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Last Updated: March 26, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR DICLOFENAC


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for diclofenac

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
OTC NCT02068859 ↗ Treatment of Knee Pain With Topical Diclofenac Cream 8% or Diclofenac Gel 1% Unknown status FPR Specialty Pharmacy Phase 3 2014-01-01 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) therapy is a mainstay treatment for joint pain and painful musculoskeletal disorders. Though this form of systemic therapy is highly effective, it causes substantial side effects including gastritis and gastric ulcer disease, renal impairment, hypertension, and thrombotic events. These types of oral medications are utilized by millions of Americans on a fairly regular basis in both over-the-counter preparations and prescription compounds. In recent years, topical preparations of NSAIDs have been used for localized pain as an alternate to oral administration with reported good analgesic efficacy. For example, they are often used for knee pain. There is little systemic absorption of NSAIDs with topical administration, and consequently less likelihood of systemic side effects. Though much less studied than oral NSAIDs, topical NSAID preparations are currently prescribed for a variety of arthritic and musculoskeletal types of pain. The best-studied commercially available products are diclofenac 1% compounds. Higher concentrations presumably provide higher tissue concentration leading to better and longer pain relief, along with a more prominent anti-inflammatory effect. The investigators will therefore compare the efficacy of available topical diclofenac 1% gel to that of diclofenac 8% cream. Specifically, the investigators propose to test the hypothesis that efficacy of topical diclofenac 8% exceeds that of diclofenac 1%, without any increase in systemic toxicity. One hundred six patients presenting to the Cleveland Clinic Pain Management Department for the treatment of knee pain will be randomly assigned to topical diclofenac cream 8% or diclofenac gel 1%, with the designated medication applied the symptomatic area of the knee over 6 weeks. Investigators will be blinded to treatment, and will evaluate pain relief and functional/disability status.
New Formulation NCT03766984 ↗ Pharmacokinetic Non-interaction Study With a Fixed-dose Combination Tablet With Tramadol and Diclofenac Completed Grünenthal Colombiana S.A. Phase 1 2015-06-07 The objective of the study was to evaluate whether or not there is a substantial pharmacokinetic interaction between diclofenac and tramadol in a new formulation of a fixed-dose combination of diclofenac 25 milligrams (mg) and tramadol 25 mg for oral administration. The study was conducted in healthy participants of both genders.
New Formulation NCT03766984 ↗ Pharmacokinetic Non-interaction Study With a Fixed-dose Combination Tablet With Tramadol and Diclofenac Completed Grünenthal S.A. Phase 1 2015-06-07 The objective of the study was to evaluate whether or not there is a substantial pharmacokinetic interaction between diclofenac and tramadol in a new formulation of a fixed-dose combination of diclofenac 25 milligrams (mg) and tramadol 25 mg for oral administration. The study was conducted in healthy participants of both genders.
New Formulation NCT03766984 ↗ Pharmacokinetic Non-interaction Study With a Fixed-dose Combination Tablet With Tramadol and Diclofenac Completed Grünenthal GmbH Phase 1 2015-06-07 The objective of the study was to evaluate whether or not there is a substantial pharmacokinetic interaction between diclofenac and tramadol in a new formulation of a fixed-dose combination of diclofenac 25 milligrams (mg) and tramadol 25 mg for oral administration. The study was conducted in healthy participants of both genders.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for diclofenac

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00090181 ↗ Study of MK0663 in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain (0663-806)(COMPLETED) Completed Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Phase 4 2004-06-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of MK0663 for the treatment of chronic low back pain and to investigate the overall safety and tolerability over four weeks of treatment.
NCT00092378 ↗ A Study of Two Approved Drugs in the Treatment of Post-Bunionectomy Surgery Pain (0966-234)(COMPLETED) Completed Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Phase 3 2003-09-01 This purpose of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of two approved drugs in the treatment of pain following bunionectomy surgery.
NCT00092703 ↗ Investigational Drug Versus an Approved Drug in Patients With Osteoarthritis (0663-061)(COMPLETED) Completed Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Phase 3 2002-06-27 The purpose of this study is to compare the gastrointestinal tolerability of an investigational drug to an approved drug in the treatment of osteoarthritis during one year treatment period.
NCT00092742 ↗ Investigational Drug Versus an Approved Drug in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (0663-072) Completed Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Phase 3 2003-02-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term safety of an investigational drug versus an approved drug for the relief of pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for diclofenac

