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Last Updated: March 27, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT01349140 ↗ EXPAREL Dose-Response for Single-Injection Femoral Nerve Blocks Completed Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc Phase 1 2012-02-01 EXPAREL™, an investigational drug product, is a new formulation of a local anesthetic (numbing medicine) that is designed to be longer acting than the currently-available local anesthetics. The purpose of this study is to define the dose-response curve of EXPAREL, an investigational extended-duration formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine, on both motor and sensory block when applied in a fixed volume adjacent to the femoral nerve.
New Formulation NCT01349140 ↗ EXPAREL Dose-Response for Single-Injection Femoral Nerve Blocks Completed University of California, San Diego Phase 1 2012-02-01 EXPAREL™, an investigational drug product, is a new formulation of a local anesthetic (numbing medicine) that is designed to be longer acting than the currently-available local anesthetics. The purpose of this study is to define the dose-response curve of EXPAREL, an investigational extended-duration formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine, on both motor and sensory block when applied in a fixed volume adjacent to the femoral nerve.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00247897 ↗ Comparing Skin Disinfectants Before Labour Epidural Analgesia Completed University of British Columbia N/A 2005-11-01 The purpose of this study is to compare the current standard skin disinfectant solution for labour epidurals used at BC Women's Hospital to another common skin disinfectant and to the skin disinfectant solution recommended by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) prior to placing special intravenous lines. There is very little information available to guide doctors in deciding which is the best skin disinfectant for epidural analgesia. The study hypothesis is that the disinfectant solution recommended by the PHAC will be the most effective.
NCT00739583 ↗ Visibility of Site Marking for Surgical Time Out With Two Different Skin Preparation Solutions Completed Johns Hopkins University Phase 4 2008-08-01 Skin preparation solutions are used to clean the skin of the patient before surgery to decrease the rate of infection. This is particularly important for hip replacement to reduce the risk of prosthetic joint infection. The use of a mark on the skin for site identification has become the standard of care to decrease wrong site surgery. The Joint Commission has mandated site identification as part of the surgical "time-out". This procedure is also mandated by hospital policy. Preliminary work on cadaveric skin shows that the type of skin preparation can erase the mark used for surgical site identification. Erasure of the mark presents the surgeon with difficulty in performing the site identification. Any error or lack of visualization of the site marking could lead to catastrophic wrong site surgery. The investigators hypothesis is that chlorhexidine based skin preparation solutions erase site marking in comparison to iodine based skin preparation solutions. The investigators intend to prospectively study twenty patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Patients will be randomized to either a chlorhexidine based or an iodine based skin preparation solution. These solutions are both the current gold standard of clinical care. No differences have been shown in infection rates for total hip arthroplasty between these solutions. The site marking will be performed by the same surgeon in a standardized manner. The site marking will include the surgeon's three initials as per usual routine. Underneath the initials three random initials will be placed with a horizontal line drawn underneath. The preparation of the skin will be performed according to the manufacturer's specifications. Digital photographs will be taken of the skin marking after skin preparation. Photographs of the three random initials will be de-identified and placed in a "Powerpoint" presentation form. Ten orthopaedic surgeons will then read the site markings to identify the random initials and to tell whether the mark looks appropriate to perform a surgical timeout. The horizontal line will be digitally analyzed using Adobe Photoshop to quantitatively measure blackness of the mark.
NCT00829023 ↗ Efficacy of Surgical Preparation Solutions in Shoulder Surgery Completed CareFusion N/A 2007-06-01 The purpose of the present study was to examine the native bacteria around the shoulder and determine the efficacy of three different surgical skin-preparation solutions on the eradication of bacteria from the shoulder.
NCT00829023 ↗ Efficacy of Surgical Preparation Solutions in Shoulder Surgery Completed Northwestern University N/A 2007-06-01 The purpose of the present study was to examine the native bacteria around the shoulder and determine the efficacy of three different surgical skin-preparation solutions on the eradication of bacteria from the shoulder.
NCT01216761 ↗ A Cluster-randomized Cross-over Trial Evaluating the Comparative Effectiveness of Three Skin Antiseptic Interventions Completed Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation N/A 2008-05-01 Background: Contaminated blood cultures result in unnecessary antibiotic use, increased length of stay, and additional laboratory tests, all of which increase healthcare costs. While the optimal skin antisepsis agent for reducing blood culture contamination is not known, the cost of various agents differs substantially. Objective: To determine the relative rates of blood culture contamination for 3 skin antisepsis interventions - 10% povidone iodine aqueous solution (PI), 2% iodine tincture (IT) and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol (CHG) - when used by dedicated phlebotomy teams to obtain peripheral blood cultures in adult non-ICU medical and surgical patients.
NCT01216761 ↗ A Cluster-randomized Cross-over Trial Evaluating the Comparative Effectiveness of Three Skin Antiseptic Interventions Completed University of Michigan N/A 2008-05-01 Background: Contaminated blood cultures result in unnecessary antibiotic use, increased length of stay, and additional laboratory tests, all of which increase healthcare costs. While the optimal skin antisepsis agent for reducing blood culture contamination is not known, the cost of various agents differs substantially. Objective: To determine the relative rates of blood culture contamination for 3 skin antisepsis interventions - 10% povidone iodine aqueous solution (PI), 2% iodine tincture (IT) and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol (CHG) - when used by dedicated phlebotomy teams to obtain peripheral blood cultures in adult non-ICU medical and surgical patients.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol

Condition Name

Condition Name for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol
Intervention Trials
Breast Surgery 3
Surgical Site Infection 2
Trauma Injury 2
Anesthesia, Local 2
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol
Intervention Trials
Communicable Diseases 3
Pain, Postoperative 3
Acute Pain 3
Infections 3
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Clinical Trial Locations for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol
Location Trials
United States 17
Canada 3
United Kingdom 1
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol
Location Trials
California 7
Pennsylvania 2
Illinois 2
Wisconsin 1
Florida 1
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Clinical Trial Progress for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 12
Phase 3 2
Phase 1 1
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 12
Recruiting 3
Not yet recruiting 3
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol
Sponsor Trials
University of California, San Diego 9
Northwestern University 2
Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc 1
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for chlorhexidine gluconate; isopropyl alcohol
Sponsor Trials
Other 26
Industry 4
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Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projection for Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Isopropyl Alcohol

Last updated: February 20, 2026

What is the current status of clinical trials for Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Isopropyl Alcohol?

Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) and Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) are widely used disinfectants in healthcare. Their clinical trial activity primarily relates to infection control and skin antisepsis.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

  • Ongoing studies focus on its efficacy in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), and skin antisepsis.
  • Latest trials reported in 2022-2023 include:
    • A multicenter, randomized controlled trial (NCT04873486) comparing CHG-alcohol against povidone-iodine for preoperative skin preparation.
    • A phase IV observational study (NCT04592315) on long-term skin tolerability among intensive care unit patients using daily CHG baths.

Isopropyl Alcohol

  • Monitoring studies concentrate on its rapid microbial reduction capability.
  • Recent trials include:
    • A randomized trial (NCT04576134) assessing alcohol-based hand rubs with varying IPA concentrations.
    • An observational study (NCT04382594) evaluating skin irritation after frequent use during pandemic response.

Clinical Trial Landscape Summary

Compound Study Type Focus Status Sample Size Estimated Completion
Chlorhexidine Gluconate RCT Infection prevention, skin antisepsis Ongoing 1,500 2024 Q2
Isopropyl Alcohol RCT Microbial reduction, skin irritation Ongoing 1,200 2023 Q4

Market Analysis for Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Isopropyl Alcohol

Market Size and Growth

  • Global disinfectants market was valued at approximately USD 85 billion in 2022.

  • Chlorhexidine Gluconate segment accounted for USD 4.2 billion in 2022, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5% projected through 2027.

  • Isopropyl Alcohol market valued at USD 3.6 billion in 2022, with a CAGR of 4.8% expected through 2027.

Market Drivers

  • Increasing infection control protocols in hospitals and clinics.
  • Rise in surgical procedures globally.
  • Regulatory mandates emphasizing disinfection standards.
  • Rising prevalence of nosocomial infections.

Market Challenges

  • Competition from alternative disinfectants like hydrogen peroxide and quaternary ammonium compounds.
  • Regulatory hurdles concerning product approvals in different jurisdictions.
  • Supply chain disruptions impacting raw material availability.

Competitive Landscape

Major players include:

Company Market Share Key Products R&D Focus
3M 25% Chlorohexidine products, alcohol rubs Enhanced formulations for skin tolerability
Johnson & Johnson 18% Surgical antiseptics, wound care Novel delivery systems
Reckitt Benckiser 15% Alcohol-based hand rubs Rapid-drying formulations

Regional Market Breakdown

Region Market Size (USD billion) CAGR Key Drivers
North America 36 3.9% Infection control mandates, high healthcare spending
Europe 25 4.1% Regulatory standards, aging population
Asia-Pacific 15 6.2% Growing healthcare infrastructure, urbanization

Market Projections Through 2027

  • The combined market for Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Isopropyl Alcohol is projected to reach USD 20 billion.
  • Growth will be driven by innovations in formulations enhancing skin tolerability and rapidity of action.
  • Emerging markets will see higher CAGR rates due to increased healthcare investments and infection control needs.

Regulatory Context

  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies both as OTC antiseptic products, with recent 2020 guidance emphasizing evidence for skin safety and efficacy.
  • The European Medicines Agency (EMA) aligns with similar standards, requiring substantial clinical data for approval.
  • Brazil, China, and India are rapidly expanding regulatory frameworks favoring local manufacturing of disinfectants.

Investment and R&D Trends

  • Major companies are investing in nanoparticle formulations to enhance antimicrobial efficacy.
  • New applications include disinfecting devices and environmental surfaces.
  • Clinical validation of skin tolerability remains a primary research area.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical trials focus on efficacy, tolerability, and infection prevention.
  • The disinfectants market is projected to grow at approximately 5% CAGR, reaching USD 20 billion by 2027.
  • Regulatory standards emphasizing safety and efficacy shape product development.
  • Market competition centers on formulation improvements and expanding applications.
  • Asia-Pacific remains the fastest-growing regional market segment.

FAQs

1. Are there any recent regulatory restrictions on Chlorhexidine Gluconate or Isopropyl Alcohol?
Regulatory agencies have emphasized safety and efficacy data, particularly regarding skin irritation and microbial resistance. No outright bans exist; compliance with local standards is essential.

2. What innovations are driving growth in the disinfectants market?
Novel formulations include nanoparticle-enhanced antiseptics and alcohol-based products with rapid drying and improved skin tolerability.

3. How is the COVID-19 pandemic impacting the market?
Demand for hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants surged, accelerating R&D and boosting supply chain investments.

4. Which geographic regions are investing most in disinfectant R&D?
North America and Europe lead, with significant growth in Asia-Pacific due to expanding healthcare infrastructure.

5. Will the clinical trial outcomes influence product approvals and market share?
Yes. Positive efficacy and safety data enhance approval prospects and competitive positioning.


Citations

[1] MarketsandMarkets. (2023). Disinfectants Market by Type, Application, End-User & Region—Global Forecast to 2027.

[2] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Draft Guidance for Industry on Safety and Effectiveness Data.

[3] ClinicalTrials.gov. (2023). Search results for Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Isopropyl Alcohol clinical trials.

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