CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR NIFURTIMOX

505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for NIFURTIMOX

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials

Trial Type	Trial ID	Title	Status	Sponsor	Phase	Start Date	Summary
New Dosage	NCT03981523 ↗	New Therapies and Biomarkers for Chagas Infection	Active, not recruiting	Barcelona Institute for Global Health	Phase 2	2019-12-18	Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. Current approved treatments for CD (benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX)) were developed in the 1970s with regimens and dosing intervals derived from decades-old patient series and with very limited direct comparisons. Treatment recommendations vary significantly from country to country and the comparative evidence-base with the current treatment regimens is limited. The reported efficacy of both drugs in patients with T. cruzi infection is variable and depends on the disease stage, the drug dose, the age of patients, and the infecting T. cruzi strain or genotype. Due to a therapeutic failure of at least 20% after 12 months in chronic patients and the high rate of adverse events, together with the recent data that suggest that we may be overdosing patients, we propose to test new dosing regimens of these two old compounds. Hypotheses: - Lowering the frequency of drug dosing of BZN and NFX, the plasma drug levels of the drugs within the therapeutic range will be maintained. - The duration of treatment with BZN or NFX may be related to the effectiveness of these drugs. - Blood levels of the proposed biomarkers will significantly diminish or became negative after a relatively short interval after treatment.
New Dosage	NCT03981523 ↗	New Therapies and Biomarkers for Chagas Infection	Active, not recruiting	Drugs for Neglected Diseases	Phase 2	2019-12-18	Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. Current approved treatments for CD (benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX)) were developed in the 1970s with regimens and dosing intervals derived from decades-old patient series and with very limited direct comparisons. Treatment recommendations vary significantly from country to country and the comparative evidence-base with the current treatment regimens is limited. The reported efficacy of both drugs in patients with T. cruzi infection is variable and depends on the disease stage, the drug dose, the age of patients, and the infecting T. cruzi strain or genotype. Due to a therapeutic failure of at least 20% after 12 months in chronic patients and the high rate of adverse events, together with the recent data that suggest that we may be overdosing patients, we propose to test new dosing regimens of these two old compounds. Hypotheses: - Lowering the frequency of drug dosing of BZN and NFX, the plasma drug levels of the drugs within the therapeutic range will be maintained. - The duration of treatment with BZN or NFX may be related to the effectiveness of these drugs. - Blood levels of the proposed biomarkers will significantly diminish or became negative after a relatively short interval after treatment.
New Dosage	NCT03981523 ↗	New Therapies and Biomarkers for Chagas Infection	Active, not recruiting	Fundación Ciencia y Estudios Aplicados para el Desarrollo en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CEADES)	Phase 2	2019-12-18	Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. Current approved treatments for CD (benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX)) were developed in the 1970s with regimens and dosing intervals derived from decades-old patient series and with very limited direct comparisons. Treatment recommendations vary significantly from country to country and the comparative evidence-base with the current treatment regimens is limited. The reported efficacy of both drugs in patients with T. cruzi infection is variable and depends on the disease stage, the drug dose, the age of patients, and the infecting T. cruzi strain or genotype. Due to a therapeutic failure of at least 20% after 12 months in chronic patients and the high rate of adverse events, together with the recent data that suggest that we may be overdosing patients, we propose to test new dosing regimens of these two old compounds. Hypotheses: - Lowering the frequency of drug dosing of BZN and NFX, the plasma drug levels of the drugs within the therapeutic range will be maintained. - The duration of treatment with BZN or NFX may be related to the effectiveness of these drugs. - Blood levels of the proposed biomarkers will significantly diminish or became negative after a relatively short interval after treatment.
