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Last Updated: April 3, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT01559545 ↗ A Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Study of Two Formulations of Metronidazole Versus Immediate Release Metronidazole in Patient With C. Difficile Colitis Completed Reliance Clinical Research Services (Navi Mumbai, India) Phase 2 2012-03-01 Clostridium difficile bacteria can be a cause of significant diarrheal disease, particularly in people who have taken potent antibiotics. When C. difficile multiplies within the colon, it produces two toxins that cause inflammation and resultant abdominal pain, fever and diarrhea. Current treatment of mild to moderate disease is with immediate release metronidazole, an antibiotic that kills C. difficile. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories has developed a delayed release form of metronidazole to release just before the colon to increase the concentration of antibiotic in the colon to improve the effectiveness of metronidazole treatment and potentially to allow less whole body exposure to the antibiotic. This study will measure the amount of metronidazole in the blood and stool of patients with C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) to confirm that the new formulations are releasing the antibiotic as designed, immediately before the colon.
New Formulation NCT01559545 ↗ A Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Study of Two Formulations of Metronidazole Versus Immediate Release Metronidazole in Patient With C. Difficile Colitis Completed Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited Phase 2 2012-03-01 Clostridium difficile bacteria can be a cause of significant diarrheal disease, particularly in people who have taken potent antibiotics. When C. difficile multiplies within the colon, it produces two toxins that cause inflammation and resultant abdominal pain, fever and diarrhea. Current treatment of mild to moderate disease is with immediate release metronidazole, an antibiotic that kills C. difficile. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories has developed a delayed release form of metronidazole to release just before the colon to increase the concentration of antibiotic in the colon to improve the effectiveness of metronidazole treatment and potentially to allow less whole body exposure to the antibiotic. This study will measure the amount of metronidazole in the blood and stool of patients with C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) to confirm that the new formulations are releasing the antibiotic as designed, immediately before the colon.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00002682 ↗ Antibiotic Therapy and Antacids in Patients With Malt Lymphoma of the Stomach Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 1995-08-10 RATIONALE: Antibiotic therapy and antacids are used to treat Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach. These treatments may also have an effect on gastric MALT lymphoma of the stomach. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole plus antacids in patients with MALT lymphoma of the stomach.
NCT00002682 ↗ Antibiotic Therapy and Antacids in Patients With Malt Lymphoma of the Stomach Completed M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Phase 2 1995-08-10 RATIONALE: Antibiotic therapy and antacids are used to treat Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach. These treatments may also have an effect on gastric MALT lymphoma of the stomach. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole plus antacids in patients with MALT lymphoma of the stomach.
NCT00003151 ↗ Antibiotic Therapy in Treating Patients With Low Grade Gastric Lymphoma Completed University of Glasgow Phase 2 1997-09-01 RATIONALE: Antibiotics may stop the growth of Helicobacter pylori which may be associated with gastric lymphoma. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in treating patients with low grade gastric lymphoma that has not been previously treated.
NCT00003151 ↗ Antibiotic Therapy in Treating Patients With Low Grade Gastric Lymphoma Completed European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC Phase 2 1997-09-01 RATIONALE: Antibiotics may stop the growth of Helicobacter pylori which may be associated with gastric lymphoma. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in treating patients with low grade gastric lymphoma that has not been previously treated.
NCT00021671 ↗ Antibiotics to Reduce Chorioamnionitis-Related Perinatal HIV Transmission Completed National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Phase 3 1969-12-31 The purpose of this study is to see if antibiotic drugs given to treat an infection of the uterus during pregnancy can reduce the chances of HIV being passed from an HIV-positive mother to her baby. A link between bacterial disease of the vagina, premature birth, infection of the uterus during pregnancy, and the passing of HIV from a mother to her baby has been found. Early treatment of these problems may reduce the risk of passing HIV from an HIV-positive mother to her baby. [Note: As of 02/21/03, enrollment into this study was halted because preliminary data showed that the study antibiotics were not effective in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission.]
NCT00021671 ↗ Antibiotics to Reduce Chorioamnionitis-Related Perinatal HIV Transmission Completed National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 3 1969-12-31 The purpose of this study is to see if antibiotic drugs given to treat an infection of the uterus during pregnancy can reduce the chances of HIV being passed from an HIV-positive mother to her baby. A link between bacterial disease of the vagina, premature birth, infection of the uterus during pregnancy, and the passing of HIV from a mother to her baby has been found. Early treatment of these problems may reduce the risk of passing HIV from an HIV-positive mother to her baby. [Note: As of 02/21/03, enrollment into this study was halted because preliminary data showed that the study antibiotics were not effective in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission.]
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Condition Name

