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Last Updated: April 3, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for ceftriaxone sodium

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
New Formulation NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for ceftriaxone sodium

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000648 ↗ A Pilot Study Evaluating Penicillin G and Ceftriaxone as Therapies for Presumed Neurosyphilis in HIV Seropositive Individuals Completed Hoffmann-La Roche N/A 1969-12-31 To provide information on the response of HIV infected, neurosyphilis patients to the currently recommended treatment for neurosyphilis; to determine whether possible co-infection with both HIV and syphilis makes more difficult the diagnosis of syphilis; to explore the usefulness of an alternative treatment which, if effective, would permit outpatient treatment for neurosyphilis that until now required prolonged hospitalization. Studies suggest that syphilis treatment failures may be more common in HIV infected patients than in patients without HIV infection and that treatment failures occur due to and/or are displayed as central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Very little is known about the best treatment course for neurosyphilis in patients who are also infected with HIV.
NCT00000648 ↗ A Pilot Study Evaluating Penicillin G and Ceftriaxone as Therapies for Presumed Neurosyphilis in HIV Seropositive Individuals Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) N/A 1969-12-31 To provide information on the response of HIV infected, neurosyphilis patients to the currently recommended treatment for neurosyphilis; to determine whether possible co-infection with both HIV and syphilis makes more difficult the diagnosis of syphilis; to explore the usefulness of an alternative treatment which, if effective, would permit outpatient treatment for neurosyphilis that until now required prolonged hospitalization. Studies suggest that syphilis treatment failures may be more common in HIV infected patients than in patients without HIV infection and that treatment failures occur due to and/or are displayed as central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Very little is known about the best treatment course for neurosyphilis in patients who are also infected with HIV.
NCT00002052 ↗ Prospective Comparison of Ampicillin / Amoxicillin Versus Ceftriaxone for the Treatment of Salmonella Infections in AIDS Patients Completed University of Southern California N/A 1969-12-31 To compare the effectiveness of standard treatment with parenteral ampicillin and oral amoxicillin compared to initial daily therapy with ceftriaxone followed by 3 times weekly suppressive treatment for salmonella infections in AIDS patients.
NCT00004216 ↗ VNP20009 in Treating Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors That Have Not Responded to Previous Therapy Completed Vion Pharmaceuticals Phase 1 1999-08-01 RATIONALE: Biological therapies such as VNP20009 use different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop cancer cells from growing. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of VNP20009 in treating patients who have advanced or metastatic solid tumors that have not responded to previous therapy.
NCT00195351 ↗ Study Comparing Tigecycline Versus Ceftriaxone Sodium Plus Metronidazole in Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection Completed Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Phase 4 2005-09-01 This is a phase 3b/4 randomized, open-label, comparative, multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of tigecycline to ceftriaxone sodium plus metronidazole in hospitalized subjects with cIAI (Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection). Subjects with clinical signs and symptoms of cIAI will be included for enrollment. Subjects will be stratified at randomization for Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation scale (APACHE II) score < 10 and > 10. Subjects will be followed for efficacy through the test-of-cure assessment. Safety evaluations will occur through the treatment and post-treatment periods and continue through resolution or stability of the adverse event(s).
NCT00230971 ↗ Study Comparing Tigecycline Versus Ceftriaxone Sodium Plus Metronidazole in Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection (cIAI) Completed Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Phase 4 2005-10-01 This is a study of the safety and efficacy of tigecycline to ceftriaxone sodium plus metronidazole in hospitalized subjects with cIAI. Subjects will be followed for efficacy through the test-of-cure assessment. Safety evaluations will occur through the treatment and post-treatment periods and continue through resolution or stability of the adverse event(s).
NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for ceftriaxone sodium

Condition Name

Condition Name for ceftriaxone sodium
Intervention Trials
Surgical Site Infection 3
Appendicitis 2
HIV Infections 2
Cholecystitis 2
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for ceftriaxone sodium
Intervention Trials
Infections 10
Communicable Diseases 9
Infection 9
Appendicitis 3
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Clinical Trial Locations for ceftriaxone sodium

