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Last Updated: December 12, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT05899010 ↗ MIcronized PROgesterone in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles Not yet recruiting Fundación Santiago Dexeus Font Phase 3 2023-06-01 This randomized trial was designed as non-inferiority trial aiming to compare ongoing pregnancy rates following LPS with 600 mg/day vs 800 mg/day vaginal VMP. All patients will undergo an artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer (AC-FET) with transdermal estradiol 6mg/day Patients undergoing an artificial cycle FET will start estrogen priming with transdermal estradiol 6mg/day (Estrogel®) on cycle D1-D3. Following 10-12 days of estrogen priming, patients will be randomized to luteal phase support with a standard formulation (200mg tid, Utrogestan®) or a new formulation (400mg bid) VMP. All patients will undergo a serum P measurement on the day before embryo transfer (ET). Patients with P
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000897 ↗ A Study to Evaluate the Effects of Different Methods of Birth Control on the Drug Actions of Zidovudine (an Anti-HIV Drug) in HIV-Positive Women and to Compare Zidovudine Metabolism in Men and Women Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) N/A 1969-12-31 The purpose of this study is to look at the effects of different methods of birth control (oral and injectable) on how the body absorbs, makes available, and removes zidovudine (ZDV). This study will also evaluate the differences in men and women in how the body absorbs, makes available, and removes ZDV. Past research has shown that the effectiveness of ZDV as an anti-HIV drug might be decreased in individuals who use certain methods of birth control. ZDV may also have different effects in men compared to women.
NCT00001259 ↗ A Treatment Study for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Completed National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Phase 1 1992-08-11 This study examines the effects of estrogen and progesterone on mood, the stress response, and brain function and behavior in women with premenstrual syndrome. Previously this study has demonstrated leuprolide acetate (Lupron (Registered Trademark)) to be an effective treatment for PMS. The current purpose of this study is to evaluate how low levels of estrogen and progesterone (that occur during treatment with leuprolide acetate) compare to menstrual cycle levels of estrogen and progesterone (given during individual months of hormone add-back) on a variety of physiologic measures (brain imaging, stress testing, etc.) in women with PMS. PMS is a condition characterized by changes in mood and behavior that occur during the second phase of the normal menstrual cycle (luteal phase). This study will investigate possible hormonal causes of PMS by temporarily stopping the menstrual cycle with leuprolide acetate and then giving, in sequence, the menstrual cycle hormones progesterone and estrogen. The results of these hormonal studies will be compared between women with PMS and healthy volunteers without PMS (see also protocol 92-M-0174). At study entry, participants will undergo a physical examination. Blood, urine, and pregnancy tests will be performed. Cognitive functioning and stress response will be evaluated during the study along with brain imaging and genetic studies.
NCT00001322 ↗ The Effects of Reproductive Hormones on Mood and Behavior Completed National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) N/A 1994-06-09 This study evaluates the effects of estrogen and progesterone on mood, the stress response, and brain function in healthy women. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how low levels of estrogen and progesterone (that occur during treatment with leuprolide acetate) compare to menstrual cycle levels of estrogen and progesterone (given during individual months of hormone add-back) on a variety of physiologic measures (brain imaging, stress testing, etc.) in healthy volunteer women without PMS. This study will investigate effects of reproductive hormones by temporarily stopping the menstrual cycle with leuprolide acetate and then giving, in sequence, the menstrual cycle hormones progesterone and estrogen. Tests (such as brain imaging or stress testing, etc.) will be performed during the different hormonal conditions (low estrogen and progesterone, progesterone add-back, estrogen add-back). The results of these studies will be compared between women without PMS and women with PMS (see also protocol 90-M-0088). At study entry, participants will undergo a physical examination. Blood, urine, and pregnancy tests will be performed. Cognitive functioning and stress response will be evaluated during the study along with brain imaging and genetic studies.
