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Last Updated: December 12, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Combination NCT00135187 ↗ Study of Combination Therapy With VELCADE, Doxil, and Dexamethasone (VDd) in Multiple Myeloma Completed University of Michigan Cancer Center N/A 2004-07-01 Patients are being asked to take part in this research study because they have multiple myeloma which has relapsed after (come back), or is refractory to (unaffected by), initial therapy. For patients who have relapsed or are refractory to therapy, there is no agreed upon standard treatment. Treatment options include chemotherapy and, for some patients, bone marrow transplants. None of the available treatments are curative and investigators are continually looking for more effective treatments. This study involves treatment with a new combination of standard drugs: VELCADE, Doxil, and Dexamethasone. Preliminary results from a study using a combination of VELCADE with Doxil showed high response rates (disease reduction). Two other studies showed that an addition of Dexamethasone to VELCADE in patients not responding to VELCADE alone improved response rate. The proposed combination of all three drugs may improve efficacy and response. VELCADE is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in multiple myeloma. Doxil is not approved for use in multiple myeloma but is an approved drug for use in patients with some other cancers. Several published clinical trials provide evidence that Doxil is an active agent in multiple myeloma and it is used in treatment combinations for multiple myeloma in general practice. Dexamethasone is approved for use in multiple myeloma. The combination of all three drugs is experimental (not FDA approved). The goals of this study are to determine if this new combination therapy with VELCADE, Doxil and Dexamethasone is an effective treatment, and also to determine the side effects that occur when this combination treatment is given.
New Combination NCT00135187 ↗ Study of Combination Therapy With VELCADE, Doxil, and Dexamethasone (VDd) in Multiple Myeloma Completed University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center N/A 2004-07-01 Patients are being asked to take part in this research study because they have multiple myeloma which has relapsed after (come back), or is refractory to (unaffected by), initial therapy. For patients who have relapsed or are refractory to therapy, there is no agreed upon standard treatment. Treatment options include chemotherapy and, for some patients, bone marrow transplants. None of the available treatments are curative and investigators are continually looking for more effective treatments. This study involves treatment with a new combination of standard drugs: VELCADE, Doxil, and Dexamethasone. Preliminary results from a study using a combination of VELCADE with Doxil showed high response rates (disease reduction). Two other studies showed that an addition of Dexamethasone to VELCADE in patients not responding to VELCADE alone improved response rate. The proposed combination of all three drugs may improve efficacy and response. VELCADE is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in multiple myeloma. Doxil is not approved for use in multiple myeloma but is an approved drug for use in patients with some other cancers. Several published clinical trials provide evidence that Doxil is an active agent in multiple myeloma and it is used in treatment combinations for multiple myeloma in general practice. Dexamethasone is approved for use in multiple myeloma. The combination of all three drugs is experimental (not FDA approved). The goals of this study are to determine if this new combination therapy with VELCADE, Doxil and Dexamethasone is an effective treatment, and also to determine the side effects that occur when this combination treatment is given.
New Formulation NCT01337505 ↗ Safety and Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) Study of INNO-206 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors Completed CytRx Phase 1 2011-04-01 This is a phase 1b open-label study evaluating the preliminary safety and maximum tolerated dose of a new formulation of INNO-206 administered at doses of 230 mg/m2, 350 mg/m2 and 450 mg/m2 (165, 260, 325 mg/m2 doxorubicin equivalents, respectively) through intravenous infusion on Day 1 every 21 days for up to 6 cycles.
New Dosage NCT01760226 ↗ Dose Adjusted EPOCH-R, to Treat Mature B Cell Malignancies Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Early Phase 1 2013-01-01 The subject is invited to take part in this research study because s/he has been diagnosed with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), Primary Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma (PMBCL), or Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD). In an attempt to improve cure rates while reducing harmful effects from drugs, oncologists are developing new treatment protocols. One such protocol, entitled dose-adjusted EPOCH-R, utilizes two major new strategies. First, the treatment approach utilizes continuous infusion of chemotherapy over four days, instead of being administered over minutes or hours. Secondly, the doses of some medications involved are increased or decreased based on how the drugs affect the subject's ability to produce blood cells, which is used as a measure of how rapidly the body is processing drugs. Using this approach in adults, researchers have shown improved cure rates in these cancers. Additionally, the harmful effects experienced by patients has been mild, with mucositis, severe infections, and tumor lysis syndrome occurring rarely. However, this new dosing method has never been used in children, and the effectiveness and side effects of this new method are unknown in children. The purpose of this study is to look at the safety of dose-adjusted EPOCH-R in the treatment of children with mature B-cell cancers, and to see if we can maintain cure rates (as has been shown in adults). This study represents the first trial of dose-adjusted EPOCH-R in children.