Last Updated: June 9, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR IBUPROFEN; OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
OTC NCT00245375 ↗ A Trial Comparing Combination Therapy of Acetaminophen Plus Ibuprofen Versus Tylenol #3 for the Treatment of Pain After Outpatient Surgery Completed McNeil Consumer & Specialty Pharmaceuticals, a Division of McNeil-PPC, Inc. N/A 2005-01-01 Increasingly in general surgery, the investigators are conducting outpatient day surgery. Ambulatory surgery currently comprises 60 to 70% of surgeries performed in North America. These patients all require some form of analgesia which can be taken at home in the first few days after the surgery. The current standard at the investigators' centre and many others in the maritime provinces is to provide a prescription for oral acetaminophen plus codeine or oxycodone (Tylenol #3®, Percocet ®). Some patients may receive more potent opioids such as oral hydromorphone (Dilaudid®). Unfortunately, the most commonly prescribed medication (Tylenol #3®) is often poorly tolerated by patients, has several undesirable side effects, and may not provide effective pain relief. In the investigators' experience, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are uncommonly a routine addition to the home analgesic regimen. Tylenol #3®, in the investigators' experience and opinion, is a poor post surgical pain medication. They hope to show that a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is better for pain relief after these procedures. The combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen would be a safe, cheap, and readily available regimen. Unfortunately, as the prescribing practices of surgeons are old habits, it will require a very convincing argument to get them to change their practices. A randomized controlled trial comparing these two regimens, the investigators hope, would be a powerful enough argument. The hypothesis of this study, therefore, is that the pain control provided by a combination of acetaminophen plus ibuprofen (650 mg/400 mg four times per day) will be superior to Tylenol #3® (600 mg acetaminophen/60 mg codeine/15 mg caffeine four times per day). This study will attempt to enroll 150 patients in total. Eligible patients will be identified by their attending surgeon and contacted by study personnel. Patients who enroll in the study will undergo their surgery in the usual manner. After the surgery, in the recovery room, once they are ready to go home, they will be randomized to receive combination A or B and be given a week's worth of pain medication. They will then go home and take this medication as directed. They will record their pain intensity and pain relief once per day using a diary provided in the study package. One week after their surgery, they will return to the hospital clinic and be seen by the study nurse. They will hand over the diary and any unused medication. They will also be asked several questions regarding their overall satisfaction, incidence of side effects, and how long until they were pain free. The risks of participating in this study are minimal from the risks inherent to the procedures and medications the patients would receive within the standard of care. Ibuprofen is a commonly used NSAID which is widely available over the counter and has an established safety profile. The most common adverse effects of ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration. Other less common adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatic dysfunction (longterm use), and cognitive dysfunction. The investigators' patients will be selected to exclude those most at risk for these complications (see exclusion criteria). Acetaminophen has few side effects, with no adverse effects on platelet function and no evidence of gastric irritation.
OTC NCT00245375 ↗ A Trial Comparing Combination Therapy of Acetaminophen Plus Ibuprofen Versus Tylenol #3 for the Treatment of Pain After Outpatient Surgery Completed Nova Scotia Health Authority N/A 2005-01-01 Increasingly in general surgery, the investigators are conducting outpatient day surgery. Ambulatory surgery currently comprises 60 to 70% of surgeries performed in North America. These patients all require some form of analgesia which can be taken at home in the first few days after the surgery. The current standard at the investigators' centre and many others in the maritime provinces is to provide a prescription for oral acetaminophen plus codeine or oxycodone (Tylenol #3®, Percocet ®). Some patients may receive more potent opioids such as oral hydromorphone (Dilaudid®). Unfortunately, the most commonly prescribed medication (Tylenol #3®) is often poorly tolerated by patients, has several undesirable side effects, and may not provide effective pain relief. In the investigators' experience, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are uncommonly a routine addition to the home analgesic regimen. Tylenol #3®, in the investigators' experience and opinion, is a poor post surgical pain medication. They hope to show that a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is better for pain relief after these procedures. The combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen would be a safe, cheap, and readily available regimen. Unfortunately, as the prescribing practices of surgeons are old habits, it will require a very convincing argument to get them to change their practices. A randomized controlled trial comparing these two regimens, the investigators hope, would be a powerful enough argument. The hypothesis of this study, therefore, is that the pain control provided by a combination of acetaminophen plus ibuprofen (650 mg/400 mg four times per day) will be superior to Tylenol #3® (600 mg acetaminophen/60 mg codeine/15 mg caffeine four times per day). This study will attempt to enroll 150 patients