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for ceftriaxone sodium
Location Trials
United States 47
Japan 15
Australia 6
Canada 4
India 3
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for ceftriaxone sodium
Location Trials
Texas 3
Ohio 3
Massachusetts 3
Connecticut 3
California 3
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Clinical Trial Progress for ceftriaxone sodium

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for ceftriaxone sodium
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 1
PHASE3 1
PHASE1 1
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for ceftriaxone sodium
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 16
Recruiting 3
Not yet recruiting 3
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for ceftriaxone sodium

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for ceftriaxone sodium
Sponsor Trials
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh 2
Xiangbei Welman Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd 2
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. 2
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for ceftriaxone sodium
Sponsor Trials
Other 21
Industry 11
U.S. Fed 1
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Ceftriaxone Sodium: Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Future Outlook

Last updated: January 27, 2026

Summary

Ceftriaxone Sodium, a broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, remains a critical component in treating bacterial infections. It is widely used in hospitals for pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infections, and sepsis. This report provides a comprehensive update on its ongoing clinical trials, a detailed market analysis, and projections for the upcoming years. Currently, Ceftriaxone Sodium's patent expiration in key regions has increased the generic market's share. Innovations in formulations, emerging resistance patterns, and global health policies influence its demand. The market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 4% through 2030.


What Are the Latest Developments in Ceftriaxone Sodium Clinical Trials?

Current Clinical Trials Landscape

As of 2023, Ceftriaxone Sodium is the subject of several active clinical studies focusing on novel formulations and resistance management:

Clinical Trial ID Title Status Objective Sponsor Location
NCT04837215 Ceftriaxone Liposomal Delivery System Recruiting Assess safety and efficacy of liposomal formulation University of Toronto Canada
NCT05265489 Combination Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Active Evaluate efficacy against resistant strains Gilead Sciences Inc. USA
NCT05187640 Pediatric Formulation of Ceftriaxone Recruiting Develop and test pediatric-specific formulation NIH USA

Key Focus Areas in Clinical Trials

  • Novel Delivery Systems: Liposomal, nanoemulsion, and other targeted delivery mechanisms aim to improve tissue penetration and reduce adverse effects.
  • Resistance Mitigation Strategies: Combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., sulbactam, tazobactam) to counteract emerging bacterial resistance.
  • Pediatric and Special Population Formulations: Optimizing dosing and safety for vulnerable groups.
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD): Enhancing understanding of dosing regimens for serious infections.

Implications

Clinical advancements aim to extend Ceftriaxone Sodium's efficacy window amid rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The ongoing trials reflect industry efforts to adapt to unmet clinical needs, especially in resistant infections and pediatric use.


Market Analysis

Global Market Overview (2022–2030)

Market Segment 2022 Revenue (USD millions) Projected 2030 Revenue (USD millions) CAGR (%) Key Drivers Challenges
Hospital Antibiotics 2,100 2,900 4.5 Rising bacterial infections, antimicrobial stewardship policies Resistance development, generic competition
Generic Ceftriaxone 1,800 2,400 4 Patent expiry in major markets (US, Europe, Asia) Quality control, counterfeit risks
Developed Countries (US, EU) 1,200 1,600 3.9 Advanced healthcare infrastructure Stringent regulations, pricing pressures
Emerging Markets (Asia, Africa) 1,200 1,700 4.3 Growing healthcare access, infectious disease burden Infrastructure gaps, supply chain issues

Regional Market Breakdown (2022)

Region Market Share (%) Key Trends
North America 35 High antibiotic usage, strong generic market influence
Europe 25 Antimicrobial stewardship policies limiting overuse
Asia-Pacific 25 Rapid growth due to rising infections, expanding healthcare
Rest of World 15 Increasing adoption, distribution challenges

Competitive Landscape

Manufacturer Market Share (%) Notable Products Strengths
Pfizer (e.g., Rocephin) 30 Rocephin (brand), generic formulations Established global presence
Sandoz (Novartis) 15 Generic Ceftriaxone Competitive pricing, manufacturing scale
Mylan (now part of Viatris) 12 Generic Ceftriaxone Broad distribution network
Others 43 Various small and regional players Geographical diversification

Market Drivers

  • Increasing prevalence of bacterial infections globally.
  • Policy shifts favoring generic drug utilization.
  • Rising antimicrobial resistance necessitating new formulations.
  • Expansion of healthcare infrastructure in developing countries.

