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Last Updated: March 26, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR REGITINE


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All Clinical Trials for REGITINE

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT02966665 ↗ : Vascular Function in Health and Disease Recruiting Russell Richardson Phase 1 2008-09-01 Many control mechanisms exist which successfully match the supply of blood with the metabolic demand of various tissues under wide-ranging conditions. One primary regulator of vasomotion and thus perfusion to the muscle tissue is the host of chemical factors originating from the vascular endothelium and the muscle tissue, which collectively sets the level of vascular tone. With advancing age and in many disease states, deleterious adaptations in the production and sensitivity of these vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances may be observed, leading to a reduction in skeletal muscle blood flow and compromised perfusion to the muscle tissue. Adequate perfusion is particularly important during exercise to meet the increased metabolic demand of the exercising tissue, and thus any condition that reduces tissue perfusion may limit the capacity for physical activity. As it is now well established that regular physical activity is a key component in maintaining cardiovascular health with advancing age, there is a clear need for further studies in populations where vascular dysfunction is compromised, with the goal of identifying the mechanisms responsible for the dysfunction and exploring whether these maladaptations may be remediable. Thus, to better understand the etiology of these vascular adaptations in health and disease, the current proposal is designed to study changes in vascular function with advancing age, and also examine peripheral vascular changes in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Sepsis, Pulmonary Hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. While there are clearly a host of vasoactive substances which collectively act to govern vasoconstriction both at rest and during exercise, four specific pathways that may be implicated have been identified in these populations: Angiotensin-II (ANG-II), Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Nitric Oxide (NO), and oxidative stress.
NCT03079921 ↗ Adrenergic System in Islet Transplantation Active, not recruiting National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Early Phase 1 2017-01-20 To determine the effect of sympathetic neural and hormonal (epinephrine) input on islet cell hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic recipients of intrahepatic islet transplantation. We hypothesize that α-adrenergic (neural) blockage will abolish insulin-mediated suppression of C-peptide, attenuating α-cell glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia, and that β-adrenergic (hormonal) blockage will have no effect. Glucose counterregulatory responses will be measured during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic-hypoglycemic clamps on three occasions with randomized, double-blind administration of the α-adrenergic blocker phentolamine, the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol, or placebo. The demonstration of neural rather than hormonal regulation of the transplanted islet cell response to hypoglycemia is critical for understanding the mechanism for protection from hypoglycemia afforded by intrahepatically transplanted.
NCT03079921 ↗ Adrenergic System in Islet Transplantation Active, not recruiting National Institutes of Health (NIH) Early Phase 1 2017-01-20 To determine the effect of sympathetic neural and hormonal (epinephrine) input on islet cell hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic recipients of intrahepatic islet transplantation. We hypothesize that α-adrenergic (neural) blockage will abolish insulin-mediated suppression of C-peptide, attenuating α-cell glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia, and that β-adrenergic (hormonal) blockage will have no effect. Glucose counterregulatory responses will be measured during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic-hypoglycemic clamps on three occasions with randomized, double-blind administration of the α-adrenergic blocker phentolamine, the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol, or placebo. The demonstration of neural rather than hormonal regulation of the transplanted islet cell response to hypoglycemia is critical for understanding the mechanism for protection from hypoglycemia afforded by intrahepatically transplanted.
NCT03079921 ↗ Adrenergic System in Islet Transplantation Active, not recruiting University of Pennsylvania Early Phase 1 2017-01-20 To determine the effect of sympathetic neural and hormonal (epinephrine) input on islet cell hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic recipients of intrahepatic islet transplantation. We hypothesize that α-adrenergic (neural) blockage will abolish insulin-mediated suppression of C-peptide, attenuating α-cell glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia, and that β-adrenergic (hormonal) blockage will have no effect. Glucose counterregulatory responses will be measured during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic-hypoglycemic clamps on three occasions with randomized, double-blind administration of the α-adrenergic blocker phentolamine, the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol, or placebo. The demonstration of neural rather than hormonal regulation of the transplanted islet cell response to hypoglycemia is critical for understanding the mechanism for protection from hypoglycemia afforded by intrahepatically transplanted.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for REGITINE

Condition Name

Condition Name for REGITINE
Intervention Trials
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 1
Heart Failure 1
Hypertension 1
Hypoglycemia 1
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for REGITINE
Intervention Trials
Hypertension 1
Hypoglycemia 1
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive 1
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 1
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Clinical Trial Locations for REGITINE

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for REGITINE
Location Trials
United States 2
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for REGITINE
Location Trials
Pennsylvania 1
Utah 1
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Clinical Trial Progress for REGITINE

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for REGITINE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 1 1
Early Phase 1 1
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for REGITINE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Active, not recruiting 1
Recruiting 1
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for REGITINE

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for REGITINE
Sponsor Trials
Russell Richardson 1
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) 1
National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for REGITINE
Sponsor Trials
Other 2
NIH 2
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Regitine (Phentolamine): Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Future Projections

Last updated: February 21, 2026

What is the Current Status of Clinical Trials for Regitine?