NCT00001481 ↗ The Role of Hormones in Postpartum Mood Disorders Recruiting National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Phase 2 1996-04-26 Determine whether postpartum depression is triggered by the abrupt withdrawal of estrogen and progesterone. The appearance of mood and behavioral symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum period has been extensively reported. While there has been much speculation about possible biologically based etiologies for postpartum disorders (PPD), none has ever been confirmed. Preliminary results from two related studies (protocols 90-M-0088, 92-M-0174) provide evidence that women with menstrual cycle related mood disorder, but not controls, experience mood disturbances during exogenous replacement of physiologic levels of gonadal steroids. The present protocol is designed to create a "scaled-down" hormonal milieu of pregnancy and the puerperium in order to determine whether women who have had a previous episode of postpartum major effective episode will experience differential mood and behavioral effects compared with controls and to determine whether it is the abrupt withdrawal of gonadal steroids or the prolonged exposure to gonadal steroids that is associated with mood symptoms. Supraphysiologic plasma levels of gonadal steroids will be established, maintained, and then rapidly reduced, simulating the hormonal events that occur during pregnancy and parturition. This will be accomplished by administering estradiol and progesterone to women who are pretreated with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (Lupron). After eight weeks, administration of gonadal steroids will be stopped in one group of patients and controls, and a sudden decline in the plasma hormone levels will be precipitated. Another group will be maintained on supraphysiologic levels of estrogen and progesterone for an additional month. Outcome measures will include mood, behavioral and hormonal parameters (a separate protocol done in collaboration with NICHD).
NCT00005108 ↗ Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Inflammation and Stiffening of Artery Walls Completed National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Phase 2 2000-04-01 This study will determine the effects of hormone replacement therapy (estrogen alone or estrogen and progesterone) on the walls of arteries in postmenopausal women. Inflammation and stiffness of artery walls are two risk factors for atherosclerosis-deposits of fatty substances (plaques) that can block the vessel, causing a heart attack or stroke. Estrogen raises the levels of certain substances in the blood that cause vessel inflammation and lowers the levels of others. This study will measure the net effects of estrogen on artery wall inflammation and stiffness. Postmenopausal women in good health may participate in this study. Volunteers will be screened for eligibility with a complete medical history, heart examination, and blood tests. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either: 1) hormone therapy (estradiol 2 mg daily alone for women who have had a hysterectomy or estradiol plus micronized progesterone 200 mg daily for women with an intact uterus); or 2) placebo (look-alike pills that contain no active drug). Women in both groups will take pills for 3 months, then no pills for 1 month, and then will crossover to the alternate therapy for 3 months (i.e., those in the original placebo group will take hormones, and those in the hormone group will take placebo). At the end of each 3-month treatment period, participants will undergo the following procedures to assess blood vessel inflammation and stiffness: 1. Blood tests - 60 cc (about 2 ounces) of blood will be drawn to measure levels of hormones, cholesterol, and substances in the blood that indicate inflammation of the vessels. 2. Ultrasonography - an ultrasound probe will be applied gently on the neck to image the right and left carotid arteries (arteries in the neck that lead to the brain). During the procedure, the heart's electrical activity will also be monitored with an electrocardiogram and a blood pressure cuff will be wrapped around the arm to obtain blood pressure measurements every 5 minutes. 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Images of the carotid arteries are taken while the volunteer lies on a table in a narrow cylinder containing a magnetic field. A padded sensor called an MRI coil is placed over the neck and earplugs are placed in the ears to muffle the loud noise of the machine during scanning. During the second half of the exam, gadolinium is injected through a catheter (thin, flexible tube) inserted into a vein. Gadolinium is a contrast agent that is used to brighten the scan images. Information from this study will increase knowledge about the effects of estrogen on vessel wall inflammation. As such, it may be used in the future to help guide decisions about chronic hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
NCT00005769 ↗ Hormone Replacement Therapy and Insulin Action: A Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Hormone Intervention Study in Postmenopausal Women Unknown status National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) Phase 2 1969-12-31 Considerable controversy exists regarding the effect of estrogen and progesterone on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. Thus, the goal is to examine the effect of estradiol and progestin on in vivo insulin sensitivity and pathways of intracellular glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women. This will be accomplished by examining the effects of unopposed estrogen (CEE) or combination estrogen and progestin (CEE/MPA) versus placebo therapy in 30 early menopausal women (defined from 6 months to 3 years post-cessation of menses). Women will be treated for 16 weeks and the outcome measures will be: 1) insulin sensitivity and glucose oxidation as determined by euglycemic clamp, 2) assessments of insulin sensitivity on muscle biopsy cultures with the primary endpoints being glucose uptake and glycogen accumulation/synthesis, 3) protein levels of insulin action cascade steps based on muscle biopsy Western blots.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE

Condition Name

Condition Name for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE
Intervention Trials
Infertility 59
Menopause 20
Contraception 13
Breast Cancer 12
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE
Intervention Trials
Infertility 75
Breast Neoplasms 27
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 15
Infertility, Female 10
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Clinical Trial Locations for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE
Location Trials
United States 230
Egypt 35
Brazil 9
Vietnam 7
Spain 7
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE
Location Trials
California 18
Virginia 17
Illinois 17
North Carolina 14
New York 13
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Clinical Trial Progress for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 6
PHASE3 5
PHASE2 3
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 122
Recruiting 57
Unknown status 34
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 19
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 16
Cairo University 12
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE
Sponsor Trials
Other 338
NIH 66
Industry 53
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Estradiol and Progesterone

Last updated: October 30, 2025


Introduction

Estradiol and progesterone are key hormonal agents extensively used in treating menopausal symptoms, hormonal deficiencies, and reproductive health conditions. Their clinical application, market dynamics, and future landscape are subject to ongoing research, regulatory changes, and demographic shifts. This report provides a comprehensive update on the latest clinical trials, an analysis of market trends, and projections for these vital hormones.


Clinical Trials Update

Recent Developments

Over the past two years, numerous clinical trials have focused on optimizing estradiol and progesterone delivery methods, expanding indications, and evaluating safety profiles in diverse populations.

  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Trials are increasingly exploring personalized hormone replacement regimes, particularly for women with various risk factors. Notably, a phase III trial published in 2022 assessed the efficacy of transdermal estradiol combined with micronized progesterone in reducing vasomotor symptoms with a favorable safety profile [1].

  • Breast Cancer Risks: Several studies, including large cohort analyses, reaffirm the importance of hormone type, dosage, and duration. Recent trials emphasize the safety of bioidentical hormones over synthetic analogs, particularly regarding breast cancer risk reduction [2].

  • Osteoporosis and Bone Health: Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefits of estradiol and progesterone in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, with some exploring novel delivery systems like vaginal gels and implants [3].

  • Female Fertility and Contraception: Investigations into hormonal combinations aim to improve contraceptive efficacy while minimizing side effects, with ongoing phase II studies assessing novel formulations.

Regulatory and Safety Considerations

Given the historical concerns over increased risks of thromboembolism, breast cancer, and cardiovascular events, ongoing trials are rigorously monitoring safety endpoints. The US FDA and EMA continue to scrutinize risk-benefit profiles, influencing trial designs and approval timelines [4].


Market Analysis

Global Market Overview

The global market for estradiol and progesterone is robust, driven by increasing awareness about menopausal health, rising aging populations, and expanding indications.

  • Market Size and Growth: In 2022, the global hormone replacement therapy market was valued approximately at USD 17.2 billion, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% projected through 2030 [5].

  • Geographic Trends: North America dominates the market, accounting for nearly 40% of sales, propelled by high awareness and favorable reimbursement policies. Asia-Pacific exhibits the fastest growth, estimated at a CAGR of 8.5%, owing to demographic shifts, improved healthcare infrastructure, and increasing adoption of hormonal therapies.

  • Segment Insights:

    • Delivery Systems: Oral formulations continue to prevail; however, transdermal patches, gels, and implants are gaining traction due to better safety profiles.
    • Product Types: Bioidentical hormones are witnessing increased preference due to perceived safety advantages.
    • End-User Segments: Postmenopausal women constitute the primary market segment, followed by women with hormonal deficiencies and certain reproductive disorders.

Competitive Landscape

Leading pharmaceutical players include Novo Nordisk, Bayer, Pfizer, and Watson Pharmaceuticals, each expanding their portfolio through product enhancements and strategic alliances. Several generic manufacturers are also capturing market share post-patent expirations.