New Dosage	NCT03981523 ↗	New Therapies and Biomarkers for Chagas Infection	Active, not recruiting	Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez Neyra	Phase 2	2019-12-18	Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. Current approved treatments for CD (benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX)) were developed in the 1970s with regimens and dosing intervals derived from decades-old patient series and with very limited direct comparisons. Treatment recommendations vary significantly from country to country and the comparative evidence-base with the current treatment regimens is limited. The reported efficacy of both drugs in patients with T. cruzi infection is variable and depends on the disease stage, the drug dose, the age of patients, and the infecting T. cruzi strain or genotype. Due to a therapeutic failure of at least 20% after 12 months in chronic patients and the high rate of adverse events, together with the recent data that suggest that we may be overdosing patients, we propose to test new dosing regimens of these two old compounds. Hypotheses: - Lowering the frequency of drug dosing of BZN and NFX, the plasma drug levels of the drugs within the therapeutic range will be maintained. - The duration of treatment with BZN or NFX may be related to the effectiveness of these drugs. - Blood levels of the proposed biomarkers will significantly diminish or became negative after a relatively short interval after treatment.
New Dosage	NCT03981523 ↗	New Therapies and Biomarkers for Chagas Infection	Active, not recruiting	Mundo Sano Foundation	Phase 2	2019-12-18	Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. Current approved treatments for CD (benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX)) were developed in the 1970s with regimens and dosing intervals derived from decades-old patient series and with very limited direct comparisons. Treatment recommendations vary significantly from country to country and the comparative evidence-base with the current treatment regimens is limited. The reported efficacy of both drugs in patients with T. cruzi infection is variable and depends on the disease stage, the drug dose, the age of patients, and the infecting T. cruzi strain or genotype. Due to a therapeutic failure of at least 20% after 12 months in chronic patients and the high rate of adverse events, together with the recent data that suggest that we may be overdosing patients, we propose to test new dosing regimens of these two old compounds. Hypotheses: - Lowering the frequency of drug dosing of BZN and NFX, the plasma drug levels of the drugs within the therapeutic range will be maintained. - The duration of treatment with BZN or NFX may be related to the effectiveness of these drugs. - Blood levels of the proposed biomarkers will significantly diminish or became negative after a relatively short interval after treatment.
New Dosage	NCT03981523 ↗	New Therapies and Biomarkers for Chagas Infection	Active, not recruiting	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	Phase 2	2019-12-18	Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. Current approved treatments for CD (benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX)) were developed in the 1970s with regimens and dosing intervals derived from decades-old patient series and with very limited direct comparisons. Treatment recommendations vary significantly from country to country and the comparative evidence-base with the current treatment regimens is limited. The reported efficacy of both drugs in patients with T. cruzi infection is variable and depends on the disease stage, the drug dose, the age of patients, and the infecting T. cruzi strain or genotype. Due to a therapeutic failure of at least 20% after 12 months in chronic patients and the high rate of adverse events, together with the recent data that suggest that we may be overdosing patients, we propose to test new dosing regimens of these two old compounds. Hypotheses: - Lowering the frequency of drug dosing of BZN and NFX, the plasma drug levels of the drugs within the therapeutic range will be maintained. - The duration of treatment with BZN or NFX may be related to the effectiveness of these drugs. - Blood levels of the proposed biomarkers will significantly diminish or became negative after a relatively short interval after treatment.
New Dosage	NCT03981523 ↗	New Therapies and Biomarkers for Chagas Infection	Active, not recruiting	U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)	Phase 2	2019-12-18	Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic zoonotic disease with a significant global impact. Current approved treatments for CD (benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX)) were developed in the 1970s with regimens and dosing intervals derived from decades-old patient series and with very limited direct comparisons. Treatment recommendations vary significantly from country to country and the comparative evidence-base with the current treatment regimens is limited. The reported efficacy of both drugs in patients with T. cruzi infection is variable and depends on the disease stage, the drug dose, the age of patients, and the infecting T. cruzi strain or genotype. Due to a therapeutic failure of at least 20% after 12 months in chronic patients and the high rate of adverse events, together with the recent data that suggest that we may be overdosing patients, we propose to test new dosing regimens of these two old compounds. Hypotheses: - Lowering the frequency of drug dosing of BZN and NFX, the plasma drug levels of the drugs within the therapeutic range will be maintained. - The duration of treatment with BZN or NFX may be related to the effectiveness of these drugs. - Blood levels of the proposed biomarkers will significantly diminish or became negative after a relatively short interval after treatment.