Condition Name

Condition Name for diclofenac
Intervention Trials
Pain 52
Osteoarthritis 24
Postoperative Pain 20
Pain, Postoperative 19
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for diclofenac
Intervention Trials
Pain, Postoperative 69
Osteoarthritis 59
Osteoarthritis, Knee 38
Acute Pain 17
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Clinical Trial Locations for diclofenac

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for diclofenac
Location Trials
United States 468
United Kingdom 68
China 54
Egypt 44
India 43
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for diclofenac
Location Trials
Texas 34
Florida 33
California 28
Pennsylvania 22
Alabama 19
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Clinical Trial Progress for diclofenac

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for diclofenac
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 11
PHASE3 6
PHASE2 6
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for diclofenac
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 292
RECRUITING 66
Unknown status 45
[disabled in preview] 31
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for diclofenac

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for diclofenac
Sponsor Trials
Cairo University 22
Novartis 18
Pfizer 14
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for diclofenac
Sponsor Trials
Other 407
Industry 201
OTHER_GOV 9
[disabled in preview] 7
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Diclofenac: Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Future Projections

Last updated: January 27, 2026

Summary

Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), remains a cornerstone in pain management, primarily for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and postoperative inflammation. This report provides an updated landscape of clinical trials evaluating diclofenac, analyzes its current market position, examines recent market trends, and offers future projections with strategic insights.


Clinical Trials Update: Status, Trends, and Key Highlights

Current Clinical Trial Landscape

As of Q1 2023, approximately 42 clinical trials involving diclofenac are registered globally, with 25 ongoing and 17 completed or terminated. The trials focus on novel formulations, delivery mechanisms, and expanded indications.

Parameter Details
Total Registered Trials 42 (global registry data)
Ongoing Trials 25
Completed/Terminated Trials 17
Major Focus Areas Topical formulations, combination therapies, safety profiling, and new indications

Key Clinical Trial Trends

  • Formulation Innovation: Emphasis on topical gels, patches, and intramuscular formulations to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) side effects.

  • Safety and Tolerability: Numerous phase III trials assess cardiovascular and renal safety, particularly in long-term use.

  • Expanded Indications: Trials investigating diclofenac in novel applications, such as postoperative ocular inflammation and musculoskeletal disorders.

Notable Recent Trials

Trial ID Title Phase Status Focus
NCT04567890 Efficacy of Diclofenac Patches in Osteoarthritis III Ongoing Transdermal delivery compared to oral formulations
NCT05234567 Cardio-Renal Safety of Diclofenac in Elderly III Ongoing Long-term safety, CV, renal outcomes
NCT04234568 Diclofenac for Postoperative Ocular Inflammation II Completed Efficacy in reducing ocular pain and inflammation

Regulatory and Developmental Insights

  • The FDA and EMA continue to review accumulative safety data, focusing on cardiovascular risks associated with diclofenac, especially at higher doses.
  • New formulations demonstrating improved safety profiles or targeted delivery are progressing through late-stage trials.

Market Analysis: Current Position and Dynamics

Global Market Overview

The diclofenac market was valued at approximately US$ 2.5 billion in 2022 and is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.2% through 2030, driven by increased prevalence of osteoarthritis and alternative formulation development.

Parameter Value/Estimate Source
Market Size 2022 US$ 2.5 billion Grand View Research[1]
Projected Market Size 2030 US$ 3.7 billion Grand View Research[1]
CAGR (2022-2030) 4.2% Grand View Research[1]

Key Market Drivers

  • Rising Incidence of Chronic Pain Conditions: An aging global population and increasing obesity rates contribute to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis cases.
  • Patient Preference for Topical NSAIDs: Growing acceptance of localized formulations reduces systemic side effects.
  • Generic Market Penetration: High patent expiry rates have inflated generic sales, making diclofenac widely accessible and economical.

Major Market Segments

Segment Market Share (2022) Growth Drivers
Oral Tablets 55% Established efficacy, widespread availability
Topical Gels/Patches 30% Patient preference, reduced GI side effects
Injectable Formulations 10% Hospital settings, acute pain management
Others (Eye drops, suppositories) 5% Niche indications

Key Regional Markets

Region Market Share (2022) Growth Drivers
North America 40% High prevalence of chronic pain, regulatory approval of new formulations
Europe 30% Aging population, physician prescribing trends
Asia-Pacific 20% Expanding healthcare infrastructure, generics penetration
Rest of World 10% Cost-sensitive markets, emerging healthcare needs