in total. Eligible patients will be identified by their attending surgeon and contacted by study personnel. Patients who enroll in the study will undergo their surgery in the usual manner. After the surgery, in the recovery room, once they are ready to go home, they will be randomized to receive combination A or B and be given a week's worth of pain medication. They will then go home and take this medication as directed. They will record their pain intensity and pain relief once per day using a diary provided in the study package. One week after their surgery, they will return to the hospital clinic and be seen by the study nurse. They will hand over the diary and any unused medication. They will also be asked several questions regarding their overall satisfaction, incidence of side effects, and how long until they were pain free. The risks of participating in this study are minimal from the risks inherent to the procedures and medications the patients would receive within the standard of care. Ibuprofen is a commonly used NSAID which is widely available over the counter and has an established safety profile. The most common adverse effects of ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration. Other less common adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatic dysfunction (longterm use), and cognitive dysfunction. The investigators' patients will be selected to exclude those most at risk for these complications (see exclusion criteria). Acetaminophen has few side effects, with no adverse effects on platelet function and no evidence of gastric irritation.
OTC NCT02929589 ↗ Ibuprofen to Decrease Opioid Use and Post-operative Pain Following Unilateral Inguinal Herniorrhaphy Suspended Mike O'Callaghan Federal Hospital Phase 3 2018-07-05 This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial comparing oxycodone/acetaminophen prescribed with or without ibuprofen for pain control following open unilateral inguinal hernia repair, with allowed exception of any currently prescribed opioid (codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, methadone, oxymorphone, transdermal fentanyl), which can be continued. The patients will not be allowed to continue any over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen containing medications, that were not prescribed by the investigators during this study. Patients not receiving Ibuprofen will be given a placebo pill composed of corn starch. The placebo pill will be formulated into the same shape, size and color as the ibuprofen capsule. Neither the investigators nor the research subjects will know if the subject is receiving a placebo versus Ibuprofen. The subjects will complete pain level and medication diaries, and will be followed for 2 months after their surgery. The research aims to discover the appropriate amount of opioid medication to prescribe to patients undergoing an elective open inguinal hernia repair, and reduce the total opioid dose needed by utilizing ibuprofen in combination. The investigators expect that the subjects who take ibuprofen will use less oxycodone/acetaminophen, and have comparable or lower mean pain levels. This could contribute to reducing the surplus opioids prescribed by physicians after surgery, which can lead to opioid use disorders. This particular procedure is common in men, and the findings have the potential to decrease the symptoms and pain of Active Duty members and DoD beneficiaries who undergo an inguinal hernia repair, and are at risk for prescription drug abuse or dependence.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00245375 ↗ A Trial Comparing Combination Therapy of Acetaminophen Plus Ibuprofen Versus Tylenol #3 for the Treatment of Pain After Outpatient Surgery Completed McNeil Consumer & Specialty Pharmaceuticals, a Division of McNeil-PPC, Inc. N/A 2005-01-01 Increasingly in general surgery, the investigators are conducting outpatient day surgery. Ambulatory surgery currently comprises 60 to 70% of surgeries performed in North America. These patients all require some form of analgesia which can be taken at home in the first few days after the surgery. The current standard at the investigators' centre and many others in the maritime provinces is to provide a prescription for oral acetaminophen plus codeine or oxycodone (Tylenol #3®, Percocet ®). Some patients may receive more potent opioids such as oral hydromorphone (Dilaudid®). Unfortunately, the most commonly prescribed medication (Tylenol #3®) is often poorly tolerated by patients, has several undesirable side effects, and may not provide effective pain relief. In the investigators' experience, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are uncommonly a routine addition to the home analgesic regimen. Tylenol #3®, in the investigators' experience and opinion, is a poor post surgical pain medication. They hope to show that a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is better for pain relief after these procedures. The combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen would be a safe, cheap, and readily available regimen. Unfortunately, as the prescribing practices of surgeons are old habits, it will require a very convincing argument to get them to change their practices. A randomized controlled trial comparing these two regimens, the investigators hope, would be a powerful enough argument. The hypothesis of this study, therefore, is that the pain control provided by a combination of acetaminophen plus ibuprofen (650 mg/400 mg four times per day) will be superior to Tylenol #3® (600 mg acetaminophen/60 mg codeine/15 mg caffeine four times per day). This study will attempt to enroll 150 patients in total. Eligible patients will be identified by their attending surgeon and contacted by study personnel. Patients who enroll in the study will undergo their surgery in the usual manner. After the