All Clinical Trials for NIFURTIMOX

Trial ID	Title	Status	Sponsor	Phase	Start Date	Summary
NCT00146627 ↗	Efficacy - Safety of Eflornithine-Nifurtimox Combination Versus Eflornithine to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis	Completed	Epicentre	Phase 3	1969-12-31	The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic combination of I.V. eflornithine + oral nifurtimox to the standard IV eflornithine regimen in terms of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, in patients suffering from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the meningoencephalitic phase.
NCT00146627 ↗	Efficacy - Safety of Eflornithine-Nifurtimox Combination Versus Eflornithine to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis	Completed	Medecins Sans Frontieres, Netherlands	Phase 3	1969-12-31	The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic combination of I.V. eflornithine + oral nifurtimox to the standard IV eflornithine regimen in terms of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, in patients suffering from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the meningoencephalitic phase.
NCT00146627 ↗	Efficacy - Safety of Eflornithine-Nifurtimox Combination Versus Eflornithine to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis	Completed	PNLTHA-DRC;	Phase 3	1969-12-31	The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic combination of I.V. eflornithine + oral nifurtimox to the standard IV eflornithine regimen in terms of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, in patients suffering from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the meningoencephalitic phase.
NCT00146627 ↗	Efficacy - Safety of Eflornithine-Nifurtimox Combination Versus Eflornithine to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis	Completed	PNLTHA-RoC	Phase 3	1969-12-31	The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic combination of I.V. eflornithine + oral nifurtimox to the standard IV eflornithine regimen in terms of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, in patients suffering from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the meningoencephalitic phase.
NCT00146627 ↗	Efficacy - Safety of Eflornithine-Nifurtimox Combination Versus Eflornithine to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis	Completed	Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute	Phase 3	1969-12-31	The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic combination of I.V. eflornithine + oral nifurtimox to the standard IV eflornithine regimen in terms of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, in patients suffering from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the meningoencephalitic phase.
NCT00146627 ↗	Efficacy - Safety of Eflornithine-Nifurtimox Combination Versus Eflornithine to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis	Completed	World Health Organization	Phase 3	1969-12-31	The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic combination of I.V. eflornithine + oral nifurtimox to the standard IV eflornithine regimen in terms of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, in patients suffering from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the meningoencephalitic phase.
NCT00146627 ↗	Efficacy - Safety of Eflornithine-Nifurtimox Combination Versus Eflornithine to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis	Completed	Drugs for Neglected Diseases	Phase 3	1969-12-31	The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic combination of I.V. eflornithine + oral nifurtimox to the standard IV eflornithine regimen in terms of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, in patients suffering from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the meningoencephalitic phase.

Clinical Trial Conditions for NIFURTIMOX

Condition Name

Condition Name for NIFURTIMOX
Intervention	Trials
Chagas Disease	10
Trypanosomiasis, African	4
Neuroblastoma	2
Sleeping Sickness	2

Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for NIFURTIMOX
Intervention	Trials
Chagas Disease	13
Trypanosomiasis	8
Trypanosomiasis, African	6
Neuroblastoma	2

Clinical Trial Locations for NIFURTIMOX

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for NIFURTIMOX
Location	Trials
United States	15
Argentina	12
Bolivia	10
Congo	10
Colombia	5

Trials by US State

Trials by US State for NIFURTIMOX
Location	Trials
Missouri	2
North Carolina	1
Minnesota	1
Michigan	1
Massachusetts	1

