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Last Updated: December 16, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR FOSFOMYCIN TROMETHAMINE


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All Clinical Trials for fosfomycin tromethamine

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT02178254 ↗ Safety, Tolerability and PK 3-Period Crossover Study Comparing 2 Single Doses of ZTI-01 and Monurol® in Healthy Subjects Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 1 2014-08-01 The objective is to determine the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of 2 single doses of ZTI-01 (1g and 8g infused over 1-hr) and a single dose of the Reference Label Drug, Monurol® (oral sachet, 3g). Subjects will be randomized to a treatment sequence prior to dosing on Day 1 of Period 1 prior to study screening.
NCT02570074 ↗ PK/PD and Safety/Tolerability of Two Dosing Regimens of Oral Fosfomycin Tromethamine in Healthy Adults Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 1 2016-01-01 Oral dosage regimens for fosfomycin tromethamine (Monurol™) are not established for the treatment of cUTI. The most common and recommended adult dosage regimen in the literature is a single-dose sachet containing the equivalent of 3 grams of fosfomycin administered every other day (QOD) for a total of three doses. There are a myriad of different oral fosfomycin dosing regimens currently being used in clinical practice, including up to 3 grams orally twice daily for 7-21 days, but these regimens are not based on solid pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic or safety rationale. Initial pharmacokinetic studies performed with oral fosfomycin tromethamine primarily examined single dose regimens and did not use modern day bioanalytical or pharmacokinetic techniques. As the use of fosfomycin becomes more pervasive in concordance with the increase in multidrug resistant pathogens, further pharmacokinetic and safety data are needed for more intensive dosing regimens to support its continued use. The rationale of this study is that oral fosfomycin tromethamine requires a modern pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study to identify alternative oral dosage regimens that are appropriate and safe. This study provided safety/tolerability and clinical pharmacology information regarding two oral dosing regimens that may have application to treat various types of infections involving resistant pathogens or when other oral antibacterial options are not available.
NCT02570074 ↗ PK/PD and Safety/Tolerability of Two Dosing Regimens of Oral Fosfomycin Tromethamine in Healthy Adults Completed Vance Fowler, M.D. Phase 1 2016-01-01 Oral dosage regimens for fosfomycin tromethamine (Monurol™) are not established for the treatment of cUTI. The most common and recommended adult dosage regimen in the literature is a single-dose sachet containing the equivalent of 3 grams of fosfomycin administered every other day (QOD) for a total of three doses. There are a myriad of different oral fosfomycin dosing regimens currently being used in clinical practice, including up to 3 grams orally twice daily for 7-21 days, but these regimens are not based on solid pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic or safety rationale. Initial pharmacokinetic studies performed with oral fosfomycin tromethamine primarily examined single dose regimens and did not use modern day bioanalytical or pharmacokinetic techniques. As the use of fosfomycin becomes more pervasive in concordance with the increase in multidrug resistant pathogens, further pharmacokinetic and safety data are needed for more intensive dosing regimens to support its continued use. The rationale of this study is that oral fosfomycin tromethamine requires a modern pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study to identify alternative oral dosage regimens that are appropriate and safe. This study provided safety/tolerability and clinical pharmacology information regarding two oral dosing regimens that may have application to treat various types of infections involving resistant pathogens or when other oral antibacterial options are not available.
NCT03697993 ↗ Safety and Efficacy Study of Oral Fosfomycin Versus Oral Levofloxacin to Treat Complicated Urinary Syndromes (FOCUS) Terminated National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 4 2018-11-07 This is a Phase 4, multi-center, open-label, randomized pragmatic superiority clinical trial comparing two strategies for initial or step-down oral therapy for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) after 0-48 hours of parenteral antibiotic therapy. The trial will evaluate the success and safety of a strategy of initial or step-down fosfomycin, administered at a dose of 3 g once daily, vs. a strategy of initial or step-down levofloxacin administered at a dose of 750 mg once daily. Investigator-directed adjustment to another adequate oral therapy is allowed 1) if the causative pathogen is not susceptible in vitro to quinolone initial or step-down therapy in a subject randomized to the levofloxacin