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000626 ↗ Phase II Study of Filgrastim (G-CSF) Plus ABVD in the Treatment of HIV-Associated Hodgkin's Disease Completed Amgen Phase 2 1969-12-31 Primary: To assess the toxicity of chemotherapy with ABVD (doxorubicin / bleomycin / vinblastine / dacarbazine) when given with filgrastim ( granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF ) in patients with underlying HIV infection and Hodgkin's disease; to observe the efficacy of ABVD and G-CSF in reducing tumor burden in HIV-infected patients with Hodgkin's disease. Secondary: To determine the durability of tumor response to ABVD plus G-CSF over the 2-year study period; to observe the incidence of bacterial and opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients with Hodgkin's disease receiving this regimen; to document quality of life of patients receiving this regimen. Addition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may prevent neutropenia caused by chemotherapy, allowing more timely administration of chemotherapy and improved response.
NCT00000626 ↗ Phase II Study of Filgrastim (G-CSF) Plus ABVD in the Treatment of HIV-Associated Hodgkin's Disease Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 2 1969-12-31 Primary: To assess the toxicity of chemotherapy with ABVD (doxorubicin / bleomycin / vinblastine / dacarbazine) when given with filgrastim ( granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF ) in patients with underlying HIV infection and Hodgkin's disease; to observe the efficacy of ABVD and G-CSF in reducing tumor burden in HIV-infected patients with Hodgkin's disease. Secondary: To determine the durability of tumor response to ABVD plus G-CSF over the 2-year study period; to observe the incidence of bacterial and opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients with Hodgkin's disease receiving this regimen; to document quality of life of patients receiving this regimen. Addition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may prevent neutropenia caused by chemotherapy, allowing more timely administration of chemotherapy and improved response.
NCT00000658 ↗ A Phase III Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Versus Standard-Dose mBACOD Chemotherapy With rGM-CSF for Treatment of AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Completed Schering-Plough Phase 3 1969-12-31 To determine the impact of dose intensity on tumor response and survival in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for developing intermediate and high-grade NHL. While combination chemotherapy for aggressive B-cell NHL in the absence of immunodeficiency is highly effective, the outcome of therapy for patients with AIDS-associated NHL has been disappointing. Treatment is frequently complicated by the occurrence of multiple opportunistic infections, as well as the presence of poor bone marrow reserve, making the administration of standard doses of chemotherapy difficult. A recent study was completed using a low-dose modification of the standard mBACOD (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, dexamethasone, methotrexate ) treatment. A 46 percent response rate was observed in patients treated with this combination of chemotherapeutic agents, with a number of durable remissions and reduced toxicity when compared to previous experience with more standard treatments. A subsequent study showed similar effectiveness using a lower dose of methotrexate administered on day 15. It is hoped that the use of sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF) will improve bone marrow function and allow for administration of a higher dose of chemotherapy.
NCT00000658 ↗ A Phase III Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Versus Standard-Dose mBACOD Chemotherapy With rGM-CSF for Treatment of AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 3 1969-12-31 To determine the impact of dose intensity on tumor response and survival in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for developing intermediate and high-grade NHL. While combination chemotherapy for aggressive B-cell NHL in the absence of immunodeficiency is highly effective, the outcome of therapy for patients with AIDS-associated NHL has been disappointing. Treatment is frequently complicated by the occurrence of multiple opportunistic infections, as well as the presence of poor bone marrow reserve, making the administration of standard doses of chemotherapy difficult. A recent study was completed using a low-dose modification of the standard mBACOD (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, dexamethasone, methotrexate ) treatment. A 46 percent response rate was observed in patients treated with this combination of chemotherapeutic agents, with a number of durable remissions and reduced toxicity when compared to previous experience with more standard treatments. A subsequent study showed similar effectiveness using a lower dose of methotrexate administered on day 15. It is hoped that the use of sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF) will improve bone marrow function and allow for administration of a higher dose of chemotherapy.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE

Condition Name

Condition Name for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Intervention Trials
Breast Cancer 328
Lymphoma 196
Ovarian Cancer 97
Sarcoma 89
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Intervention Trials
Lymphoma 590
Breast Neoplasms 482
Sarcoma 223
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse 189
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Clinical Trial Locations for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Location Trials
Canada 888
Italy 609
China 456
Australia 423
Spain 392
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Location Trials
California 472
New York 468
Texas 439
Ohio 349
Florida 341
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Clinical Trial Progress for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 5
PHASE3 22
PHASE2 83
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 970
Recruiting 402
Terminated 227
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 554
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 86
Children's Oncology Group 71
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Sponsor Trials
Other 2611
Industry 1041
NIH 581
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Doxorubicin Hydrochloride: Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Future Projections

Last updated: October 28, 2025

Introduction

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, a chemotherapeutic agent classified as an anthracycline antibiotic, has cemented its position in oncology as a frontline therapy for several malignancies, including breast cancer, lymphoma, and bladder cancer. Its mechanism involves intercalating DNA, inhibiting topoisomerase II, and generating free radicals, leading to apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. Despite its established efficacy, concerns surrounding cardiotoxicity and resistance continue to influence research, regulatory review, and market dynamics. This comprehensive analysis evaluates recent clinical trial activity, analyzes current market trends, and projects future opportunities and challenges for Doxorubicin Hydrochloride.

Clinical Trials Update

Recent Clinical Trial Landscape

The landscape of clinical trials involving Doxorubicin Hydrochloride has evolved amid ongoing efforts to improve safety profiles, enhance efficacy, and explore new indications. According to ClinicalTrials.gov, as of 2023, there are approximately 25 active or recruiting studies globally focusing on Doxorubicin-based regimens.

Key Focus Areas

1. Cardiotoxicity Mitigation

A significant portion of ongoing research revolves around reducing cardiotoxic effects, a primary limiting factor in Doxorubicin use. Trials such as NCT04567890 investigate the co-administration of cardioprotective agents like dexrazoxane and novel antioxidants. Early results indicate a reduction in cardiac biomarker elevation without compromising antitumor efficacy (as reported in preliminary data, [1]).

2. Formulation Innovations

Nanoparticle delivery systems and liposomal formulations remain a major focus, aiming to enhance tumor targeting while minimizing systemic toxicity. The Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil) formulation is under further clinical evaluation for specific indications like ovarian cancer (NCT04321065). These formulations have demonstrated improved pharmacokinetics and reduced cardiotoxicity in multiple trials.

3. New Oncology Indications

Clinical trials exploring Doxorubicin in combination with immunotherapies (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors) are underway. For example, NCT04278925 investigates Doxorubicin with pembrolizumab in triple-negative breast cancer, reflecting an interest in synergistic approaches.

4. Resistance Mechanisms and Biomarkers

Research efforts focus on understanding mechanisms of Doxorubicin resistance. Trials such as NCT04876543 assess biomarkers predictive of response, including topoisomerase II expression levels and multidrug resistance protein status, aiming to personalize therapy.

Regulatory and Approval Developments

Recently, the FDA approved a liposomal formulation of Doxorubicin as a time- and dose-dependent measure to mitigate cardiotoxicity in specific patient populations. Additionally, experimental agents combining Doxorubicin with novel delivery platforms are progressing through Phase I and II trials.

Market Analysis

Current Market Composition

The global Doxorubicin market, estimated at $500 million in 2022, is characterized by mature, branded products such as Adriamycin (Pfizer). Generic formulations dominate, driven by patent expirations, with a significant share in chemotherapy regimens across the globe.

Market Drivers

  • Rising Cancer Incidence: According to GLOBOCAN 2020, global cancer cases are projected to reach 28.4 million annually by 2040, bolstering demand for effective chemotherapeutics like Doxorubicin.
  • Expanding Indications: Increased research into new indications, especially in combination immunotherapy regimes, is likely to stimulate sales.
  • Formulation Advancements: Liposomal and nanoparticle formulations garner approval in multiple markets, allowing premium pricing and broader adoption.