Clinical Trial Progress for NIFURTIMOX

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for NIFURTIMOX
Clinical Trial Phase	Trials
Phase 4	2
Phase 3	4
Phase 2/Phase 3	4

Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for NIFURTIMOX
Clinical Trial Phase	Trials
Completed	11
Unknown status	4
Recruiting	3

Clinical Trial Sponsors for NIFURTIMOX

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for NIFURTIMOX
Sponsor	Trials
Drugs for Neglected Diseases	9
Bayer	7
Epicentre	3

Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for NIFURTIMOX
Sponsor	Trials
Other	43
Industry	9
NIH	1

Last updated: July 28, 2026

Nifurtimox clinical trials update, market analysis, and projection (2026–2036)

Nifurtimox, an oral nitrofuran antimicrobial used for Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), has a constrained commercial footprint and a small modern clinical pipeline focused on efficacy, safety, and dosing optimization. Market growth hinges on geographic expansion through endemic-country procurement programs and any future regulatory pathways that broaden use beyond current label scope. No late-stage (Phase 3) global development program with a clear filing-to-approval timeline is evident in the current public record; activity is mostly incremental, including repurposing and regimen optimization studies rather than a broad, next-generation replacement.

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What clinical trials are ongoing for nifurtimox in Chagas disease?

Featured snippet (status): Public clinical activity for nifurtimox is concentrated in study designs that refine regimen tolerability and outcomes in T. cruzi infection, with a practical emphasis on pediatric use, dosing schedules, and comparative effectiveness versus alternative nitrofurans (notably benznidazole) in endemic populations.

Key trial themes

• Regimen optimization: shorter courses, modified dosing frequency, or adherence-support strategies to reduce gastrointestinal and neurologic adverse events.
• Early vs late infection targeting: studies stratify by age and chronicity because benefit-risk profiles differ by disease stage.
• Safety monitoring in pediatric cohorts: tolerability management is central because adverse events can drive discontinuation.
• Combination or comparator frameworks: designs often include benznidazole comparators or benchmark existing standard-of-care to position nifurtimox for guideline inclusion where it is not first-line.

Where trials are likely to run

• Endemic geographies in Latin America where T. cruzi prevalence drives recruitment scale.
• Clinical networks supported by public health programs and academic consortia rather than large multinational sponsors, reflecting the drug’s established status and low incentive for standalone late-stage registration unless there is label-expansion value.

Timing question: is nifurtimox nearing Phase 3 readouts?

Featured snippet (timing): There is no widely documented, Phase 3-to-NDA/BLA accelerated path for nifurtimox with a single, high-visibility primary endpoint and a near-term regulatory filing date in the publicly indexed record. The dominant pattern is incremental clinical work with uncertain translation into immediate market revaluation.

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What is the Orange Book and regulatory status of nifurtimox (US)?

Featured snippet (status): Nifurtimox is a legacy antimicrobial with US regulatory history tied to established indications for Chagas disease; its availability and label details depend on the specific marketed product and formulation. In the US, products containing nifurtimox are treated as drug products under the traditional small-molecule regulatory framework, with exclusivity and patent life driving generic availability where applicable.

Regulatory mechanics that matter commercially

• Label scope and guideline alignment: the market expands when national guidelines endorse nifurtimox as an option alongside benznidazole for specific patient subsets (age windows, infection stage).
• Formulation and supply continuity: commercial viability depends on reliable sourcing and quality manufacturing, since procurement tends to be tender-driven.

Key commercial implication

Even if clinical results improve perceived efficacy or tolerability, the market impact typically arrives through public health procurement and reimbursement, not through rapid private-pay uptake.

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How is nifurtimox priced and bought in the endemic-country market?

Featured snippet (commercial model): Sales of nifurtimox are predominantly driven by government and donor procurement for Chagas disease programs rather than by large, market-wide commercial reimbursement dynamics typical of primary-care drugs in high-income countries.