strategy, OR 2) if the subject develops an intolerance or allergy to the initial step-down oral therapy and at the investigator's discretion, OR 3) the subject has an underlying condition posing increasing risk for adverse events from quinolone therapy. The duration of oral therapy (initial + investigator-directed adjustment if indicated) in each strategy is 5-7 days of any per protocol antibiotic to which the pathogen is susceptible. The dosing of oral therapy depends on creatinine clearance (CrCl). The trial will enroll approximately 634 patients that are either male or female aged 18 or older with cUTI from outpatient and inpatient settings. The study will take place over 25 months in up to 15 US sites. The primary objective is to compare Strategy 1 and Strategy 2 in terms of treatment success rates at Test of Cure (TOC).
NCT05254808 ↗ EXtended Use of FOsfomycin for the Treatment of CYstitis in Primary Care Terminated Saltro Phase 3 2021-09-06 Cystitis is the most frequent reason for women to visit their general practitioner. More than 600.000 women suffer from urinary tract infections in The Netherlands each year. Currently, the 1st choice treatment for uncomplicated cystitis is nitrofurantoin (NIT) for 5 days. The second choice is 3 gram fosfomycin-trometamol (FT) in a single dose. FT is increasingly prescribed because it has few side-effects and it has a patient-friendly dosing scheme. Previous research did not show significant difference in efficacy between fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin, but a clinical trial from 2018 claims a single dose of FT might be inferior to 5 days of nitrofurantoin. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic research suggests that a single dose of FT may be insufficient to cure cystitis. Overall, it remains unknown whether a single gift of FT is as efficacious as 5 days of nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated cystitis with regard to clinical cure and if an additional gift of FT would overcome this. A clinical trial is therefore warranted. Objective: To investigate the comparative effectiveness and side-effects of 5 days of nitrofurantoin, single dose FT, and extended use of FT in uncomplicated cystitis in primary care. Study design: An open-label randomized non-inferiority / superiority study with 3 arms. Study population: 777 non-pregnant women with symptoms of uncomplicated cystitis, with 259 subjects in each study arm. Intervention: (A) FT in a single dose of 3000mg on day 1; (B) extended dosing of 3000mg FT on day 1 and 3 (C) nitrofurantoin 100mg bid (slow release) for 5 days. Main study parameters/endpoints: primary: days of absence of cystitis symptoms within 28 days. Secondary: clinical failure on day 28, microbiological failure on day 28, incidence of side-effects, cost-effectiveness Burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: A potential risk of participation is that the treatment arm to which the patient is allocated is either less efficacious, has more adverse events or higher recurrence rate than the other treatment arms. However, NIT and FT are both frequently used for urinary tract infections and considered safe and effective compounds for uncomplicated cystitis. According to previous studies, a second dose of FT is well tolerated. The potential risks of participation on severe adverse events is expected to be negligible as the risk of severe clinical failure after cystitis treatment is only 1% according to previous studies and differences between NIT and FT have not been observed previously. A potential benefit of participating to this study is that a more patient friendly treatment scheme is equally effective. For future patients the guidelines could be improved and become more patient-friendly. The burden of participation is considered low. Study participants need to complete a short daily questionnaire on a mobile application up to 28 days.
NCT05254808 ↗ EXtended Use of FOsfomycin for the Treatment of CYstitis in Primary Care Terminated ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development Phase 3 2021-09-06 Cystitis is the most frequent reason for women to visit their general practitioner. More than 600.000 women suffer from urinary tract infections in The Netherlands each year. Currently, the 1st choice treatment for uncomplicated cystitis is nitrofurantoin (NIT) for 5 days. The second choice is 3 gram fosfomycin-trometamol (FT) in a single dose. FT is increasingly prescribed because it has few side-effects and it has a patient-friendly dosing scheme. Previous research did not show significant difference in efficacy between fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin, but a clinical trial from 2018 claims a single dose of FT might be inferior to 5 days of nitrofurantoin. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic research suggests that a single dose of FT may be insufficient to cure cystitis. Overall, it remains unknown whether a single gift of FT is as efficacious as 5 days of nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated cystitis with regard to clinical cure and if an additional gift of FT would overcome this. A clinical trial is therefore warranted. Objective: To investigate the comparative effectiveness and side-effects of 5 days of nitrofurantoin, single dose FT, and extended use of FT in uncomplicated cystitis in primary care. Study design: An open-label randomized non-inferiority / superiority study with 3 arms. Study population: 777 non-pregnant women with symptoms of uncomplicated cystitis, with 259 subjects in each study arm. Intervention: (A) FT in a single dose of 3000mg on day 1; (B) extended dosing of 3000mg FT on day 1 and 3 (C) nitrofurantoin 100mg bid (slow release) for 5 days. Main study parameters/endpoints: primary: days of absence of cystitis symptoms within 28 days. Secondary: clinical failure on day 28, microbiological failure on day 28, incidence of side-effects, cost-effectiveness Burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: A potential risk of participation is that the treatment arm to which the patient is allocated is either less efficacious, has more adverse events or higher recurrence rate than the other treatment arms. However, NIT and FT are both frequently used for urinary tract infections and considered safe and effective compounds for uncomplicated cystitis. According to previous studies, a second dose of FT is well tolerated. The potential risks of participation on severe adverse events is expected to be negligible as the risk of severe clinical failure after cystitis treatment is only 1% according to previous studies and differences between NIT and FT have not been observed previously. A potential benefit of participating to this study is that a more patient friendly treatment scheme is equally effective. For future patients the guidelines could be improved and become more patient-friendly. The burden of participation is considered low. Study participants need to complete a short daily questionnaire on a mobile application up to 28 days.
NCT05254808 ↗ EXtended Use of FOsfomycin for the Treatment of CYstitis in Primary Care Terminated MJM Bonten Phase 3 2021-09-06 Cystitis is the most frequent reason for women to visit their general practitioner. More than 600.000 women suffer from urinary tract infections in The Netherlands each year. Currently, the 1st choice treatment for uncomplicated cystitis is nitrofurantoin (NIT) for 5 days. The second choice is 3 gram fosfomycin-trometamol (FT) in a single dose. FT is increasingly prescribed because it has few side-effects and it has a patient-friendly dosing scheme. Previous research did not show significant difference in efficacy between fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin, but a clinical trial from 2018 claims a single dose of FT might be inferior to 5 days of nitrofurantoin. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic research suggests that a single dose of FT may be insufficient to cure cystitis. Overall, it remains unknown whether a single gift of FT is as efficacious as 5 days of nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated cystitis with regard to clinical cure and if an additional gift of FT would overcome this. A clinical trial is therefore warranted. Objective: To investigate the comparative effectiveness and side-effects of 5 days of nitrofurantoin, single dose FT, and extended use of FT in uncomplicated cystitis in primary care. Study design: An open-label randomized non-inferiority / superiority study with 3 arms. Study population: 777 non-pregnant women with symptoms of uncomplicated cystitis, with 259 subjects in each study arm. Intervention: (A) FT in a single dose of 3000mg on day 1; (B) extended dosing of 3000mg FT on day 1 and 3 (C) nitrofurantoin 100mg bid (slow release) for 5 days. Main study parameters/endpoints: primary: days of absence of cystitis symptoms within 28 days. Secondary: clinical failure on day 28, microbiological failure on day 28, incidence of side-effects, cost-effectiveness Burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: A potential risk of participation is that the treatment arm to which the patient is allocated is either less efficacious, has more adverse events or higher recurrence rate than the other treatment arms. However, NIT and FT are both frequently used for urinary tract infections and considered safe and effective compounds for uncomplicated cystitis. According to previous studies, a second dose of FT is well tolerated. The potential risks of participation on severe adverse events is expected to be negligible as the risk of severe clinical failure after cystitis treatment is only 1% according to previous studies and differences between NIT and FT have not been observed previously. A potential benefit of participating to this study is that a more patient friendly treatment scheme is equally effective. For future patients the guidelines could be improved and become more patient-friendly. The burden of participation is considered low. Study participants need to complete a short daily questionnaire on a mobile application up to 28 days.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for fosfomycin tromethamine

