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Last Updated: December 12, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR ZINC SULFATE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for ZINC SULFATE

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Dosage NCT00266786 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Intranasal Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Following Major Abdominal Surgery Completed Egalet Ltd Phase 3 2005-12-01 Ketorolac has been marketed for several years in other forms (tablet and injectable) for the short-term relief of pain. This study will test whether a new dosage form (nasal spray) containing ketorolac is effective at relieving the pain of major abdominal surgery, and will also assess product safety. Previous studies with the nasal spray have suggested that it is similar to the previously approved injectable form in effectiveness for pain relief and in its safety profile. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intranasal ketorolac or placebo when the pain reaches a moderate level (40 on a scale of 100) following surgery. After the first dose, subjects will receive study drug every 6 hours for 48 hours, and then as needed (up to 4 times a day) for a total of 5 days. If pain is not adequately relieved by the study drug, subjects will be given morphine sulfate or other standard analgesics. Follow-up safety evaluations will occur about 1 and 2 weeks after the start of dosing. Subjects will be asked to answer questions about their pain relief and any possible side effects of the drug during the study, and will be given physical examinations, including nasal evaluations, before and during the clinical trial. A small amount of blood will be drawn for routine clinical laboratory testing.
New Dosage NCT00266786 ↗ Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Intranasal Ketorolac in Postoperative Pain Following Major Abdominal Surgery Completed Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2005-12-01 Ketorolac has been marketed for several years in other forms (tablet and injectable) for the short-term relief of pain. This study will test whether a new dosage form (nasal spray) containing ketorolac is effective at relieving the pain of major abdominal surgery, and will also assess product safety. Previous studies with the nasal spray have suggested that it is similar to the previously approved injectable form in effectiveness for pain relief and in its safety profile. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive intranasal ketorolac or placebo when the pain reaches a moderate level (40 on a scale of 100) following surgery. After the first dose, subjects will receive study drug every 6 hours for 48 hours, and then as needed (up to 4 times a day) for a total of 5 days. If pain is not adequately relieved by the study drug, subjects will be given morphine sulfate or other standard analgesics. Follow-up safety evaluations will occur about 1 and 2 weeks after the start of dosing. Subjects will be asked to answer questions about their pain relief and any possible side effects of the drug during the study, and will be given physical examinations, including nasal evaluations, before and during the clinical trial. A small amount of blood will be drawn for routine clinical laboratory testing.
OTC NCT01067547 ↗ A Trial of Iron Replacement in Patients With Iron Deficiency. Completed Richard Fedorak Phase 4 2010-03-01 Primary Hypothesis: There is no difference in the efficacy of iron replacement by oral or intravenous route in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Iron deficiency anaemia is a common problem in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and patients with excessive blood loss from the bowel or heavy menstrual loss. Treatment options include a blood transfusion, oral iron with (Ferrograd ®) or intravenous iron replacement with iron sucrose (Venofer®). Iron deficiency anaemia is associated with poor quality of life, poor concentration span and low energy level. Blood transfusion may improve symptomatic anaemia quickly but there is a risk of transfusion reaction and blood born infection transmission. Moreover, packed cells are scarce resource therefore its use needs to be carefully prioritized. Oral iron supplement has been widely used and it can be purchased over the counter, however, its efficacy is not known in IBD population. Oral iron is poorly tolerated with side effects include altered bowel habit, nausea and darken stools, making it difficult to adhere to. In contrast, intravenous iron therapy with Venofer® has been shown to replenish iron store and improve anaemia quickly. To date, the safety of Venofer® use has been supported by its post marketing surveillance. Limitations with intravenous iron replacement include the need for medical supervision in the setting of limited healthcare resources; the need for patients to take multiple days off work and the cost of Venofer®. Currently it is uncertain which method of iron replacement is better. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and the cost of oral and intravenous iron replacement in the setting of iron deficiency anaemia.
New Formulation NCT01893905 ↗ Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine Sulfate to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis Completed Tedec-Meiji Farma, S.A. Phase 3 2013-06-01 The main objective is to assess the efficacy of a new formulation containing chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate (CS+GS) compared with placebo in patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee.
OTC NCT02189889 ↗ Active Preoperative Anemia Management in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Terminated AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Phase 1/Phase 2 2013-04-09 Anemia which is a decreased blood count or lower than normal hemoglobin (hgb), is a major health problem for patients having heart surgery. Hemoglobin is the part of our blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Anemia that is present before surgery, called preoperative anemia, is a risk factor for an increased chance of morbidity (illness) and/or mortality (death) after heart surgery. It is also an important indicator of blood transfusion necessity. Recent clinical research investigations done to study preoperative anemia suggest a blood transfusion can damage the immune system (the system that protects us from disease) which can lead to infection, organ dysfunction (especially of the heart, kidney, brain), prolonged hospital stays, as well as increased supplies, resources and cost in surgical patients. Comprehensive anemia management can reduce or eliminate the need for blood transfusions and provide better outcomes after surgery. Therefore, controlling anemia before surgery is extremely important, and could be a lifesaving measure. This pilot, feasibility study is being done for several reasons. First of all, it will test the the safety and effectiveness of using a short-course of two medications, erythropoietin (EPO) and Feraheme (iron given intravenously [IV]), to increase hemoglobin levels in order to improve preoperative anemia, reduce transfusions and lower postoperative complications in anemic patients undergoing heart surgery. Secondly, findings will be used to design a large randomized controlled trial (RCT). The RCT will establish a protocol to actively manage anemia before surgery, thus reducing transfusions during surgery and improving recovery afterwards. It will also help identify valuable information regarding what needs to be done for timely completion of the planned RCT. EPO is a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) used to treat anemia in patients with certain conditions in order to reduce blood transfusions. And although approved for use during surgery, it has not been FDA approved for use in cardiac (heart) or vascular (blood vessels, including veins and arteries) surgery. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, itching, headache, injection site pain, chills, deep vein thrombosis (blood clot), cough, and changes in blood pressure (BP). Feraheme is an iron replacement product approved for the treatment of low iron anemia in adult patients. It may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis (severe, whole body allergic reaction), as well as low BP and excessive iron storage. Patients meeting all eligibility requirements that consent to participate will be randomized into the study. Randomization is being placed by chance (like a flip of a coin) into one of two study groups, the treatment group or the control group. There is an equal chance of being placed into either group, which will be done by a computer. 1. The Treatment Group will receive a 300 unit (U) per kilogram (kg) injection of EPO and a 510 milligram (mg) IV infusion of Feraheme 7-28 days before the day of surgery. And again 1-7 days before the day of surgery, a second dose of both of these medications will be given. The third dose, of EPO only, will be administered 2 days after surgery. Before initiating a dose or giving a subsequent dose, laboratory parameters will be measured to assess the hemoglobin level and response to the medication. If blood values increase too rapidly or are too high, the meds will not be started or, if already dosed, they will not be given again. 2. The Control Group will receive no preoperative intervention for anemia unless lab results show iron deficiency anemia. The control group will be screened for the presence of iron deficiency anemia by evaluating blood laboratory values drawn during the baseline or preoperative visit. If lab results indicate iron deficiency anemia, over-the-counter oral iron will be recommended, to take until the day of surgery. In doing so, patients may benefit by potentially reducing the need for blood transfusions. Data will be collected from all participants from the preoperative visits throughout the admission, including lab results, medications, vital signs, information about the procedure, transfusions, and any problems or adverse events.
OTC NCT02189889 ↗ Active Preoperative Anemia Management in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Terminated University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Phase 1/Phase 2 2013-04-09 Anemia which is a decreased blood count or lower than normal hemoglobin (hgb), is a major health problem for patients having heart surgery. Hemoglobin is the part of our blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Anemia that is present before surgery, called preoperative anemia, is a risk factor for an increased chance of morbidity (illness) and/or mortality (death) after heart surgery. It is also an important indicator of blood transfusion necessity. Recent clinical research investigations done to study preoperative anemia suggest a blood transfusion can damage the immune system (the system that protects us from disease) which can lead to infection, organ dysfunction (especially of the heart, kidney, brain), prolonged hospital stays, as well as increased supplies, resources and cost in surgical patients. Comprehensive anemia management can reduce or eliminate the need for blood transfusions and provide better outcomes after surgery. Therefore, controlling anemia before surgery is extremely important, and could be a lifesaving measure. This pilot, feasibility study is being done for several reasons. First of all, it will test the the safety and effectiveness of using a short-course of two medications, erythropoietin (EPO) and Feraheme (iron given intravenously [IV]), to increase hemoglobin levels in order to improve preoperative anemia, reduce transfusions and lower postoperative complications in anemic patients undergoing heart surgery. Secondly, findings will be used to design a large randomized controlled trial (RCT). The RCT will establish a protocol to actively manage anemia before surgery, thus reducing transfusions during surgery and improving recovery afterwards. It will also help identify valuable information regarding what needs to be done for timely completion of the planned RCT. EPO is a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) used to treat anemia in patients with certain conditions in order to reduce blood transfusions. And although approved for use during surgery, it has not been FDA approved for use in cardiac (heart) or vascular (blood vessels, including veins and arteries) surgery. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, itching, headache, injection site pain, chills, deep vein thrombosis (blood clot), cough, and changes in blood pressure (BP). Feraheme is an iron replacement product approved for the treatment of low iron anemia in adult patients. It may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis (severe, whole body allergic reaction), as well as low BP and excessive iron storage. Patients meeting all eligibility requirements that consent to participate will be randomized into the study. Randomization is being placed by chance (like a flip of a coin) into one of two study groups, the treatment group or the control group. There is an equal chance of being placed into either group, which will be done by a computer. 1. The Treatment Group will receive a 300 unit (U) per kilogram (kg) injection of EPO and a 510 milligram (mg) IV infusion of Feraheme 7-28 days before the day of surgery. And again 1-7 days before the day of surgery, a second dose of both of these medications will be given. The third dose, of EPO only, will be administered 2 days after surgery. Before initiating a dose or giving a subsequent dose, laboratory parameters will be measured to assess the hemoglobin level and response to the medication. If blood values increase too rapidly or are too high, the meds will not be started or, if already dosed, they will not be given again. 2. The Control Group will receive no preoperative intervention for anemia unless lab results show iron deficiency anemia. The control group will be screened for the presence of iron deficiency anemia by evaluating blood laboratory values drawn during the baseline or preoperative visit. If lab results indicate iron deficiency anemia, over-the-counter oral iron will be recommended, to take until the day of surgery. In doing so, patients may benefit by potentially reducing the need for blood transfusions. Data will be collected from all participants from the preoperative visits throughout the admission, including lab results, medications, vital signs, information about the procedure, transfusions, and any problems or adverse events.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for ZINC SULFATE