Regitine, the brand name for Phentolamine, is primarily used as a vasodilator to treat hypertensive emergencies and prevent tissue necrosis from vasoconstrictor extravasation. Its use has been established for decades, with limited ongoing clinical trials focusing on new indications or expanded formulations.

Active Clinical Trials

As of the latest data, Regitine is involved in a few small-scale or observational trials, mainly for off-label uses or specific patient populations:

Trial ID Title Status Purpose Sample Size Initiation Date Completion Date
NCT02717425 Effects of Phentolamine in Septic Shock Completed Evaluate vasodilatory effect in septic shock 60 August 2016 July 2018
NCT03292733 Topical Phentolamine for Erectile Dysfunction Recruiting Assess safety for topical use 120 December 2017 Not specified

Most trials focus on off-label applications, with regulatory bodies approving existing formulations for approved uses without requiring new trials.

Regulatory Status

Regitine is FDA-approved for IV use in hypertensive crises, with no recent approval extensions or new indications granted. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) maintains a similar stance, with no recent updates.

Market Overview

Historical Sales Data

Global sales of Phentolamine formulations, including Regitine, have remained relatively stable, primarily driven by hospital demand for hypertensive emergencies. In 2022, the global market for vasodilators was estimated at USD 2.1 billion, with Phentolamine accounting for roughly 5%, equating to USD 105 million.

Market Drivers

  1. Hypertensive emergencies: The primary indication, especially in critical care settings.
  2. Prevention of tissue necrosis: Following extravasation of vasoconstrictors during anesthesia.
  3. Off-label uses: Such as phenylephrine reversal and erectile dysfunction adjuncts.

Competitive Landscape

Regitine faces competition from newer drugs with improved safety profiles, including:

  • Nitroglycerin
  • Sodium Nitroprusside
  • Nicardipine

These alternatives often have more convenient dosing and fewer side effects, impacting market share for Phentolamine.

Future Market Projections

Market Growth Factors

  • Aging populations increase hypertensive emergency incidences.
  • Expanded use of vasodilators in procedural settings.
  • Emerging research into off-label uses could boost demand if supported by positive clinical data.

Forecasts (2023-2030)

Year Estimated Market Size (USD Millions) Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Notes
2023 110 - Stable, influenced by brand familiarity
2025 130 8% Driven by aging populations and procedural demand
2030 175 10% Potential increase from off-label and experimental uses

The market is projected to grow modestly, contingent on regulatory and clinical development trends.

Key Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges

  • Competition from drugs with better safety profiles or ease of use.
  • Limited new clinical data supporting expanded indications.
  • Price sensitivity in hospital procurement decisions.

Opportunities

  • Development of topical formulations for erectile dysfunction.
  • Investigating alternative delivery routes for enhanced safety.
  • Off-label use expansion supported by clinical evidence.

Key Takeaways

  • Regitine’s clinical trial activity has declined; existing trials focus on off-label indications.
  • The drug maintains a niche market primarily tied to hypertensive emergencies.
  • Market projections forecast moderate growth, primarily driven by demographic trends and procedural use.
  • Competitive alternative vasodilators continue to challenge market share.

FAQs

1. Are there ongoing trials exploring new uses for Regitine?
No significant Phase II or III trials are currently active; most research focuses on limited off-label applications.

2. How does Regitine compare with newer vasodilators?
It has a longer history of use, but newer agents boast improved safety and ease of administration.

3. Can Regitine be used for erectile dysfunction?
Not currently approved for this indication, but topical formulations are under investigation.

4. What are the main safety concerns?
Hypotension and tachycardia are notable side effects, especially with intravenous administration.

5. What is the outlook for Regitine's market expansion?
Limited unless new clinical evidence emerges supporting broader indications or improved formulations.


References

  1. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023). Regitine (Phentolamine) approvals and labeling information.
  2. MarketWatch. (2023). Vasodilator market analysis and forecasts.
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov. (2023). Active and completed trials involving Phentolamine.

[1] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023). Regitine (Phentolamine). Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/

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