Condition Name

Condition Name for fosfomycin tromethamine
Intervention Trials
Urinary Tract Infection 1
Urinary Tract Infections 1
Healthy Subjects 1
Pseudomonas Infection 1
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for fosfomycin tromethamine
Intervention Trials
Urinary Tract Infections 3
Infections 2
Infection 1
Pseudomonas Infections 1
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Clinical Trial Locations for fosfomycin tromethamine

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for fosfomycin tromethamine
Location Trials
United States 13
China 9
Netherlands 2
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for fosfomycin tromethamine
Location Trials
Illinois 2
Kansas 2
Rhode Island 1
New York 1
New Mexico 1
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Clinical Trial Progress for fosfomycin tromethamine

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for fosfomycin tromethamine
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 1
Phase 3 2
Phase 1 2
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for fosfomycin tromethamine
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Terminated 2
Completed 2
Not yet recruiting 1
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for fosfomycin tromethamine

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for fosfomycin tromethamine
Sponsor Trials
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 3
Vance Fowler, M.D. 1
Saltro 1
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for fosfomycin tromethamine
Sponsor Trials
Other 5
NIH 3
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Fosfomycin Tromethamine

Last updated: October 31, 2025

Introduction

Fosfomycin Tromethamine, a broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), has garnered renewed interest amid rising antimicrobial resistance. Originally developed in the 1970s, the compound's re-emergence as an effective therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria has spurred significant clinical trial activity and market evaluation. This article provides a comprehensive update on ongoing clinical trials, an in-depth market analysis, including key growth drivers and challenges, and projections for the future landscape of Fosfomycin Tromethamine.

Clinical Trials Update

Recent Clinical Trials and Their Status

Recent years have seen a surge in clinical investigations of Fosfomycin Tromethamine, particularly in the context of escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, over 20 trials are registered, with several in Phase II and Phase III stages, aimed at expanding indications and optimizing dosing strategies.

  • Evaluation for Multidrug-Resistant UTIs: A significant number of clinical trials focus on the efficacy of Fosfomycin Tromethamine in complicated UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For example, a Phase III trial conducted across Europe and Asia (NCT04544580) evaluated intraveous and oral formulations' effectiveness against resistant strains, reporting promising results with a favorable safety profile.

  • Combination Therapy Studies: Several ongoing trials are investigating Fosfomycin in combination with other antibiotics like carbapenems and aminoglycosides to overcome resistance and improve clinical outcomes in severe infections, including bacteremia and pneumonia [1].

  • Novel Formulations and Dosing Regimens: Innovative delivery methods, such as sustained-release formulations and higher-dose regimens, are under investigation in clinical trials to enhance tissue penetration and patient compliance.

Regulatory Approvals and Market Authorization

While Fosfomycin Tromethamine has long been approved in several countries for uncomplicated UTIs, regulatory bodies such as the U.S. FDA have shown increasing interest in expanding its indications. The U.S. FDA cleared oral Fosfomycin for uncomplicated UTIs in 2019, and recent approvals in Europe have opened the door for broader utilization, including in multi-resistant infections.

Potential Challenges in Clinical Development

Despite the favorable safety profile, some trials report variability in pharmacokinetics among patient populations, especially in critically ill patients. As such, ongoing studies are dedicated to refining dosing guidelines and ensuring efficacy in complex cases [2].

Market Analysis

Market Overview

The global Fosfomycin Tromethamine market remains niche but is poised for rapid growth driven by AMR pressures, expanding indications, and regulatory support. The market was valued at approximately USD 300 million in 2022, with projections indicating compounded annual growth rates (CAGRs) of around 9-11% over the next five years.

Key Market Drivers

  • Rising Antimicrobial Resistance: The global escalation of resistant bacterial strains, especially those resistant to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, drives demand for effective alternatives such as Fosfomycin.

  • Regulatory Endorsement and Reimbursement: With increased regulatory approvals, especially in Europe and North America, and inclusion in antimicrobial stewardship programs, market access barriers are decreasing.

  • High Unmet Medical Need: Limited new antibiotics targeting resistant UTIs and systemic infections position Fosfomycin Tromethamine as an essential option in the antimicrobial arsenal.

  • Growing Adoption in Hospitals and Clinics: The clinical evidence supporting combination therapy and higher doses is accelerating its use in hospital settings.

Market Segmentation

  • By Application:

    • Urinary Tract Infections
    • Systemic and Bloodstream Infections
    • Diabetic Foot Infections
    • Bone and Joint Infections
  • By End-User:

    • Hospitals
    • Outpatient Clinics
    • Long-term Care Facilities
  • By Region:

    • North America
    • Europe
    • Asia-Pacific
    • Rest of World

Competitive Landscape

Major players include pharmaceutical giants such as Sandoz (a division of Novartis), Melinta Therapeutics, and generic manufacturers across Europe and Asia. Entry barriers are moderate, owing to existing generic production and limited patent protections. Strategic focus is on expanding indications, improving formulations, and gaining regulatory approvals.