surgery, in the recovery room, once they are ready to go home, they will be randomized to receive combination A or B and be given a week's worth of pain medication. They will then go home and take this medication as directed. They will record their pain intensity and pain relief once per day using a diary provided in the study package. One week after their surgery, they will return to the hospital clinic and be seen by the study nurse. They will hand over the diary and any unused medication. They will also be asked several questions regarding their overall satisfaction, incidence of side effects, and how long until they were pain free. The risks of participating in this study are minimal from the risks inherent to the procedures and medications the patients would receive within the standard of care. Ibuprofen is a commonly used NSAID which is widely available over the counter and has an established safety profile. The most common adverse effects of ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration. Other less common adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatic dysfunction (longterm use), and cognitive dysfunction. The investigators' patients will be selected to exclude those most at risk for these complications (see exclusion criteria). Acetaminophen has few side effects, with no adverse effects on platelet function and no evidence of gastric irritation.
NCT00245375 ↗ A Trial Comparing Combination Therapy of Acetaminophen Plus Ibuprofen Versus Tylenol #3 for the Treatment of Pain After Outpatient Surgery Completed Nova Scotia Health Authority N/A 2005-01-01 Increasingly in general surgery, the investigators are conducting outpatient day surgery. Ambulatory surgery currently comprises 60 to 70% of surgeries performed in North America. These patients all require some form of analgesia which can be taken at home in the first few days after the surgery. The current standard at the investigators' centre and many others in the maritime provinces is to provide a prescription for oral acetaminophen plus codeine or oxycodone (Tylenol #3®, Percocet ®). Some patients may receive more potent opioids such as oral hydromorphone (Dilaudid®). Unfortunately, the most commonly prescribed medication (Tylenol #3®) is often poorly tolerated by patients, has several undesirable side effects, and may not provide effective pain relief. In the investigators' experience, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are uncommonly a routine addition to the home analgesic regimen. Tylenol #3®, in the investigators' experience and opinion, is a poor post surgical pain medication. They hope to show that a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is better for pain relief after these procedures. The combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen would be a safe, cheap, and readily available regimen. Unfortunately, as the prescribing practices of surgeons are old habits, it will require a very convincing argument to get them to change their practices. A randomized controlled trial comparing these two regimens, the investigators hope, would be a powerful enough argument. The hypothesis of this study, therefore, is that the pain control provided by a combination of acetaminophen plus ibuprofen (650 mg/400 mg four times per day) will be superior to Tylenol #3® (600 mg acetaminophen/60 mg codeine/15 mg caffeine four times per day). This study will attempt to enroll 150 patients in total. Eligible patients will be identified by their attending surgeon and contacted by study personnel. Patients who enroll in the study will undergo their surgery in the usual manner. After the surgery, in the recovery room, once they are ready to go home, they will be randomized to receive combination A or B and be given a week's worth of pain medication. They will then go home and take this medication as directed. They will record their pain intensity and pain relief once per day using a diary provided in the study package. One week after their surgery, they will return to the hospital clinic and be seen by the study nurse. They will hand over the diary and any unused medication. They will also be asked several questions regarding their overall satisfaction, incidence of side effects, and how long until they were pain free. The risks of participating in this study are minimal from the risks inherent to the procedures and medications the patients would receive within the standard of care. Ibuprofen is a commonly used NSAID which is widely available over the counter and has an established safety profile. The most common adverse effects of ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration. Other less common adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatic dysfunction (longterm use), and cognitive dysfunction. The investigators' patients will be selected to exclude those most at risk for these complications (see exclusion criteria). Acetaminophen has few side effects, with no adverse effects on platelet function and no evidence of gastric irritation.
NCT00312221 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Buprenorphine Transdermal System (BTDS) in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Osteoarthritis Pain Terminated Purdue Pharma LP Phase 3 2004-04-01 The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness and tolerability of the buprenorphine transdermal system (20 mg) in comparison to the buprenorphine transdermal system (5 mg) and oxycodone immediate release in subjects with moderate to severe osteoarthritis pain currently treated with oral opioids. The double-blind treatment intervention duration is 12 weeks during which time supplemental analgesic medication (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, immediate release oxycodone) will be provided to all subjects in addition to study drug.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride

