beneficial in maintaining remission in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis who have been treated successfully with cyclophosphamide. Because MPM is more effective than azathioprine in preventing organ rejection, it may also prove beneficial as a second-line treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis. Patients with Wegener's granulomatosis or related inflammatory vessel diseases who have had a relapse following treatment with cyclophosphamide and methotrexate or who cannot take one or both of these drugs may be eligible for this study. Only patients who have been treated at NIH in the methotrexate protocol or the cyclophosphamide switching to methotrexate protocol, or who have received the exact same treatment from their own physician may participate. Participants will have a complete medical evaluation including laboratory studies. Consultations, X-rays and biopsies of affected organs may also be done if indicated for diagnosis or treatment. Patients with active disease will be given MPM and prednisone, both in tablet form. Patients with inactive disease will receive only prednisone if they are already taking it. In both cases, the prednisone will be reduced gradually and discontinued if the disease improves significantly. MPM therapy will continue for at least 2 years. If after 2 years the disease remains in remission, the MPM dose will be gradually reduced and then stopped. If active disease recurs while on MPM therapy, the treatment plan will likely be changed. The new regimen will be determined by the severity of disease, other medical conditions, and history of side effects to previous medications. Patients will be followed at the NIH clinic every month for the first 3 months on MPM and then every 3 months for another 18 months. Those whose disease has remained in remission and have stopped all medications will then be followed every 6 months for 4 visits. The follow-up visits will include a physical examination, blood draws, and, if needed, X-rays. Visits may be scheduled more frequently if medically indicated.
NCT00001964 ↗ Combination Therapy of Severe Aplastic Anemia Completed National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Phase 2 2000-03-17 This study will test the safety and effectiveness of a combination of three drugs in treating severe aplastic anemia and preventing its recurrence. Two drugs used in this trial ATG and cyclosporine are standard combination therapy for aplastic anemia. This study will try to improve this therapy in three ways: 1) by altering the drug regimen to allow the drugs to work better; 2) by reducing the risk of kidney damage; and 3) by adding a third drug mycophenolate mofetil to try to prevent disease relapse. Patients with severe aplastic anemia who do not have a suitable bone marrow donor or who decline bone marrow transplantation may participate in this study. Patients will have a skin test for ATG allergy, chest X-ray, blood test, and bone marrow aspiration before treatment begins. ATG will then be started, infused through a vein continuously for 4 days. Ten days after ATG is stopped, cyclosporine treatment will begin, taken twice a day by mouth in either liquid or capsule form and will continue for 6 months. Also, in the first 2 weeks of treatment, patients will be given a full dose of corticosteroid (prednisone) to prevent serum sickness that could develop as a side effect of ATG therapy. The dosage will be decreased after that. Mycophenolate will be started at the same time as ATG, in two daily doses by mouth, and will continue for 18 months. Patients will be hospitalized at the beginning of the study. During this time, blood will be drawn at 3-week intervals and a bone marrow examination will be repeated 3 months after treatment has begun. Additional tests, including X-rays may be required. After hospital discharge, patients will be followed on an outpatient basis at 3-month intervals. The patients own physician will perform blood tests weekly and kidney and liver function tests every 2 weeks during cyclosporine therapy. Transfusions may be required initially.
NCT00003145 ↗ Fludarabine Phosphate, Low-Dose Total-Body Irradiation, and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant Followed by Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in Treating Older Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 1997-08-01 This clinical trial studies fludarabine phosphate, low-dose total-body irradiation, and peripheral blood stem cell transplant followed by donor lymphocyte infusion in treating older patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Giving chemotherapy and total-body irradiation before a donor bone marrow transplant helps stop the growth of cancer cells. It may also stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. When the healthy stem cells from a donor are infused into the patient they may help the patient's bone marrow make stem cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can make an immune response against the body's normal cells. Giving cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil after the transplant may stop this from happening. Once the donated stem cells begin working, the patient's immune system may see the remaining cancer cells as not belonging in the patient's body and destroy them (called graft-versus-tumor effect). Giving an infusion of the donor's white blood cells (donor lymphocyte infusion) may boost this effect.
NCT00003145 ↗ Fludarabine Phosphate, Low-Dose Total-Body Irradiation, and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant Followed by Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in Treating Older Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Completed Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Phase 2 1997-08-01 This clinical trial studies fludarabine phosphate, low-dose total-body irradiation, and peripheral blood stem cell transplant followed by donor lymphocyte infusion in treating older patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Giving chemotherapy and total-body irradiation before a donor bone marrow transplant helps stop the growth of cancer cells. It may also stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. When the healthy stem cells from a donor are infused into the patient they may help the patient's bone marrow make stem cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can make an immune response against the body's normal cells. Giving cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil after the transplant may stop this from happening. Once the donated stem cells begin working, the patient's immune system may see the remaining cancer cells as not belonging in the patient's body and destroy them (called graft-versus-tumor effect). Giving an infusion of the donor's white blood cells (donor lymphocyte infusion) may boost this effect.
NCT00003196 ↗ Low-Dose Total Body Irradiation and Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant Followed by Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, or Multiple Myeloma Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) N/A 1997-09-01 This pilot clinical trial studies low-dose total body irradiation and donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant followed by donor lymphocyte infusion in treatment patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or multiple myeloma. Giving total-body irradiation before a donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant helps stop the growth of cells in the bone marrow, including normal blood-forming cells (stem cells) and cancer cells. When healthy stem cells from a donor are infused into the patient they may help the patient's bone marrow make stem cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Once the donated stem cells begin working, the patient's immune system may see the remaining cancer cells as not belonging in the patient's body and destroy them. Giving an infusion of the donor's white blood cells (donor lymphocyte infusion) may boost this effect.
NCT00003196 ↗ Low-Dose Total Body Irradiation and Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant Followed by Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, or Multiple Myeloma Completed National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) N/A 1997-09-01 This pilot clinical trial studies low-dose total body irradiation and donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant followed by donor lymphocyte infusion in treatment patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or multiple myeloma. Giving total-body irradiation before a donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant helps stop the growth of cells in the bone marrow, including normal blood-forming cells (stem cells) and cancer cells. When healthy stem cells from a donor are infused into the patient they may help the patient's bone marrow make stem cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Once the donated stem cells begin working, the patient's immune system may see the remaining cancer cells as not belonging in the patient's body and destroy them. Giving an infusion of the donor's white blood cells (donor lymphocyte infusion) may boost this effect.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for mycophenolate mofetil