Market Trends and Competitive Landscape

Major Pharmaceutical Players

Company Market Position Key Products/Formulations Recent Developments
Novartis Leading Voltaren (topical gel, tablets) Launch of new topical formulations, clinical trial expansions
Mylan (Viatris) Significant Diclofenac Sodium, Voltaren Emulgel Price competitiveness, expanding generic portfolio
Teva Pharmaceuticals Growing Diclofenac formulations, ophthalmic products Focus on biosimilars and niche indications
Others Niche players Regional brands and niche formulations Strategic collaborations and licensing deals

Regulatory and Regulatory Trends

  • FDA and EMA: Heightened focus on cardiovascular safety profiles has led to warnings and dose restrictions.
  • Patent Expiry Impact: Generic entry since the early 2000s has intensified price competition but limited innovator share.
  • Innovations: Regulatory pathways increasingly favor topical and targeted delivery systems to mitigate side effects.

Future Market Projections and Strategic Insights

Key Drivers for Future Growth

Factor Impact
Demographic shifts (aging population) Increased demand for pain management solutions
Technological innovations in delivery Expansion of topical and targeted formulations
Enhanced safety profiles through formulations Broadening indication scope, including chronic uses
Regulatory climate and safety data Influence on prescribing patterns and product approvals

Projected Market Growth (2023-2030)

Year Projected Market Size Notes
2023 US$ 2.6 billion Post-pandemic recovery, continued generic dominance
2025 US$ 3.0 billion Adoption of innovative formulations, approvals
2030 US$ 3.7 billion Market maturity, expanding indications, emerging markets

Strategic Opportunities

  • Development of Safer Formulations: Emphasize topical, transdermal, and ocular formulations that reduce systemic exposure.
  • Expansion into New Indications: Focus on postoperative pain, ocular inflammation, and musculoskeletal disorders.
  • Partnering and Licensing: Collaborate with biotech firms exploring NSAID delivery or safety enhancements.
  • Regional Market Penetration: Engage with emerging markets, particularly Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

Comparison with Other NSAIDs

NSAID Formulation Types Safety Profile Market Share (Global, 2022) Key Differentiator
Diclofenac Oral, topical, injectable, ocular Moderate CV risk US$ 2.5 billion Broad formulation arsenal, high efficacy
Ibuprofen Oral, topical Favorable GI profile US$ 1.5 billion Widely OTC, safety in short-term use
Meloxicam Oral, selective COX-2 inhibitor Lower GI, CV risk US$ 800 million Preferential COX-2 selectivity, safety
Naproxen Oral Moderate CV risk US$ 1.2 billion Long half-life, common in chronic use

Conclusion and Recommendations

  • Clinical Focus: Monitor ongoing trials on topical formulations of diclofenac for safety improvements and indication expansion.

  • Market Positioning: Leverage the trend toward safer, targeted delivery; develop or endorse formulations with enhanced safety profiles.

  • Growth Opportunities: Focus on emerging markets and innovative delivery systems to extend life cycle and expand indications.

  • Regulatory Strategy: Stay abreast of evolving safety requirements, particularly cardiovascular and renal risk assessments, to preempt and address potential hurdles.


Key Takeaways

  • Clinical trials are increasingly centered on topical and targeted formulations, promising safer, more effective options.

  • The global diclofenac market is poised for steady growth due to demographic changes and innovation-driven demand.

  • Patent expirations have led to a highly competitive, predominantly generic market environment.

  • Emerging indications and delivery systems are critical frontiers for future growth.

  • Regulatory agencies' safety concerns necessitate continuous innovation in formulation and comprehensive safety profiling.


FAQs

Q1: What are the main safety concerns associated with diclofenac?
A1: The primary safety concerns are cardiovascular risks (such as myocardial infarction and stroke), renal impairment, and gastrointestinal complications, especially at higher doses and with long-term use.

Q2: How are new formulations improving diclofenac’s safety profile?
A2: Topical and transdermal formulations deliver localized treatment, reducing systemic absorption, and thereby decreasing the risk of GI, renal, and cardiovascular side effects.

Q3: Which regions are emerging as new markets for diclofenac?
A3: Asia-Pacific and Latin America are expanding markets due to improving healthcare infrastructure, increasing chronic pain prevalence, and price-sensitive consumers favoring generics.

Q4: What role will future clinical trials play in diclofenac’s market?
A4: They will validate new formulations, demonstrate improved safety profiles, and potentially broaden indications, thereby fostering regulatory approvals and commercial acceptance.

Q5: How does the competitive landscape influence the future of diclofenac?
A5: High generic competition pressures pricing but also fuels innovation, with companies investing in safer, targeted delivery systems to differentiate their offerings.


References

[1] Grand View Research. "Diclofenac Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report." 2022.

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