Condition Name

Condition Name for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride
Intervention Trials
Pain 12
Pain, Postoperative 10
Postoperative Pain 6
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride
Intervention Trials
Pain, Postoperative 27
Acute Pain 6
Agnosia 5
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Clinical Trial Locations for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride
Location Trials
United States 178
Canada 8
France 2
Norway 2
Bahrain 1
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride
Location Trials
California 16
New York 12
Pennsylvania 10
Texas 8
North Carolina 7
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Clinical Trial Progress for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 4
PHASE3 2
PHASE2 2
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 32
Recruiting 16
Not yet recruiting 10
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride
Sponsor Trials
Montefiore Medical Center 5
Stanford University 4
Purdue Pharma LP 4
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for ibuprofen; oxycodone hydrochloride
Sponsor Trials
Other 97
Industry 17
U.S. Fed 2
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projections for Ibuprofen and Oxycodone Hydrochloride

Last updated: April 27, 2026

What is the clinical-trial landscape for ibuprofen?

Ibuprofen is widely marketed as an over-the-counter (OTC) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The current clinical trial signal is dominated by: (1) formulation and delivery work (speed of onset, dosing convenience, pediatric dosing support), and (2) comparative safety and tolerability studies in defined populations (GI risk, renal risk, cardiovascular risk cohorts). Large, practice-changing “new drug” trials are uncommon because ibuprofen is off-patent in most jurisdictions, and the market is mature.

Practical implication for R&D and investment

  • Trial activity tends to be incremental (bioequivalence, pediatric/label expansion, formulation).
  • The most investable value pools are reformulations with clear differentiation (dose forms, combinations, targeted patient use) rather than novel ibuprofen mechanisms.

What is the clinical-trial landscape for oxycodone hydrochloride?

Oxycodone hydrochloride is a long-established opioid used for moderate-to-severe pain. Clinical development is concentrated around:

  • Abuse-deterrent formulations (ADF) and risk-mitigation label support
  • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparative studies (including higher-order “real-world” effectiveness endpoints in post-marketing settings)
  • Combination strategies and perioperative protocols
  • Safety-focused trials in populations with comorbidities that increase risk (renal impairment, elderly, concurrent CNS depressant use)

Practical implication for R&D and investment

  • The highest barrier to competitive entry is not basic opioid efficacy, but proof of differentiation under abuse-deterrence frameworks and payer/provider risk management.
  • Trial designs often map to regulatory endpoints that support risk claims and restricted distribution models.

Which trials and regulatory pathways matter most for investment?

For both actives, investors should map development efforts to the dominant regulatory levers:

Ibuprofen

  • OTC and label-aligned studies: tolerability, pediatric dosing, GI/renal risk in approved populations
  • Formulation lifecycle: fast-acting vs extended release concepts (where applicable), fixed-dose combinations, and patient adherence improvements

Oxycodone hydrochloride

  • Abuse-deterrent and tamper-resistance evidence packages
  • Risk evaluation and mitigation aligned claims (where applicable)
  • Comparative PK/PD and safety in “high-risk” subgroups (elderly, renal impairment, polypharmacy)

Market analysis for ibuprofen: what is the demand profile?

Ibuprofen is a high-volume analgesic/anti-inflammatory with global demand driven by:

  • OTC household penetration
  • Broad indications in pain and fever management
  • Persistent use in acute musculoskeletal pain, dental pain, headache, and dysmenorrhea

Market structure

  • Mature generic-heavy supply with pricing pressure
  • Brand value tied to formulation convenience, packaging size, and channel access (pharmacy, mass retail, e-commerce)

Commercial risk

  • Price compression from generics and line extensions
  • Regulatory constraints on dosing claims and OTC labeling
  • Competition from other NSAIDs and combination OTC products

Market analysis for oxycodone hydrochloride: what is the demand profile?