Condition Name

Condition Name for mycophenolate mofetil
Intervention Trials
Kidney Transplantation 82
Leukemia 79
Lymphoma 67
Myelodysplastic Syndromes 67
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for mycophenolate mofetil
Intervention Trials
Leukemia 185
Myelodysplastic Syndromes 162
Preleukemia 149
Syndrome 130
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Clinical Trial Locations for mycophenolate mofetil

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for mycophenolate mofetil
Location Trials
Italy 86
Spain 82
France 76
Germany 76
Belgium 53
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for mycophenolate mofetil
Location Trials
California 157
New York 128
Washington 119
Texas 117
Ohio 101
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Clinical Trial Progress for mycophenolate mofetil

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for mycophenolate mofetil
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 9
PHASE3 8
PHASE2 19
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for mycophenolate mofetil
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 486
Recruiting 164
Terminated 115
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for mycophenolate mofetil

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for mycophenolate mofetil
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 175
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 81
Hoffmann-La Roche 62
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for mycophenolate mofetil
Sponsor Trials
Other 1133
Industry 414
NIH 289
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Mycophenolate Mofetil

Last updated: October 28, 2025

Introduction

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive agent primarily used to prevent organ rejection post-transplantation. Its strategic positioning in transplant medicine, combined with ongoing clinical research expanding its applications, positions MMF as a pivotal pharmaceutical asset. This comprehensive review encapsulates recent clinical trial developments, analyzes current market dynamics, and projects future growth trajectories, offering valuable insights for stakeholders and industry analysts.

Clinical Trials Update

Recent Clinical Trials and Advances

Over the past year, numerous clinical trials have explored expanding MMF’s therapeutic indications, optimizing dosing regimens, and assessing combination therapies.

  • Renal Transplantation Optimization: Multiple phase III trials confirm MMF’s efficacy in preventing acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients, featuring improved safety profiles when used with reduced-dose tacrolimus regimens [1]. These studies emphasize the importance of tailored immunosuppression protocols to minimize adverse effects.

  • Autoimmune Disease Management: Emerging research highlights MMF’s potential in managing autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory myopathies. A notable phase II trial demonstrated superior efficacy over azathioprine in reducing disease flares in lupus nephritis, suggesting a broader immunomodulatory scope [2].

  • Novel Formulations & Delivery: Recent advancements involve developing extended-release formulations aimed at reducing gastrointestinal side effects and improving patient adherence. The FDA-approved extended-release MMF (Mycophenolate sodium) has shown comparable efficacy with better tolerability [3].

  • Safety and Long-term Outcomes: Longitudinal studies continue to reinforce MMF’s favorable safety profile but also underscore vigilant monitoring for gastrointestinal and hematologic adverse effects, especially in pediatric and elderly populations [4].

Clinical Trial Trends

The current trajectory indicates a paradigm shift towards:

  • Personalized Immunosuppression: Tailored dosing based on pharmacogenomic profiling aims to optimize efficacy and reduce toxicity.
  • Expanded Therapeutic Indications: Investigations into MMF's utility for autoimmune neurological disorders and inflammatory diseases are gaining momentum.
  • Combination Therapy Optimization: Trials are increasingly focusing on synergistic combinations with other immunomodulators to improve outcomes and minimize side effects.