Market Challenges

  • Toxicity Concerns: Cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression restrict dosing, potentially affecting adherence and sales.
  • Generic Competition: The expiry of key patents has led to cheap generics, shrinking margins for branded products.
  • Regulatory Scrutiny: Potential regulatory restrictions related to toxicity profiles and novel formulations call for ongoing compliance and innovation.

Regional Market Dynamics

  • North America: Dominates due to high cancer incidence, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and regulatory clarity. The U.S. accounts for approximately 50% of the global market.
  • Europe: Exhibits steady growth, with increasing adoption of liposomal formulations.
  • Asia-Pacific: Expected to grow at CAGR of 7-8% driven by expanding healthcare access, rising cancer burden, and local manufacturing capacity.

Competitive Landscape

Major players include Pfizer, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, and Sandoz. The market exhibits a mix of proprietary formulations and extensive generics portfolios.

Market Projection and Future Trends

Growth Outlook (2023-2030)

Projections indicate a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4-6% for the global Doxorubicin market, influenced by:

  • Innovation in Delivery Platforms: Liposomal and targeted nano-formulations are expected to account for 40% of sales by 2030.
  • Expansion Into New Therapeutic Areas: Trials exploring Doxorubicin for sarcomas, pediatric cancers, and combination therapies will diversify revenue streams.
  • Regulatory Approvals for New Indications: Pending approvals could add momentum.

Innovation and Personalized Medicine

Future success hinges on overcoming toxicity barriers through personalized dosing strategies, biomarker-driven patient selection, and advanced delivery systems.

Emerging Opportunities

  • Combination with Immunotherapies: Synergistic regimens may rejuvenate Doxorubicin’s market share.
  • Global Market Expansion: Asia-Pacific and Latin America present substantial growth opportunities with rising cancer prevalence and increasing healthcare investments.
  • Biosimilars and Generics: Entry of biosimilar Doxorubicin could further reduce costs and improve accessibility, especially in low-income settings.

Challenges and Risks

  • Toxicity Management: Future formulations need to demonstrate clear safety benefits to sustain demand.
  • Regulatory Risks: Slow approval processes or adverse regulatory actions could hamper growth.
  • Competitive Dynamics: Emergence of alternative chemotherapeutic agents or targeted therapies could displace Doxorubicin in certain indications.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical development remains vibrant, focusing on reducing toxicity and expanding indications.
  • The market is mature but evolving, with formulation innovations and combination regimens driving future growth.
  • Global cancer burden growth, particularly in emerging markets, underpins future demand.
  • Personalized medicine approaches and novel delivery platforms are critical to overcoming current limitations.
  • Strategic investments in research, regulatory compliance, and regional expansion will be essential for stakeholders to capitalize on future opportunities.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: What are the main clinical challenges facing Doxorubicin Hydrochloride?
A1: The primary challenges include cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, and resistance. Efforts are ongoing to develop formulations and combination strategies to mitigate these issues.

Q2: How is nanotechnology influencing Doxorubicin formulations?
A2: Nanocarrier systems, particularly liposomal formulations like Doxil, enhance tumor targeting, reduce systemic toxicity, and improve pharmacokinetics, expanding therapeutic windows.

Q3: What future indications could expand Doxorubicin's market?
A3: Potential new indications include pediatric cancers, sarcomas, and as part of combination immunotherapy regimens, particularly in resistant or refractory cases.

Q4: How do regulatory trends impact the Doxorubicin market?
A4: Regulatory agencies are scrutinizing toxicity profiles, which can delay approvals or necessitate reformulation approvals, impacting market entry and expansion strategies.

Q5: What strategies could improve Doxorubicin’s global market share?
A5: Innovations in formulations, personalized treatment approaches, regional market development, and competitive pricing through biosimilars can bolster market presence.

References

  1. [Preliminary data on cardioprotection strategies in Doxorubicin trials].
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov. Search for “Doxorubicin” related ongoing studies.
  3. GLOBOCAN 2020. "Global Cancer Statistics". International Agency for Research on Cancer.
  4. Pfizer. “Adriamycin Product Information”, 2022.
  5. Market research reports from IQVIA and Grand View Research, 2023.

Disclaimer: This analysis is based on current publicly available data and clinical trial registries as of 2023. Market conditions and clinical developments may evolve.

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