Oxycodone is a controlled opioid with demand shaped by:

  • Opioid prescribing patterns and guideline adherence
  • Risk mitigation policies at payer and provider level
  • Transition dynamics toward abuse-deterrent formulations and restricted access pathways

Market structure

  • Mix of immediate-release (IR) and controlled-release (CR) products by formulation brand/generic presence
  • Market share depends heavily on reimbursement access, clinic/hospital formularies, and controlled distribution

Commercial risk

  • Regulatory and payer scrutiny on opioid risk
  • Supply and manufacturing complexity for controlled substances
  • Potential substitution away from opioids to non-opioid analgesics and multimodal pain protocols

How do you project the market for these two actives?

Given both drugs’ maturity and the typical development cycle for such actives, projections are best treated as demand plus share shifts rather than “growth from new mechanisms.”

Ibuprofen projection framework

Key drivers of incremental growth:

  • Population-level persistent use for pain/fever
  • Channel expansion (OTC retail and online)
  • Formulation and combination product share shifts (where allowed)

Offsetting forces:

  • Generic price erosion and promotional spend compression
  • Competitive substitution (other NSAIDs, acetaminophen-based products, topical NSAIDs)

Projection direction

  • Low-to-mid single digit volume stability with revenue growth more dependent on mix (higher-margin formulations and larger package sizes) than on unit growth.

Oxycodone hydrochloride projection framework

Key drivers:

  • Continued baseline opioid use for acute and chronic severe pain settings
  • Abuse-deterrent and risk-mitigated pathways that retain formulary access
  • Perioperative and hospital protocol inertia in certain specialties

Offsetting forces:

  • Guideline-driven reductions in opioid initiation and duration
  • Payer restrictions, prior authorization, and step-therapy controls
  • Substitution to non-opioid pathways and anti-neuropathic agents depending on indication

Projection direction

  • Revenue growth tied to mix and formulary access (ADF products, CR vs IR distribution), with volume growth limited by opioid restriction trends.

What is the business takeaway from the regulatory environment?

  • Ibuprofen is a lifecycle and formulation business with incremental clinical evidence.
  • Oxycodone hydrochloride is a risk-management and differentiation business where clinical evidence and product behavior under tampering conditions govern market access.

Key Takeaways

  • Ibuprofen: mature, OTC-led demand; clinical trials concentrate on formulations, dosing support, and incremental safety/tolerability studies. Market growth is mix- and channel-driven more than mechanism-driven.
  • Oxycodone hydrochloride: clinical differentiation concentrates on abuse-deterrence and safety/risk mitigation evidence; market performance is tied to payer/provider access and controlled distribution dynamics.
  • Projection posture: treat both markets as demand-stable with revenue sensitivity to product mix, regulatory posture, and reimbursement/formulary access rather than expecting new mechanism-led expansions.

FAQs

1) Is there “new mechanism” development likely to move ibuprofen demand significantly?

No. Development is typically lifecycle-focused, with differentiation through formulation and labeling support rather than new pharmacology.

2) What clinical evidence most influences oxycodone hydrochloride market access?

Abuse-deterrent and tamper-resistance evidence, plus safety and comparative PK/PD support in relevant patient populations.

3) Why does ibuprofen market performance track pricing more than innovation?

The market is mature and generic-heavy, so revenue changes often reflect pricing, package mix, and channel economics more than novel clinical outcomes.

4) How do opioid guideline changes impact oxycodone projections?

They usually cap initiation and shorten duration, limiting volume growth while leaving room for share gains by risk-mitigated formulations in retained formularies.

5) What is the highest-value R&D direction for each drug?

Ibuprofen: formulation and combination lifecycle value. Oxycodone hydrochloride: ADF and risk-mitigation differentiation tied to formulary access.


References

[1] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “Abuse-Deterrent Opioids (ADOs).” FDA. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-divisions/abuse-deterrent-opioids-ados
[2] FDA. “Controlled Substances.” https://www.fda.gov/drugs/types-drugs/controlled-substances
[3] U.S. National Library of Medicine. “ClinicalTrials.gov.” https://clinicaltrials.gov
[4] World Health Organization. “WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.” https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MODel-list-of-essential-medicines

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