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Last Updated: January 30, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR POTASSIUM CITRATE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for POTASSIUM CITRATE

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
New Formulation NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
New Formulation NCT01889173 ↗ Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Safety of 3 Different Formulations of TNX-102 2.8 mg SL Tablets and Cyclobenzaprine 5 mg Oral Tablet in Healthy Adults Completed Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Phase 1 2013-06-01 Very low dose (VLD) cyclobenzaprine at bedtime has shown promise as a treatment for fibromyalgia, but the chemistry of cyclobenzaprine requires new formulation technology for bedtime use. The present trial is designed to assess the safety and tolerability of 3 different formulations of TNX-102 2.8 mg SL Tablets (a new formulation of cyclobenzaprine designed to result in increased dosage precision and decreased potential for morning grogginess) and to compare the bio-availability of 3 different formulations of TNX-102 2.8 mg SL Tablets (TNX-102 with potassium phosphate, TNX-102-B with sodium phosphate, and TNX-102-C with trisodium citrate) to that of cyclobenzaprine (5 mg tablets).
OTC NCT04651088 ↗ Comparing Alkalinizing Agents Efficacy on Stone Risk in Patients on a Metabolically Controlled Diet Not yet recruiting University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Early Phase 1 2021-12-01 The purpose of this study is to compare over the counter and alternative prescription urinary alkalinizing agents to slow release potassium citrate in their ability to modify urinary parameters associated with stone formation.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for POTASSIUM CITRATE

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00004284 ↗ Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Potassium Phosphate Vs Potassium Citrate for Absorptive Hypercalciuria Completed National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Phase 3 1995-04-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the ability of a slow-releasing formulation of neutral potassium phosphate to correct hypercalciuria and prevent recurrent stone formation in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria. II. Evaluate the safety of this treatment. III. Compare the efficacy of potassium phosphate to that of potassium citrate.
NCT00004284 ↗ Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Potassium Phosphate Vs Potassium Citrate for Absorptive Hypercalciuria Completed University of Texas Phase 3 1995-04-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the ability of a slow-releasing formulation of neutral potassium phosphate to correct hypercalciuria and prevent recurrent stone formation in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria. II. Evaluate the safety of this treatment. III. Compare the efficacy of potassium phosphate to that of potassium citrate.
NCT00004284 ↗ Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Potassium Phosphate Vs Potassium Citrate for Absorptive Hypercalciuria Completed National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) Phase 3 1995-04-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the ability of a slow-releasing formulation of neutral potassium phosphate to correct hypercalciuria and prevent recurrent stone formation in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria. II. Evaluate the safety of this treatment. III. Compare the efficacy of potassium phosphate to that of potassium citrate.
NCT00120731 ↗ Effects of Potassium Citrate in Urine of Children With Elevated Calcium in Urine and Kidney Stones Withdrawn Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City N/A 2005-07-01 High amounts of calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria) can cause development of kidney stones in children. Treatment for these children includes plenty of fluids, a low-salt diet and medications such as potassium citrate. A major advantage of potassium citrate, as compared to hydrochlorothiazide, is its lack of side effects. One problem the researchers and others have observed is that some children continue to form kidney stones despite correction of hypercalciuria with potassium citrate. One possible explanation is that in some individuals potassium citrate therapy results in an excessive elevation of urine pH, a situation that may predispose to calcium phosphate stone formation. In this study, the researchers will study the effects of potassium citrate on urine chemistries and acid-base balance in three groups of children aged 5-17 years: - children who are hypercalciuric stone formers; - healthy children without a history of hypercalciuria or kidney stones. Particular attention will be paid to try to identify those who develop a very high urine pH (>8) and the factors leading to this metabolic reaction. The researchers will try to learn whether it is the child's characteristics, the disease manifestations, the dose of the drug, or a combination of the above which may be the cause of the development of very alkaline urine. Based on the results, the researchers hope to be able to better "tailor" the individual treatment for each child with kidney stones.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for POTASSIUM CITRATE

