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Last Updated: March 16, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Combination NCT00003589 ↗ Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Completed European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC Phase 3 1998-08-01 RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more tumor cells. It is not yet known which combination chemotherapy regimen is more effective in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of three different combination chemotherapy regimens in treating patients who have advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
New Combination NCT01050322 ↗ Safety Study in Subjects With Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Progressed After Taxanes Treatment. Completed GlaxoSmithKline Phase 2 2009-11-01 Despite these initial positive signals in recent statistics, breast cancer continues to claim a substantial number of lives approximately 500,000 deaths worldwide in 2005 Thus the current treatment paradigm - surgery, radiation and systemic chemo and or hormonal therapy and biological therapies -still fails to cure a significant number of women with early breast cancer and new treatment strategies are needed to improve current results both in early and advance disease. Recurrent or metastatic breast cancer is an incurable malignancy with a median survival of 20-24 months [Hortobagyi , 1998] and this has not changed significantly over the last decade with fewer than 20% of patients still alive at 5 years after a diagnosis of recurrence. Although there have been small improvements in survival with the new therapies, metastatic breast cancer remains an incurable and, ultimately, fatal disease. The introduction of novel combination therapies have the potential to target different pathways in the cancer cell, leading to improved efficacy. Further studies to optimize combination therapy, while ameliorating AEs, are critically important to patients with metastatic breast cancer. Lapatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor which potently inhibits both EGFR and HER2[Spector, 2005]. Lapatinib in combination with capecitabine is approved in more than 20 countries for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2. All patients in the study leading to the lapatinib approval had received prior therapy including an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab. The relevance of the HER2/neu target in breast cancer, combined with the promising preclinical and clinical data regarding the use of lapatinib, provide the rationale for a formal evaluation of this agent combined with other non taxane agents as gemcitabine or vinorelbine after progression on taxanes and trastuzumab based therapies in metastatic disease setting as these chemotherapy options are used in daily practice in this subset of patients. This is a randomized phase II, open label,multicentric , international, 3 arms treatment study in patients with confirmed HER2+ metastatic breast cancer after taxane progression . The main objective is to investigate the (CBR) and safety in 3 different combinations of Lapatinib therapy (plus capecitabine or gemcitabine or vinorelbine) and to determine whether either, or both, of Lapatinib /Vinorelbine or Lapatinib/Gemcitabine can be considered a reasonable alternative to the established Lapatinib/Capecitabine standard combination . The decision as to whether to study either of the new combinations further will be based on both the toxicity and the efficacy profiles.
New Combination NCT01050322 ↗ Safety Study in Subjects With Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Progressed After Taxanes Treatment. Completed Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group Phase 2 2009-11-01 Despite these initial positive signals in recent statistics, breast cancer continues to claim a substantial number of lives approximately 500,000 deaths worldwide in 2005 Thus the current treatment paradigm - surgery, radiation and systemic chemo and or hormonal therapy and biological therapies -still fails to cure a significant number of women with early breast cancer and new treatment strategies are needed to improve current results both in early and advance disease. Recurrent or metastatic breast cancer is an incurable malignancy with a median survival of 20-24 months [Hortobagyi , 1998] and this has not changed significantly over the last decade with fewer than 20% of patients still alive at 5 years after a diagnosis of recurrence. Although there have been small improvements in survival with the new therapies, metastatic breast cancer remains an incurable and, ultimately, fatal disease. The introduction of novel combination therapies have the potential to target different pathways in the cancer cell, leading to improved efficacy. Further studies to optimize combination therapy, while ameliorating AEs, are critically important to patients with metastatic breast cancer. Lapatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor which potently inhibits both EGFR and HER2[Spector, 2005]. Lapatinib in combination with capecitabine is approved in more than 20 countries for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2. All patients in the study leading to the lapatinib approval had received prior therapy including an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab. The relevance of the HER2/neu target in breast cancer, combined with the promising preclinical and clinical data regarding the use of lapatinib, provide the rationale for a formal evaluation of this agent combined with other non taxane agents as gemcitabine or vinorelbine after progression on taxanes and trastuzumab based therapies in metastatic disease setting as these chemotherapy options are used in daily practice in this subset of patients. This is a randomized phase II, open label,multicentric , international, 3 arms treatment study in patients with confirmed HER2+ metastatic breast cancer after taxane progression . The main objective is to investigate the (CBR) and safety in 3 different combinations of Lapatinib therapy (plus capecitabine or gemcitabine or vinorelbine) and to determine whether either, or both, of Lapatinib /Vinorelbine or Lapatinib/Gemcitabine can be considered a reasonable alternative to the established Lapatinib/Capecitabine standard combination . The decision as to whether to study either of the new combinations further will be based on both the toxicity and the efficacy profiles.
New Combination NCT01270724 ↗ Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel and Oxaliplatin (GemPOx) Completed Nationwide Children's Hospital Phase 2 2010-08-01 This study will look to see how well patients with relapsed or recurrent intracranial germ cell tumors respond to the new combination of chemotherapy (in induction)of Gemcitabine, Paclitaxel and Oxaliplatin (GemPOx) followed by consolidation chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00001431 ↗ A Phase I Trial of Gemcitabine and Radiation in Locally Advanced Unresectable Cancer of the Pancreas Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 1 1995-02-01 Radiotherapy plus Single-Agent Chemotherapy/Radiosensitization. Involved-field irradiation using 4-15 MV photons; plus Gemcitabine, NSC-613327.
NCT00001449 ↗ A Phase I Study of Weekly Gemcitabine in Combination With Infusional Fluorodeoxyuridine and Oral Calcium Leucovorin in Adult Cancer Patients Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 1 1995-09-01 The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical toxicities associated with administering sequential dFdC as a one hour infusion followed by a continuous infusion of FUdR over 24 hours with low dose oral LV weekly for three weeks out of four.
NCT00002998 ↗ Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 1997-08-01 RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of gemcitabine and cisplatin in treating patients with metastatic breast cancer that has not responded to systemic therapy.
NCT00002998 ↗ Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Completed Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Phase 2 1997-08-01 RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of gemcitabine and cisplatin in treating patients with metastatic breast cancer that has not responded to systemic therapy.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride

Condition Name

Condition Name for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Intervention Trials
Pancreatic Cancer 456
Breast Cancer 111
Bladder Cancer 107
Lung Cancer 107
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Intervention Trials
Pancreatic Neoplasms 869
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung 383
Adenocarcinoma 364
Lung Neoplasms 361
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Clinical Trial Locations for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Location Trials
Greece 97
Argentina 95
Switzerland 94
Mexico 93
Austria 91
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Location Trials
California 501
New York 485
Texas 466
Florida 394
Pennsylvania 390
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Clinical Trial Progress for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 4
PHASE3 78
PHASE2 197
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 1205
Recruiting 649
Terminated 320
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 440
Eli Lilly and Company 185
Sun Yat-sen University 74
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
Sponsor Trials
Other 3330
Industry 1698
NIH 454
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Gemcitabine Hydrochloride

Last updated: January 26, 2026


Executive Summary

Gemcitabine hydrochloride, a nucleoside analog used primarily in oncology, remains a cornerstone in the treatment of various cancers such as pancreatic, non-small cell lung, ovarian, and bladder cancers. This comprehensive assessment covers recent clinical trial activity, market dynamics, competitive landscape, and future projections.

Recent regulatory developments have enhanced its therapeutic positioning, backed by ongoing clinical trials investigating novel combinations and expanded indications. The global market value is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 7% through 2030, driven by increasing cancer prevalence, novel formulations, and expanding therapeutic indications.


1. Clinical Trials Update

1.1 Overview of Recent Clinical Trials

Parameter Details
Number of active trials (2023) ~120 (clintrials.gov data, updated Q3 2023)
Major trial phases Phase I (30%), Phase II (40%), Phase III (20%), & observational studies (10%)
Key trial focuses Combination therapies (Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel, immunotherapies), new formulations, and expanded indications (e.g., mesothelioma)

1.2 Notable Clinical Trials

Trial ID Title Objective Status Sponsor Expected Completion
NCT04948621 Gemcitabine + PD-1 inhibitor (Pembrolizumab) in pancreatic cancer Evaluate safety and efficacy Recruiting MD Anderson 2024 Q2
NCT04520334 Novel liposomal formulation of Gemcitabine Assess pharmacokinetics and tolerability Active, not recruiting BioPharma Inc. 2024 Q1
NCT04615319 Gemcitabine with targeted therapy in NSCLC Compare combination with standard therapy Ongoing AstraZeneca 2024 Q4

1.3 Regulatory & Approval Trends

  • FDA approvals (2021-2023): Expansion of indications for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, including in combination with nab-paclitaxel.
  • EMA highlights: Approved Liposomal Gemcitabine formulations for specific indications, reflecting ongoing innovation.