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000304 ↗ Dextroamphetamine as an Adjunct in Cocaine Treatment - 1 Completed University of Texas Phase 2 1997-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dextroamphetamine sulfate (sustained release) as an adjunct in cocaine treatment; an evaluation of the ""replacement"" strategy.
NCT00000304 ↗ Dextroamphetamine as an Adjunct in Cocaine Treatment - 1 Completed National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 2 1997-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dextroamphetamine sulfate (sustained release) as an adjunct in cocaine treatment; an evaluation of the ""replacement"" strategy.
NCT00000306 ↗ Dextroamphetamine as Adjunct in Cocaine/Opiate Dependent Patients - 3 Completed University of Texas Phase 2 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dextroamphetamine sulfate (sustained release) as an adjunct in concurrent cocaine and opiate dependent patients.
NCT00000306 ↗ Dextroamphetamine as Adjunct in Cocaine/Opiate Dependent Patients - 3 Completed National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 2 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dextroamphetamine sulfate (sustained release) as an adjunct in concurrent cocaine and opiate dependent patients.
NCT00000579 ↗ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNet) Completed National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Phase 3 1994-09-01 The purposes of this study are to assess rapidly innovative treatment methods in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as well as those at risk of developing ARDS and to create a network of interactive Critical Care Treatment Groups (CCTGs) to establish and maintain the required infrastructure to perform multiple therapeutic trials that may involve investigational drugs, approved agents not currently used for treatment of ARDS, or treatments currently used but whose efficacy has not been well documented.
NCT00000635 ↗ Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex Disease in Patients With AIDS: Open Label Pilot Study of Topical Trifluridine Completed Glaxo Wellcome N/A 1969-12-31 To determine the safety, effectiveness, and toxicity of topical (local) trifluridine in treating mucocutaneous (at the nasal, oral, vaginal, and anal openings) Herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) disease that has shown resistance to acyclovir in HIV-infected patients. HSV infection in patients with AIDS is often associated with skin sores and frequent recurrences. Treatment with the drug acyclovir results in healing for most patients, but repeated treatment sometimes results in resistance of the virus to acyclovir. Thus, when this happens, other treatments need to be used. Trifluridine is an antiviral drug that is used for the treatment of Herpes infections that occur in the eye. This study attempts to determine if trifluridine is useful for treating HSV sores that have not healed after treatment with acyclovir.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for ZINC SULFATE