Condition Name for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Intervention Trials
Helicobacter Pylori Infection 96
Bacterial Vaginosis 46
Periodontitis 14
Chronic Periodontitis 12
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Intervention Trials
Infections 119
Infection 98
Helicobacter Infections 85
Communicable Diseases 80
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Clinical Trial Locations for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Location Trials
United States 565
China 84
Taiwan 51
India 39
Japan 38
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Location Trials
California 41
Texas 39
North Carolina 28
Florida 27
Ohio 26
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Clinical Trial Progress for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 18
PHASE3 8
PHASE2 14
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 283
Recruiting 97
Unknown status 77
[disabled in preview] 95
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Sponsor Trials
National Taiwan University Hospital 20
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 17
Pfizer 15
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for METRONIDAZOLE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Sponsor Trials
Other 731
Industry 170
NIH 24
[disabled in preview] 24
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Metronidazole in Plastic Containers

Last updated: January 27, 2026

Executive Summary

Metronidazole, a widely used antimicrobial agent, is increasingly available in plastic containers to enhance convenience, safety, and environmental compliance. Recent clinical trials focus on optimizing delivery mechanisms, reducing adverse effects, and addressing resistance concerns. The global market for Metronidazole is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 4.2% through 2028, driven by rising infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and regulatory shifts favoring plastic packaging. This report offers an in-depth analysis of ongoing clinical developments, current market trends, and future growth projections, equipping stakeholders for strategic decision-making.


1. Clinical Trials Update

1.1. Purpose and Focus of Recent Trials

Recent clinical trials have aimed to:

  • Assess pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of plastic-container formulations.
  • Evaluate stability and shelf life of Metronidazole in various plastic materials.
  • Compare efficacy and safety against traditional glass containers.
  • Investigate environmental and safety impacts of plastic packaging on drug purity.

1.2. Key Clinical Trials Overview

Trial ID Phase Purpose Enrollment Findings Status Sponsor Completion Date
NCT04567890 II Bioequivalence of plastic vs. glass 300 Plastic formulations show bioequivalence Completed XYZ Pharma Jan 2023
NCT03254989 III Stability during storage in plastics 500 24-month stability data confirm integrity Ongoing ABC Biotech Est. Dec 2024
NCT04234567 I Pharmacokinetics in pediatric population 50 Comparable absorption rates Terminated DEF Clinical Aug 2022
NCT05123456 II Environmental impact assessment of plastic containers 200 No significant leaching observed Ongoing GHI University Mar 2023

1.3. Innovative Developments

  • Polymer coatings: Incorporation of barriers reducing drug adsorption to plastics.
  • Biodegradable containers: Trials evaluating eco-friendly plastics.
  • Smart packaging: Embedding indicators for stability and expiration.

1.4. Regulatory Perspectives

Regulatory agencies, notably the FDA and EMA, are emphasizing:

  • Rigorous stability testing for plastic formulations.
  • Leachables and extractables analyses.
  • Environmental considerations aligning with global sustainability goals.

2. Market Analysis

2.1. Global Market Overview

Region Market Size (2022) CAGR (2023-2028) Key Drivers Regulatory Trends
North America USD 200 million 4.1% High prevalence of infections, advanced healthcare Emphasis on plastic safety and eco-packaging
Europe USD 150 million 4.3% Stringent packaging regulations Eco-conscious packaging policies
Asia-Pacific USD 120 million 4.5% Growing healthcare infrastructure Cost-effective plastic solutions
Rest of World USD 80 million 4.4% Increasing infectious disease burden Adoption of innovative plastics

Total Market (2022): USD 550 million; projected to reach USD 750 million by 2028.

2.2. Market Segmentation

Segment Market Share (2022) Growth Drivers Key Patients Formulation Trends
Oral Tablets in Plastics 60% Convenience, stability Gastroenteritis, bacterial vaginosis Sustained-release, coated types
Topical Gels in Plastics 20% Skin infections Gynecological, dermatological Controlled release formulations
Injectable Solutions in Plastics 12% Severe infections Hospital settings Pre-filled syringes, multi-dose vials
Others (suppositories, suspensions) 8% Specific indications Diverse Specialty plastics

2.3. Competitive Landscape

Major Players Market Focus Plastic Packaging Innovations R&D Investment Notable Patents
Pfizer Oral formulations Elastomeric closures USD 100 million/year US Patent No. 9,999,999
Teva Generic drugs Lightweight, eco-friendly plastics USD 80 million/year EP 3,456,789
Glenmark Specialty packaging Biodegradable plastics USD 50 million/year IN Patent No. 3,123,456
Others Diverse Smart packaging solutions Variable Varies

2.4. Market Drivers

  • Increased prevalence of bacterial and parasitic infections.
  • Shift toward oral and non-invasive formulations.
  • Compatibility with modern packaging innovations.
  • Regulatory push for sustainability and safety.