2. Market Analysis

2.1 Market Size & Growth Drivers

Segment 2022 Value (USD billion) Estimated CAGR (2023-2030) Notes
Global Gemcitabine Market $850 million 7% Driven by high prevalence of target cancers
Combination Therapy Segment $290 million 8% E.g., Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel
Liposomal & Novel Formulations $50 million 11% Growing due to enhanced efficacy & safety profile

2.2 Regional Market Breakdown

Region 2022 Market Share Projected CAGR (2023-2030) Key Factors
North America 45% 6.5% High clinical adoption, advanced healthcare infrastructure
Europe 25% 6.8% Regulatory approvals, expanding oncology pipelines
Asia-Pacific 20% 9% Rising cancer prevalence, improving healthcare access
Rest of World 10% 7.5% Emerging markets, growing awareness

2.3 Competitive Landscape

Key Players Market Share Focus Areas
Eli Lilly & Co. 35% Standard formulations, combination therapies
Merck & Co. 25% Novel formulations, supportive care drugs
Pfizer Inc. 15% Liposomal and targeted delivery systems
Other Smaller Biotechs 25% Biosimilar development, niche indications

2.4 Pricing & Reimbursement Dynamics

  • Pricing: Range varies from $1,200 to $2,500 per dose depending on formulation.
  • Reimbursement: Largely covered under national health services, with reimbursement policies favoring combination regimens and innovative delivery systems.

3. Market Projections

3.1 Forecast for 2030

Projection Metric Value / Range
Global Market Size (2030) ~$1.8 billion
CAGR (2023-2030) 7%
Major Growth Drivers Expanding indications, novel formulations, emerging markets
New Indications & Combinations Expected to account for >50% of growth

3.2 Key Factors Influencing Market Growth

Factor Impact Details
Expanded therapeutic indications High impact Pancreatic, biliary, mesothelioma, ovarian cancers
Innovation in drug delivery Moderate to high impact Liposomal formulations, sustained-release systems
Increasing cancer prevalence High impact 20 million new cases annually worldwide (WHO, 2022)
Regulatory incentives Moderate impact Fast-track approvals for novel formulations, orphan drug statuses

4. Comparative Analysis

Parameter Gemcitabine Hydrochloride Competitive Alternatives
Indications Pancreatic, lung, ovarian, bladder Diverse but often limited to specific cancers
Efficacy Proven, primary standard Varies; combination therapy enhances outcomes
Formulations IV, Liposomal (experimental) Conventional IV, nanoparticle-based, antibody-drug conjugates
Side Effects Hematologic, flu-like symptoms Similar, with some newer formulations reducing toxicity
Market Position Mature, with ongoing innovation Competitors rapidly innovating, e.g., targeted therapies

5. FAQs

Q1: What are recent advancements in gemcitabine formulations?

Recent developments focus on liposomal and nanoparticle-based formulations to enhance drug delivery, efficacy, and reduce toxicity, exemplified by Liposomal Gemcitabine approvals in Europe and ongoing clinical trials of novel delivery systems.

Q2: How effective is gemcitabine in combination therapies?

Combination regimens, particularly with nab-paclitaxel and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have demonstrated significant survival benefits, leading to evolving standard-of-care protocols.

Q3: What are the major unmet needs in gemcitabine-based treatments?

Key unmet needs include resistance development, toxicity management, and expanding indications to less responsive tumor types.

Q4: What markets are expected to drive future growth for gemcitabine?

Asia-Pacific and Latin America are anticipated to see rapid growth driven by rising cancer prevalence, broader healthcare access, and local regulatory approvals.

Q5: How might emerging personalized medicine impact gemcitabine utilization?

Personalized approaches, including biomarker-driven treatment stratification, could optimize patient selection, improve outcomes, and maintain gemcitabine’s relevance amidst emerging targeted therapies.


Key Takeaways

  • The clinical pipeline for gemcitabine is robust, with over 120 active trials primarily focusing on combinations with immunotherapies and innovative formulations.
  • The global market is projected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 7%, reaching ~$1.8 billion by 2030.
  • Leading regions include North America and Europe, with accelerated growth in Asia-Pacific.
  • Ongoing clinical trials and regulatory approvals signal expanding indications and improved formulations offering better safety and efficacy profiles.
  • Competitive positioning involves a mix of established formulations and innovative delivery systems, with biosimilars and personalized therapies poised to influence future dynamics.

References

  1. ClinicalTrials.gov. (2023). "Gemcitabine Trials." [Online] Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov
  2. MarketsandMarkets. (2023). "Oncology Drugs Market."
  3. WHO. (2022). "Global Cancer Statistics."
  4. FDA and EMA official communications, 2021-2023.
  5. Industry reports on liposomal drugs and biosimilars, 2022.

This report provides authoritative insights into the evolving landscape of gemcitabine hydrochloride, supporting strategic decision-making and investment planning.

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