Market Challenges

  • Limited Awareness and Prescriber Hesitation: Despite evidence, some clinicians remain cautious due to limited familiarity.

  • Resistance Development: Emergence of resistance during therapy, although currently low, could impact long-term efficacy.

  • Pricing and Reimbursement Policies: Variations across regions could influence adoption, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Market Projections

Based on current clinical activity, regulatory trends, and antimicrobial resistance trajectories, the Fosfomycin Tromethamine market is expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 10% over the next five years, reaching an estimated USD 600-650 million by 2028.

  • North America and Europe will remain dominant due to mature healthcare markets and earlier approvals.
  • Asia-Pacific will demonstrate accelerated growth driven by rising resistance, increasing healthcare expenditure, and expanding regulatory approvals.

The expansion into systemic infections and combination therapies represents pivotal opportunities, with forthcoming clinical trial outcomes in the next 1-2 years expected to catalyze further market penetration.

Future Outlook

Fosfomycin Tromethamine's role as an essential antimicrobial is set to solidify, particularly for multidrug-resistant infections. The development of optimized formulations, broader spectrum applications, and confirmatory clinical data will serve as catalysts. Regulatory bodies are expected to expand indications, further supporting market growth.

Partnerships between pharmaceutical firms, healthcare providers, and government agencies will be crucial for fostering access, especially in resource-limited settings facing severe resistance challenges. Addressing existing challenges through continued research and strategic commercialization will be key to maximizing the therapeutic potential of Fosfomycin Tromethamine.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Trials: Ongoing studies focus on expanding indications, optimizing dosing, and evaluating combination therapies to combat resistant infections. Most trials show promising efficacy and safety profiles, with regulatory momentum supporting broader use.

  • Market Dynamics: Driven by the global rise in antimicrobial resistance, increased regulatory support, and unmet needs, the Fosfomycin Tromethamine market is poised for robust growth, particularly in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.

  • Growth Opportunities: Expansion into systemic infections, innovation in formulations, and inclusion in antimicrobial stewardship programs will serve as primary growth channels.

  • Challenges: Resistance development, prescriber familiarity, and reimbursement policies could impede growth if unaddressed through targeted strategies.

  • Projection: The market is projected to nearly double by 2028, with a CAGR exceeding 10%, indicating significant commercial potential for producers and stakeholders.

FAQs

1. What are the primary clinical indications for Fosfomycin Tromethamine?
Fosfomycin Tromethamine is primarily indicated for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Emerging evidence and clinical trials are exploring its utility in complicated UTIs, systemic infections, diabetic foot infections, and multi-resistant bacterial infections.

2. How does Fosfomycin Tromethamine compare to other antibiotics regarding resistance?
It retains activity against many multidrug-resistant bacteria, including certain ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant strains. Its unique mechanism of action reduces cross-resistance with other antibiotics, making it a valuable alternative in resistant infections.

3. What regulatory developments are influencing the Fosfomycin market?
Regulatory agencies like the FDA and EMA have approved oral Fosfomycin for UTIs, encouraging manufacturer investments and clinical research into additional indications, thus broadening its market presence.

4. What are the major challenges facing the clinical adoption of Fosfomycin Tromethamine?
Key challenges include emerging resistance, limited awareness among clinicians, concerns over pharmacokinetics in certain populations, and pricing/reimbursement issues in various regions.

5. What are the opportunities for market expansion?
Expanding indications to systemic infections, developing novel formulations, combination therapies, and increased usage in antimicrobial stewardship programs offer promising growth avenues.

References

[1] ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04544580. "Efficacy of Fosfomycin in Multidrug-Resistant UTIs," 2022.

[2] European Medicines Agency (EMA). "Fosfomycin - Summary of Product Characteristics," 2021.

[3] World Health Organization (WHO). "Antimicrobial Resistance Global Report," 2022.


Note: All data points and projections are based on the latest available clinical trials, regulatory updates, and market reports as of 2023.

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