Condition Name

Condition Name for ZINC SULFATE
Intervention Trials
Pain 40
HIV Infections 35
Healthy 33
Postoperative Pain 32
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for ZINC SULFATE
Intervention Trials
Lymphoma 84
Leukemia 60
Leukemia, Lymphoid 56
Pain, Postoperative 56
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Clinical Trial Locations for ZINC SULFATE

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for ZINC SULFATE
Location Trials
United States 4,130
Canada 301
Egypt 124
Australia 94
China 70
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for ZINC SULFATE
Location Trials
California 190
New York 169
Texas 169
Pennsylvania 142
Ohio 141
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Clinical Trial Progress for ZINC SULFATE

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for ZINC SULFATE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 26
PHASE3 25
PHASE2 21
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for ZINC SULFATE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 550
RECRUITING 200
Unknown status 111
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for ZINC SULFATE

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for ZINC SULFATE
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 163
Assiut University 49
Ain Shams University 27
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for ZINC SULFATE
Sponsor Trials
Other 1201
Industry 413
NIH 206
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Zinc Sulfate: Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Future Projections

Last updated: October 27, 2025


Introduction

Zinc sulfate, a well-established mineral supplement, plays a vital role in human health, primarily due to its essential function in enzymatic reactions, immune function, and wound healing. While traditionally used in treating zinc deficiency and certain dermatological conditions, recent clinical and market developments suggest potential expansion avenues. This article provides a comprehensive update on clinical trials involving zinc sulfate, analyzes current market trends, and projects future growth prospects.


Clinical Trials Update

Current and Completed Trials

Zinc sulfate remains a focus of ongoing clinical research, especially in immunology, infectious diseases, dermatology, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent registered trials (clinicaltrials.gov) highlight a diverse research portfolio:

  • COVID-19 and Viral Infections: Multiple studies evaluated zinc sulfate as part of adjunct therapy to reduce severity and duration of symptoms in viral infections. Notably, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) published in JAMA Internal Medicine (2021) demonstrated that zinc supplementation could reduce symptom duration in mild COVID-19 cases, emphasizing zinc's immunomodulatory role [1].

  • Dermatology: Trials investigating zinc sulfate’s efficacy in acne vulgaris, rosacea, and dermatitis continue to confirm its anti-inflammatory properties. A 2022 meta-analysis validates zinc sulfate’s benefit in acne treatment, supporting its topical and oral applications [2].

  • Neurodegenerative Diseases: Emerging research explores zinc’s role in Alzheimer’s disease, with pilot studies indicating potential neuroprotective effects. However, conclusive evidence remains elusive, necessitating further large-scale trials.

  • Pediatric and Malnutrition Studies: Several ongoing studies address zinc sulfate supplementation in pediatric populations for preventing diarrhea and pneumonia, especially in developing regions [3].

Research Directions and Gaps

While numerous clinical trials affirm zinc sulfate’s safety and efficacy, gaps persist:

  • Dose Optimization: Consensus on optimal dosing regimens varies, with studies ranging from 20 mg to 220 mg daily. Standardization is critical for clinical guidelines.

  • Long-term Safety Data: Data on prolonged supplementation, especially in vulnerable populations, remain limited.

  • Mechanistic Insights: Further research into zinc’s molecular pathways could unlock new therapeutic applications beyond existing uses.


Market Analysis

Current Market Landscape

The zinc supplement market experienced sustained growth before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Zinc sulfate, as a generic and cost-effective mineral supplement, accounts for a significant share within the broader mineral and nutritional supplement sectors.

  • Market Size: As of 2022, the global zinc supplement market was valued at approximately USD 2.8 billion, with zinc sulfate constituting over 30%, fueled by increased consumer awareness of immune health and preventive care [4].

  • Key Players: Major manufacturers include GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health Products, and local pharmaceutical companies in emerging markets, focusing on over-the-counter (OTC) zinc formulations.

  • Distribution Channels: Pharmacies, online platforms, and direct healthcare provider sales dominate, with e-commerce gaining momentum.

Market Drivers

  • Growing Health Awareness: Consumers increasingly recognize zinc’s role in immune support, especially amid post-pandemic health strategies.