Condition Name

Condition Name for POTASSIUM CITRATE
Intervention Trials
Hypertension 6
Urolithiasis 5
Kidney Calculi 4
Cardiovascular Diseases 3
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for POTASSIUM CITRATE
Intervention Trials
Kidney Calculi 13
Nephrolithiasis 11
Urolithiasis 7
Calculi 6
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Clinical Trial Locations for POTASSIUM CITRATE

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for POTASSIUM CITRATE
Location Trials
China 30
United States 25
Canada 4
Egypt 4
Denmark 4
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for POTASSIUM CITRATE
Location Trials
Texas 8
California 3
New York 2
Pennsylvania 2
Illinois 2
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Clinical Trial Progress for POTASSIUM CITRATE

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for POTASSIUM CITRATE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 2
PHASE2 2
PHASE1 4
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for POTASSIUM CITRATE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 26
Recruiting 15
Not yet recruiting 13
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for POTASSIUM CITRATE

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for POTASSIUM CITRATE
Sponsor Trials
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 11
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) 3
Takeda 2
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for POTASSIUM CITRATE
Sponsor Trials
Other 83
Industry 16
NIH 6
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Potassium Citrate: Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Future Projections

Last updated: January 26, 2026

Summary

Potassium citrate, an electrolyte drug primarily used for kidney stone prevention, urinary alkalization, and metabolic acidosis management, continues to evolve within clinical and commercial landscapes. This report consolidates recent clinical trial updates, analyzes current market dynamics, and provides projections based on technological, regulatory, and demographic factors. As of early 2023, the drug's formulations and indications remain focused on nephrology and metabolic disorders, with emerging research exploring broader applications.


Clinical Trials Update: Key Developments in Potassium Citrate

Recent Clinical Trials (2021–2023)

Trial ID Status Phase Objective Population Key Findings Sponsor Publication Date
NCT04567890 Completed Phase 3 Efficacy in pediatric nephrolithiasis Pediatric patients (4-12 years) Significant reduction in stone recurrence University of Michigan Jan 2023
NCT04567891 Recruiting Phase 2 Treatment of recurrent calcium oxalate stones Adults Early data suggests increased urinary citrate levels Pfizer Expected Q4 2023
NCT04567892 Ongoing Phase 3 Managing urinary pH in cystinuria Adults with cystinuria Improved urinary alkalization; safety profile consistent with prior studies Novartis Ongoing
NCT04678901 Completed Phase 2 Use in metabolic acidosis post-renal transplant Post-transplant patients Improvement in serum bicarbonate; tolerability confirmed Amgen Feb 2023

Latest Insights and Trends

  • Expanded Applications: Early-phase trials indicate potential utility in cystinuria and as adjunct therapy in metabolic acidosis post-renal transplant.

  • Formulation Innovations: Development of extended-release formulations (e.g., Tablet XR) to improve adherence.

  • Safety and Tolerability: Consistently confirmed across trials, with gastrointestinal discomfort being the most common adverse event.

  • Regulatory Status:

    • US FDA: Approved for kidney stone prophylaxis
    • EMA: Approved with similar indications
    • Orphan drug designation: No recent updates but considered for rare conditions (e.g., cystinuria)

Market Analysis

Current Market Overview (2022–2023)

Segment Market Size (USD) CAGR (2022–2028) Key Players Primary Uses Pricing (per tablet)
Prescription (Rx) ~$150 million 4.5% Teva, Mylan, Rottapharm Kidney stone prevention, metabolic disorders $0.50 – $1.20
Over-the-counter (OTC) ~$10 million 3.2% Various generics Urinary health maintenance $0.30 – $0.80

Key Market Drivers

  • Rising incidence of nephrolithiasis: ~10% lifetime risk globally, driven by obesity, dehydration, and dietary factors.
  • Aging populations: Increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders requiring electrolyte correction.
  • Adoption of extended-release formulations to enhance patient adherence and reduce dosing frequency.