Typical purchasing behavior

• Tendering and bulk supply contracts with centralized procurement.
• Guideline-linked formularies: procurement volumes shift when ministries adopt or revise Chagas treatment algorithms.
• Pharmacovigilance and regimen tolerability: safety profile drives utilization because treatment discontinuation increases program costs and reduces effective coverage.

What limits pricing power

• Competition versus benznidazole: both are nitrofurans; procurement often chooses based on local stock availability, tolerability, and cost.
• Generic presence: legacy molecules usually have multiple manufacturers, compressing price.

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How big is the nifurtimox market today, and what segments drive revenue?

Featured snippet (today): Nifurtimox revenue is tied to Chagas treatment volume and treatment duration, with the largest economic levers in (1) pediatric and early chronic cohorts, (2) endemic-country access programs, and (3) situations where nifurtimox is preferred or used due to contraindications or supply constraints affecting benznidazole.

Market segmentation that affects forecasts

• Patient stage: acute/early vs chronic infection.
• Age group: pediatric vs adult tolerance.
• Geography: procurement scale by endemic burden and program funding.
• Route and formulation: nifurtimox is oral; demand is tightly coupled to existing oral dosing schedules used in programs.

Competitive positioning

• Direct comparator: benznidazole.
• Indirect substitution: watchful clinical practice and program-specific treatment protocols that dictate which nitrofuran is stocked.

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When does nifurtimox lose exclusivity and enable generic entry risks?

Featured snippet (patent risk): For legacy small molecules, exclusivity typically already lapsed or is near-lapsed, with generic entry largely a supply and procurement matter. The main near-term risks and opportunities are not “new generic launches,” but whether additional suppliers qualify and can reliably supply procurement tenders.

What to monitor for generic risk

• Manufacturing capacity and regulatory quality: supplier qualification can delay availability even when patents are not a barrier.
• Product-specific patents: different salts, coatings, or tablet strengths can carry separate IP and regulatory considerations.

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How does nifurtimox compare with benznidazole for efficacy and safety?

Featured snippet (comparison): Nifurtimox and benznidazole have overlapping roles as T. cruzi nitrofurans, with practice patterns differing by country. Safety tolerability, particularly gastrointestinal effects and neurologic toxicity, drives regimen selection and discontinuation rates in real-world and program settings.

Decision factors in endemic procurement

• Adverse event burden: discontinuation affects effective treated coverage.
• Monitoring requirements: programs that can support adverse event management can use more intensive regimens.
• Availability and continuity: national stocks and supply stability influence which nitrofuran is consistently used.

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What patent estate protects nifurtimox (and what is the IP strategy landscape)?

Featured snippet (IP): Nifurtimox is a long-established compound. Current patent influence in commercial planning typically comes from process, formulation, or packaging rather than from foundational compound claims.

How to interpret “patent estate strength” for nifurtimox

• Compound patents: largely expired in most jurisdictions given historical development timelines.
• Practical IP barriers: product-specific formulations and manufacturing processes, plus any data protection or regulatory exclusivities tied to a particular labeled product.
• Litigation impact: for legacy molecules with broad genericization, litigation is usually sporadic and not a primary driver of supply risk.

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What litigation or Paragraph IV challenges affect nifurtimox supply?

Featured snippet (litigation): No consistent pattern of large-scale Paragraph IV litigation is expected to materially disrupt nifurtimox supply if patents have largely expired. Any disputes tend to be product- or process-specific and typically do not restructure market access beyond delaying a specific SKU.

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What clinical endpoints matter most for nifurtimox adoption?

Featured snippet (endpoints): Adoption depends on demonstrated improvement in clinically meaningful disease outcomes and patient-centered tolerability, with particular weight on pediatric safety and adherence.

Common high-value endpoints

• Parasitological markers: serologic conversion patterns in defined cohorts.
• Progression markers: conversion from chronic infection states to reduced parasitemia proxies.
• Treatment completion rates: discontinuation due to adverse events.
• Safety outcomes: neurologic and GI toxicity incidence.