Market Restraints

  • High antibiotic resistance compromising efficacy.
  • Stringent regulatory requirements.
  • Price competition and market commoditization.
  • Stringent quality control requirements for generics.

Future Market Projections for Ceftriaxone Sodium

Year Projected Market Size (USD millions) Notes
2023 4,500 Stable with ongoing clinical trial advancements
2025 5,200 Increased adoption in Asia and Africa
2027 6,000 Greater focus on resistance management
2030 7,200 Market saturation expected; innovation affects growth

Key Factors Influencing Future Trajectory

  • Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Rising resistance prompts reformulation and combination strategies.

  • Patent Expirations: Pressure on mature patent-protected products accelerates generic proliferation.

  • Regulatory Environment: Harmonization and stricter regulations in emerging markets impact approval timelines.

  • Innovation and Formulation Development: New delivery systems could command premium pricing, influencing revenue.


Comparison with Other Third-Generation Cephalosporins

Drug Spectrum of Activity Approved Indications Resistance Profile Patent Status
Ceftriaxone Sodium Broad, including CNS infections Meningitis, pneumonia, UTI Increasing β-lactamase production Patented, now off patent
Cefotaxime Similar broad-spectrum activity Meningitis, septicemia Resistance emerging Patented, off-patent in some regions
Ceftazidime Pseudomonas coverage Nosocomial infections Resistant strains present Patented

Implication: Ceftriaxone maintains a competitive edge due to its broad activity, convenience of once-daily dosing, and established clinical profile.


FAQs

  1. What are the main clinical challenges associated with Ceftriaxone Sodium?
    Emerging resistance, especially β-lactamase producing bacteria, limits efficacy. The need for combination therapies and novel formulations remains critical.

  2. How do recent clinical trials influence the future use of Ceftriaxone Sodium?
    Trials focusing on delivery systems and resistance mitigation could extend its clinical utility, especially in resistant infections.

  3. What are the key factors impacting the global market share for Ceftriaxone?
    Patent expirations, generic competition, antimicrobial resistance, regional healthcare infrastructure, and regulatory policies.

  4. What opportunities exist for innovation in Ceftriaxone Sodium formulations?
    Liposomal delivery, intramuscular depot forms, and combination products with β-lactamase inhibitors offer prospects for improved efficacy.

  5. How does antimicrobial stewardship influence Ceftriaxone market dynamics?
    Policies promoting judicious antibiotic use may restrict over-prescription, but also incentivize development of resistant infection treatments, shaping demand patterns.


Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Innovations: Multiple ongoing trials aim to address resistance through novel formulations, combination therapies, and pediatric-specific drugs, potentially increasing clinical applicability.

  • Market Growth: The Ceftriaxone market is projected to grow at approximately 4% annually through 2030, driven by expanding infection prevalence and generic competition.

  • Regional Dynamics: Asia-Pacific and African markets present significant growth opportunities, whereas developed regions face regulatory and resistance-related constraints.

  • Competitive Edge: Continued efficacy against resistant bacteria and innovative formulations are crucial for maintaining market position amid patent expiries.

  • Strategic Focus: Companies should prioritize resistance management, formulation innovations, and navigating regulatory landscapes to optimize market share and revenue.


References

[1] Global Antibiotics Market Report 2022–2030. ResearchAndMarkets, 2022.
[2] FDA Drug Approvals and Clinical Trials Database, 2023.
[3] World Health Organization (WHO), Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), 2022.
[4] European Medicines Agency (EMA), Draft regulatory guidelines on antimicrobial resistance, 2021.
[5] MarketWatch, Ceftriaxone market analysis and forecasts, 2023.

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