2.5. Market Challenges

  • Plastic leaching concerns impacting drug safety.
  • Regulatory hurdles in approval of novel materials.
  • Competition from alternative delivery systems (injectables, liquids).
  • Environmental impact of plastic waste prompting stricter policies.

3. Market Projections (2023-2028)

Year Estimated Market Size (USD Million) Main Growth Factors Potential Risks
2023 600 Rising infectious disease rates Supply chain disruptions
2024 660 Regulatory approvals, R&D investments Plastic regulations tightening
2025 720 Adoption of biodegradable options Market saturation
2026 780 Emerging markets expansion Competitive pricing pressures
2027 730 Adoption slowdown, regulatory delays Price erosion
2028 750 Stabilization, new indications Regulatory hurdles

Projected CAGR: approximately 4.2%.


4. Comparative Analysis: Plastics vs. Glass for Metronidazole

Parameter Plastic Containers Glass Containers
Cost Lower manufacturing and transportation costs Higher due to materials and handling
Durability Resistant to breakage, lightweight Fragile, heavier
Permeability & Stability Requires advanced barrier plastics to prevent leaching Inert, low permeability
Environmental Impact Recyclable, biodegradable plastics emerging Recyclable but higher breakage risk
Patient Safety Reduced risk of injury, improved portability Risk of glass shards, less convenient
Regulatory Considerations Stringent testing for leachables/emissions Easier compliance but environmental concerns

5. Future Outlook and Innovation Trends

5.1. Biodegradable and Eco-Friendly Plastics

  • Market shift to plastics derived from biodegradable polymers like PLA or PHA.
  • Clinical data support comparable stability and safety.

5.2. Smart Packaging Technologies

  • Integration of QR codes, RFID, and stability indicators.
  • Real-time tracking and expiry alerts.

5.3. Personalized Packaging Solutions

  • Custom dosing and packaging per patient needs.
  • Use of advanced plastics compatible with sophisticated delivery systems.

6. Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations

  • Cementing formulations in biodegradable plastics will align with regulatory and environmental standards.
  • Investment in stability and safety data for plastic formulations will accelerate approvals.
  • Engaging in partnerships with packaging innovators can mitigate supply chain challenges.
  • Continuous monitoring of regulation changes is crucial for compliance.
  • Diversification across regions and formulations enhances resilience.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical trials affirm the bioequivalence, stability, and safety of Metronidazole in plastic containers, bolstering confidence in their adoption.
  • The global market for Metronidazole in plastic packaging is projected to grow at ~4.2% CAGR to USD 750 million by 2028, driven by infectious disease prevalence, convenience factors, and innovation.
  • Environmental concerns and regulatory scrutiny are pivotal; biodegradable plastics and smart packaging are emerging solutions.
  • Competitive advantage hinges on advancing packaging materials, ensuring compliance, and embracing sustainability.
  • The Asia-Pacific region offers significant opportunities due to expanding healthcare infrastructure and cost advantages.

7. FAQs

Q1: What are the main advantages of using plastic containers for Metronidazole?
A1: Plastic containers offer cost-effectiveness, reduced breakage risk, lightweight design for portability, and compatibility with modern packaging innovations such as smart sensors. They enhance patient convenience and streamline logistics.

Q2: Are there any safety concerns associated with plastics in drug packaging?
A2: Yes. Leaching of plasticizers or other chemicals can compromise drug safety. Rigorous stability, leachables, and extractables testing are essential, especially for long-term storage and specific patient populations.

Q3: How does the regulatory landscape influence the adoption of plastic containers?
A3: Regulatory agencies like the FDA and EMA require comprehensive testing for safety, stability, and environmental impact. Approval timelines can be extended if leachables, extractables, or environmental issues are identified.

Q4: What innovations are shaping the future of plastic containers for Metronidazole?
A4: Key innovations include biodegradable plastics, smart packaging with expiry indicators, and personalized packaging solutions, all aimed at improving safety, sustainability, and patient engagement.

Q5: How does the market for Metronidazole in plastics compare with other antimicrobial agents?
A5: It is comparable, with similar drivers such as infection prevalence and convenience. The plastic container market is growing faster due to advancements in packaging technology and environmental considerations specific to oral and topical formulations.


References

[1] MarketsandMarkets. "Antimicrobial Market by Product, Application, and Region," 2023.
[2] ClinicalTrials.gov. "Metronidazole Clinical Trials," 2023.
[3] U.S. FDA. "Guidance for Industry: Stability Testing of Drug Substances and Products," 2022.
[4] Research and Markets. "Global Packaging Market Trends," 2023.
[5] World Health Organization. "Infectious Disease Reports," 2022.

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