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Nifurtimox market projection 2026–2036: base, upside, and downside scenarios

Featured snippet (forecast direction): Growth is modest and procurement-led. The base case assumes gradual expansion in endemic-country coverage with limited price upside due to generic competition. Upside requires demonstrable clinical improvements that shift guideline use or expand treated populations. Downside reflects fiscal constraints, supply-chain interruptions, or substitution toward benznidazole if tolerability or availability swings.

Scenario framework (directional, procurement-driven)

• Base case: low single-digit annual volume growth through incremental treatment coverage; revenue tracks with volumes and tender pricing.
• Upside case: stronger clinical adoption in pediatric and early chronic cohorts plus program funding increases; share shifts where nifurtimox is the preferred nitrofuran or where it is substituted due to benznidazole constraints.
• Downside case: continued adverse event-driven discontinuation without regimen improvement; procurement favors benznidazole due to better tolerability in program settings or superior supply reliability.

What would change the forecast materially

• Clear regulatory label expansions that increase eligible patient populations.
• New regimen evidence that improves adherence or reduces discontinuation in randomized or well-controlled studies.
• Supply qualification events that add or remove manufacturers at the tender level.

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Which companies control nifurtimox supply and competitive access?

Featured snippet (competition): Competitive dynamics are supplier-driven rather than innovation-driven. The main competitors are manufacturers that can consistently qualify and win endemic tender contracts for oral nifurtimox formulations.

Competitive landscape drivers

• Quality systems and batch release reliability
• Ability to scale manufacturing
• Tender compliance and distribution reach

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Manufacturing and regulatory barriers for new entrants to nifurtimox

Featured snippet (barriers): For legacy antimicrobials, the barriers are typically regulatory quality and manufacturing scale rather than patent exclusivity.

Operational constraints

• GMP compliance for oral solids
• Stability and dissolution profile consistency
• Supply chain resilience to avoid tender penalties and stockouts

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Key Takeaways

• Nifurtimox clinical work is likely concentrated in regimen optimization and safety-focused evidence building for Chagas disease, with no widely visible near-term Phase 3-to-filing catalyst in the public record.
• The market is procurement-led in endemic countries; pricing power is structurally limited by generics and comparator selection versus benznidazole.
• Forecasts are modest and volume-driven; meaningful upside requires label expansion or regimen evidence that improves completion rates and shifts guideline use.
• The biggest near-term market determinants are tender-driven supply continuity and program funding, not IP or innovation leaps.

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FAQs

1) Are there any new Phase 3 trials for nifurtimox in Chagas disease?
Publicly indexed late-stage programs appear limited; clinical activity is more consistent with optimization and outcomes validation than with a clear Phase 3 registration track.

2) What adverse events most limit nifurtimox adherence in real-world Chagas treatment programs?
GI intolerance and neurologic toxicity are the main drivers of discontinuation and reduced effective coverage in program settings.

3) Does nifurtimox have a role in pediatric Chagas treatment?
Yes, pediatric safety and completion rates are central to whether programs adopt it for younger patients, with regimen tolerability under close evaluation.

4) How does benznidazole affect nifurtimox market share?
Procurement often favors the nitrofuran with better tolerability, availability, and program compatibility; shifts in benznidazole supply or adverse event experience can swing demand.

5) What is the biggest risk to nifurtimox revenue growth in endemic markets?
Budget constraints and supply continuity risk at the tender level, which can outweigh incremental clinical evidence in the short term.

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References (APA)

1. WHO. (2022). Control of Chagas disease: second report of the WHO expert committee. World Health Organization.
2. FDA. (n.d.). Drug approval and labeling information (nifurtimox-related products). U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
3. ClinicalTrials.gov. (n.d.). Nifurtimox studies in Chagas disease. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. PAHO. (n.d.). Chagas disease program and treatment guidance resources. Pan American Health Organization.