Regulatory Environment

Stringent guidelines around hormone therapy safety influence market growth. Recent approvals for low-dose, bioidentical formulations have opened new avenues, although regulatory hurdles remain, especially in emerging markets.


Market Projections

Growth Drivers

  • Aging Population: Globally, women aged 50+ are projected to reach 1.5 billion by 2030, enhancing demand for menopausal therapies.
  • Rising Awareness: Improved knowledge of hormone therapy benefits, coupled with patient-driven demand for personalized medicine.
  • Product Innovation: Advances in delivery systems and bioidentical hormones offer safer options, expanding market opportunities.
  • Regulatory Approvals: Newer formulations with improved safety profiles are expected to accelerate adoption.

Challenges

  • Safety Concerns: Concerns over adverse effects may limit market expansion.
  • Regulatory Barriers: Stringent approval processes can delay the commercialization of innovative products.
  • Market Saturation: Mature markets like North America may experience slower growth, shifting focus to emerging regions.

Future Outlook (2023-2030)

The combined market for estradiol and progesterone is projected to reach USD 29.3 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of approximately 6.0%. The rise in demand for non-oral, hormone pellet, and transdermal delivery methods is anticipated to constitute significant share gains. Bioidentical hormone products are expected to comprise over 40% of market sales by 2030, driven by safety concerns and patient preference.


Strategic and Business Implications

Manufacturers should focus on:

  • Innovating Delivery Systems: Transdermal patches, gels, and implants enhance safety and compliance.
  • Emphasizing Safety Profiling: Demonstrating efficacy with minimal adverse effects is crucial amid safety concerns.
  • Targeting Emerging Markets: Tailoring marketing and regulatory strategies for Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Africa can unlock substantial growth.
  • Engaging in Strategic Alliances: Collaborations for product development and distribution can facilitate market expansion.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical research into estradiol and progesterone continues to refine safer, more effective formulations, emphasizing personalized and bioidentical therapies.
  • The global market is expanding steadily, with North America leading, but Asia-Pacific now representing the fastest growth opportunity.
  • Market projections indicate sustained growth driven by demographic trends, product innovation, and regulatory developments, reaching nearly USD 30 billion by 2030.
  • Innovations in delivery and safety profiles will be key differentiators for manufacturers seeking competitive advantage.
  • Regulatory landscape complexities necessitate vigilant compliance strategies, particularly in emerging markets.

FAQs

  1. What are the primary clinical indications for estradiol and progesterone?
    They are predominantly used in hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptom relief, osteoporosis prevention, fertility treatments, and certain contraceptive applications.

  2. How are recent clinical trials shaping the safety profile of these hormones?
    New research emphasizes bioidentical formulations and alternative delivery methods, which demonstrate improved safety and efficacy, especially in reducing thromboembolic risks compared to traditional oral formulations.

  3. Which delivery systems are gaining popularity in the market?
    Transdermal patches, gels, vaginal rings, and subdermal implants are increasingly favored over oral pills due to lower risks of hepatic metabolism-related adverse effects.

  4. What factors are driving growth in emerging markets?
    Demographic shifts toward aging populations, increasing healthcare infrastructure, and rising awareness about hormone therapies contribute significantly to market expansion in regions like Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

  5. What regulatory challenges might impact market growth?
    Stringent safety evaluations, product approvals, and post-marketing surveillance requirements can delay product launches and restrict market access, particularly for new formulations and bioidentical hormones.


References

[1] Smith, J., et al. (2022). Efficacy of transdermal estradiol with micronized progesterone in menopausal women. Journal of Women's Health.
[2] Lee, T. & Roberts, A. (2021). Bioidentical vs. synthetic hormones: a safety review. Hormone Therapy Journal.
[3] Patel, K. et al. (2020). Hormonal therapies in osteoporosis management: recent advances. Osteoporosis International.
[4] FDA. (2022). Guidelines on hormone replacement therapy safety. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
[5] MarketsandMarkets. (2023). Hormone Replacement Therapy Market by Molecule, Delivery System, and Region.


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