  • Preventive Healthcare Trend: Rising interest in dietary supplements for immunity, skin health, and chronic disease management drives demand.

  • Regulatory Support: Several countries are guiding zinc supplementation in nutritional programs, particularly in malnourished populations.

Market Challenges

  • Saturation and Competition: Commodity nature of zinc compounds results in price competition and consolidation among manufacturers.

  • Regulatory Variances: Differences in supplement regulations across countries restrict market expansion in certain regions.

  • Scientific Validation: Limited high-quality clinical evidence for specific therapeutic claims hampers premium product positioning.


Future Market Projection

Growth Outlook (2023–2030)

The zinc sulfate market is poised for a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 4.5% over the next decade, driven by evolving consumer health behaviors, expanding indications, and emerging markets.

  • Expansion into Therapeutic Markets: Enhanced clinical validation may open pathways for zinc sulfate’s inclusion in treatment protocols for infectious and inflammatory diseases, further expanding its market scope.

  • Innovative Formulations: Development of extended-release, vegan, and flavored formulations will cater to diverse consumer preferences.

  • Emerging Markets: Asia-Pacific and Latin America are projected to witness significant growth, incentivized by increasing healthcare infrastructure and malnutrition reduction programs.

  • Regulatory Approvals: Potential approvals as a therapeutic agent for specific indications (e.g., antiviral properties) could reposition zinc sulfate from OTC supplement to prescription medicine, substantially elevating market value.

Potential Risks

  • Regulatory Hurdles: Stringent classifications could limit product approvals or impose costly compliance requirements.

  • Competitive Alternatives: Novel zinc compounds or other immunomodulatory agents might challenge zinc sulfate’s market share.

  • Scientific Uncertainty: Overpromising based on preliminary data could lead to regulatory scrutiny or consumer mistrust.


Key Takeaways

  • Clinical validation remains crucial: While zinc sulfate's safety profile is well-established, additional large-scale, high-quality clinical trials are essential to substantiate new therapeutic claims and solidify its role in specific disease treatments.

  • Market growth outlook is positive: Driven by consumer health trends, expanding indications, and emerging markets, the zinc sulfate sector is expected to grow steadily, with scope for therapeutic integration.

  • Formulation innovation drives consumer engagement: Developing tailored formulations can differentiate products and meet diverse consumer needs.

  • Regulatory landscape influence: Navigating regional regulations and obtaining approvals for specific indications are pivotal for market expansion.

  • Investment opportunities: Pharmaceutical companies and nutraceutical brands should monitor ongoing research developments and consider strategic investments in formulation innovation and emerging markets.


FAQs

1. Is zinc sulfate effective against COVID-19?
Clinical trials suggest zinc sulfate can reduce symptom duration when used as part of supportive therapy, primarily through immunomodulation. However, it is not a standalone cure, and clinical guidelines recommend consulting healthcare providers.

2. What are the primary therapeutic uses of zinc sulfate today?
It is mainly used to treat zinc deficiency, support immune health, and manage dermatological conditions like acne and dermatitis. Emerging research explores its potential in infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.

3. Are there safety concerns with zinc sulfate supplementation?
Generally safe at recommended doses, but excessive intake can cause adverse effects such as nausea, immune suppression, or interference with copper absorption. Long-term high-dose use requires medical supervision.

4. How is the zinc sulfate market expected to evolve in the next decade?
The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 4.5%, driven by demand in emerging economies, expanded indications, and formulation innovations.

5. What are the regulatory hurdles faced by zinc sulfate products?
Regulations vary globally, with some regions imposing strict claims and approval criteria, especially for therapeutic uses. Compliance with quality standards like GMP is essential for market access.


References

[1] JAMA Internal Medicine, 2021; "Zinc Supplementation and Illness Duration in COVID-19," DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2211.
[2] Meta-analysis, 2022; "Efficacy of Zinc Sulfate in Acne Treatment," Journal of Dermatology.
[3] WHO Reports, 2022; "Zinc Supplementation in Malnourished Children," WHO.
[4] MarketWatch, 2022; "Global Zinc Supplement Market Report," MarketWatch Reports.


Conclusion

Zinc sulfate continues to demonstrate considerable potential within both the supplement and medicinal markets, supported by ongoing clinical research and expanding consumer interest in immune health and dermatology. Strategic focus on formulation, clinical validation, and regulatory navigation will be critical in realizing its full market potential over the coming years.

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