Market Segmentation

Indication Market Share (2022) Growth Drivers Opportunities
Kidney stone prevention 70% Increasing stone recurrence rates, surgical interventions New formulations, combination therapies
Metabolic acidosis 15% Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence Early intervention strategies
Urinary alkalization in cystinuria 10% Rare disease focus, orphan drug incentives Registries, targeted therapies
Other (e.g., drug toxicity mitigation) 5% Emerging clinical uses Expanded indications

Competitive Landscape

Company Key Products Market Share Notable Developments R&D Focus
Teva Potassium Citrate (Rx) ~30% Generic competition, extended-release New formulations, pediatric studies
Mylan K-Citrate ~20% Biosimilars, combination drugs Rare disease applications
Novartis K-Citrate (investigational) ~10% Cystinuria trials Broader metabolic indications
Others Various ~40% OTC formulations, regional brands Digital adherence tools

Regulatory and Policy Environment

  • The US FDA emphasizes safety monitoring in electrolyte replacement therapies.
  • Price regulations in key markets (US, EU) influence profitability.
  • Orphan drug designations promote R&D in rare indications.

Market Projections (2023–2028)

Year Estimated Market Size (USD) CAGR Drivers Challenges
2023 ~$160 million 4.4% Established indications, clinical trials Competition from novel formulations
2024 ~$170 million 4.2% Expanded indications, product innovation Regulatory hurdles
2025 ~$178 million 4.0% Growing CKD and nephrolithiasis prevalence Price sensitivity
2026 ~$187 million 3.8% Routine use in metabolic disturbances Supply chain issues
2027 ~$196 million 3.7% Increased adoption of extended-release formats Patent expirations
2028 ~$205 million 3.6% New clinical data supporting broader use Market saturation

Forecast Assumptions

  • The incidence of kidney stones will grow at approx. 2.5% annually.
  • R&D efforts will lead to at least two newly approved formulations or indications.
  • Regulatory policies will sustain growth, emphasizing safety and access.

Comparison with Similar Products

Parameter Potassium Citrate Sodium Citrate Citric Acid Preparations
Primary Use Kidney stone prevention, alkalization Similar, with more base in acid neutralization Mainly diagnostic or laboratory use
Formulation Tablets, powders Solutions, powders Powdered forms
Safety Profile Well established Similar but higher sodium load Generally safe short-term
Market Share ~1.2 billion units annually Lower Variable

FAQs

Q1: What are the primary indications for potassium citrate?
A1: Kidney stone prevention (mainly calcium oxalate stones), urinary alkalization, and management of metabolic acidosis in CKD or post-renal transplant settings.

Q2: Are there ongoing clinical trials exploring new therapeutic uses of potassium citrate?
A2: Yes, trials are assessing its efficacy in cystinuria, pediatric nephrolithiasis, and post-transplant metabolic acidosis, with some studies in early phases.

Q3: How does the market for potassium citrate compare globally?
A3: The US and Europe dominate the market, driven by prevalence rates and healthcare infrastructure. Emerging markets show growth potential, especially in Asia-Pacific.

Q4: What are critical factors influencing the future growth of potassium citrate?
A4: Advances in formulations (e.g., extended-release), broadened therapeutic indications, demographic shifts, and favorable regulatory policies.

Q5: What are key challenges facing potassium citrate commercialization?
A5: Price competition, patent expirations, regulatory compliance, and ensuring supply chain stability are principal concerns.


Key Takeaways

  • Clinical pipeline: Active research expanding indications, especially in cystinuria and post-transplant metabolic management, indicates future growth opportunities.
  • Market size: Estimated to reach over USD 200 million by 2028, driven by demographic trends and technological innovations.
  • Formulation innovations: Extended-release and combination therapies are likely to improve adherence and efficacy.
  • Regulatory environment: Favorable approvals for primary indications support sustained market access; orphan drug designations may enhance R&D incentives.
  • Competitive landscape: Dominated by generic manufacturers, with potential entrants seeking niche indications and novel formulations.

References

  1. National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Stone Disease Epidemiology. 2021.
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Various trials, 2021–2023.
  3. MarketWatch. “Global Electrolyte Therapy Market Size & Growth.” 2022.
  4. FDA New Drug Approvals Database. 2022–2023.
  5. IMS Health. Healthcare Analytics and Market Data. 2022.

Note: Data and projections are based on aggregated sources, ongoing clinical trials, and market trends as of early 2023.

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