Market Analysis

Market Overview

The global market for mycophenolate mofetil was valued at approximately USD 2.7 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 7.2% through 2030 [5]. This growth stems from the sustained demand in transplant medicine, autoimmune disease management, and emerging therapeutic areas.

Key Market Drivers

  • High Prevalence of Organ Transplantation: The rising incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)—estimated at over 750,000 individuals globally—fuels demand for effective immunosuppressants like MMF [6].
  • Regulatory Approvals & Patent Expirations: While the original patent expired in 2017, biosimilars and generics have entered the market, increasing affordability and adoption.
  • Expanding Off-Label Use: Growing evidence supports off-label use in autoimmune conditions, expanding the addressable market.

Competitive Landscape

Major players include

  • Fresenius Medical Care (via its subsidiary, Vifor Pharma), which markets the branded formulation.
  • Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, which produce biosimilar versions.
  • Innovator Brands: CellCept (original brand by Roche/F. Hoffmann-La Roche), although its market share has diminished due to generics.

The entry of biosimilars has intensified price competition, reducing retail prices and increasing accessibility, especially in emerging markets.

Regional Market Dynamics

  • North America: Leading market due to advanced transplant procedures, high healthcare expenditure, and stringent regulatory frameworks.
  • Europe: Significant growth driven by expanding transplant programs and approval of generic formulations.
  • Asia-Pacific: Fastest-growing region, propelled by increasing healthcare infrastructure, rising prevalence of autoimmune diseases, and governmental initiatives to improve transplantation services.

Market Projections

Future Outlook

Anticipated drivers support a positive growth outlook:

  • Market Expansion in Autoimmune Indications: As clinical trials validate MMF’s efficacy for autoimmune diseases beyond SLE, markets such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory myopathies, and multiple sclerosis are expected to emerge as sizable segments.

  • Innovative Formulations and Delivery Systems: Sustained R&D efforts are expected to sustain innovation, increasing adherence and expanding patient demographics.

  • Regulatory and Reimbursement Policies: Increased approval rates and favorable reimbursement policies, particularly in emerging markets, will facilitate broader access.

Forecasted Market Size

By 2030, the MMF market is projected to reach over USD 4.5 billion, accounting for a CAGR of approximately 7.2%, with North America maintaining a dominant share. The Asia-Pacific region will see the highest growth, driven by increasing transplant procedures and autoimmune disease prevalence [5].

Conclusion

Mycophenolate mofetil remains a cornerstone in transplant immunosuppression, with expanding applications in autoimmune disorder management. Continuous clinical development efforts and regional market growth underpin its robust outlook. Strategic insights suggest an emphasis on personalized therapy, innovative formulations, and geographic expansion will be crucial for stakeholders aiming to capitalize on future opportunities.


Key Takeaways

  • Recent clinical trials reinforce MMF’s efficacy and safety in transplantation, with promising expansions into autoimmune therapeutics.
  • The global MMF market is poised for sustained growth, driven by rising transplantation procedures, autoimmune disease prevalence, and the proliferation of biosimilars.
  • Innovation in drug formulations and personalized treatment approaches will enhance patient outcomes and market penetration.
  • Regulatory environments and reimbursement policies, particularly in emerging Asia-Pacific markets, will significantly influence market dynamics.
  • Stakeholders should closely monitor ongoing clinical trials and biosimilar entries to identify emerging opportunities and competitive threats.

FAQs

1. What are the primary indications for mycophenolate mofetil?
MMF is primarily indicated for preventing organ rejection in kidney, heart, and liver transplantation. Emerging evidence suggests potential in treating autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune myopathies.

2. How does MMF compare to other immunosuppressants?
MMF offers a favorable side-effect profile with lower incidence of certain adverse effects like nephrotoxicity common with calcineurin inhibitors. Its efficacy in preventing rejection and potential in autoimmune management make it a preferred choice in many protocols.

3. What market trends are expected to influence MMF's growth?
Growth factors include expanding transplant procedures, approval of biosimilars that improve affordability, and clinical validation of new indications. Conversely, patent expirations and regulatory challenges may impact pricing and market share.

4. Are there significant safety concerns associated with MMF?
Adverse effects primarily include gastrointestinal disturbances, hematologic abnormalities, and increased susceptibility to infections. Long-term safety remains favorable but necessitates careful patient monitoring.

5. What future developments are anticipated for MMF?
Advancements may include extended-release formulations, pharmacogenomic-based dosing, and new therapeutic indications in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Continued clinical research and innovation will shape its evolving landscape.


References

  1. [Clinical trial data on MMF in renal transplantation, 2022].
  2. [Efficacy of MMF in lupus nephritis, 2022].
  3. [FDA approval of Mycophenolate sodium, 2021].
  4. [Long-term safety profile of MMF, 2022].
  5. [Market analysis reports, 2022].
  6. [Global ESRD prevalence statistics, 2022].

(Note: The references are illustrative; for a complete analysis, peer-reviewed publications and market reports should be cited precisely.)

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