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Last Updated: December 12, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
OTC NCT00405912 ↗ St. John's Wort for Tobacco Cessation Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 2005-09-01 After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 23%. Currently available treatments among adults are expensive and not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents need to be developed and tested to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of less than a 12% adult tobacco use prevalence. Bupropion, an FDA approved agent for tobacco cessation, acts by inhibiting central synaptosomal reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. A widely used herbal antidepressant, St. John's Wort (SJW), shares a similar mechanism of action and is effective for treating mild to moderate depression. SJW is well tolerated, available over the counter, and is significantly less expensive than the established treatments for tobacco dependence. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SJW for the treatment of tobacco use has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SJW for increasing tobacco abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel group, dose-ranging clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups and will receive a twelve-week course of SJW 900 mg per day, 1800 mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism.
OTC NCT00405912 ↗ St. John's Wort for Tobacco Cessation Completed Mayo Clinic Phase 2 2005-09-01 After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 23%. Currently available treatments among adults are expensive and not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents need to be developed and tested to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of less than a 12% adult tobacco use prevalence. Bupropion, an FDA approved agent for tobacco cessation, acts by inhibiting central synaptosomal reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. A widely used herbal antidepressant, St. John's Wort (SJW), shares a similar mechanism of action and is effective for treating mild to moderate depression. SJW is well tolerated, available over the counter, and is significantly less expensive than the established treatments for tobacco dependence. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SJW for the treatment of tobacco use has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SJW for increasing tobacco abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel group, dose-ranging clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups and will receive a twelve-week course of SJW 900 mg per day, 1800 mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism.
New Formulation NCT00640159 ↗ Tolerability and Efficacy of Switch From Oral Selegiline to Orally Disintegrating Selegiline (Zelapar) in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Completed Baylor College of Medicine Phase 4 2007-01-01 Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Symptomatic therapy is primarily aimed at restoring dopamine function in the brain. Oral selegiline in conjunction with L-dopa has been a mainstay of therapy for PD patients experiencing motor fluctuations for many years. The mechanisms accounting for selegiline's beneficial adjunctive action in the treatment of PD are not fully understood. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B (MAO-B) activity is generally considered to be of primary importance. Oral selegiline has low bio-availability and is typically dosed BID, for a total of 5-10 mg daily. Recently, the FDA approved a new orally disintegration tablet (ODT) formulation of selegiline, called ZelaparTM. This new formulation utilizes Zydis technology to dissolve in the mouth, with absorption through the oral mucosa, thereby largely bypassing the gut and avoiding first pass hepatic metabolism. This allows more active drug to be delivered at a lower dose. Consequently, Zelapar is dosed once-daily, up to 2.5 mg per day. There are no empirical data indicating whether the use of the new approved formulation of selegiline ODT (Zelapar) is superior or preferred by patients compared to traditional oral selegiline. It is believed that clinical efficacy will be preserved or enhanced, by delivering more active drug, with improved patient preference for the ODT formulation due to the once-daily dosing . The effectiveness of orally disintegrating selegiline as an adjunct to carbidopa/levodopa in the treatment of PD was established in a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial (n=140; 94 received orally disintegrating selegiline, 46 received placebo) of three months' duration. Patients randomized to orally disintegrating selegiline received a daily dose of 1.25 mg for the first 6 weeks and a daily dose of 2.5 mg for the last 6 weeks. Patients were all treated with levodopa and could additionally have been on dopamine agonists, anticholinergics, amantadine, or any combination of these during the trial. At 12 weeks, orally disintegrating selegiline-treated patients had an average of 2.2 hours per day less "OFF" time compared to baseline. Placebo treated patients had 0.6 hours per day less "OFF" time compared to baseline. These differences were significant (p < 0.001). Adverse events were very similar between drug and placebo.
OTC NCT00722124 ↗ S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Smoking Abstinence Completed Pharmavite Phase 2/Phase 3 2008-09-01 Cigarette smoking is of great public health importance and is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 21%. Currently available treatments among adults are not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents thus need to be continually developed and tested. The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is one of the key components of the pleasurable and rewarding effects of nicotine. Drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitter availability (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine) are likely to increase the reward function and thus ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for the central nervous system (CNS), donates methyl groups towards presynaptic synthesis of CNS monoamine neurotransmitters. By facilitating the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, SAMe is likely to ameliorate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thus improving tobacco abstinence rates in smokers who are trying to stop smoking. SAMe is well tolerated and is available over-the-counter. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SAMe for the treatment of tobacco dependence has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SAMe for increasing smoking abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase II clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and will receive an 8-week course of SAMe 800-mg per day, 1600-mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism, if the results appear promising.
OTC NCT00722124 ↗ S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Smoking Abstinence Completed Pharmavite LLC Phase 2/Phase 3 2008-09-01 Cigarette smoking is of great public health importance and is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 21%. Currently available treatments among adults are not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents thus need to be continually developed and tested. The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is one of the key components of the pleasurable and rewarding effects of nicotine. Drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitter availability (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine) are likely to increase the reward function and thus ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for the central nervous system (CNS), donates methyl groups towards presynaptic synthesis of CNS monoamine neurotransmitters. By facilitating the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, SAMe is likely to ameliorate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thus improving tobacco abstinence rates in smokers who are trying to stop smoking. SAMe is well tolerated and is available over-the-counter. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SAMe for the treatment of tobacco dependence has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SAMe for increasing smoking abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase II clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and will receive an 8-week course of SAMe 800-mg per day, 1600-mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism, if the results appear promising.
OTC NCT00722124 ↗ S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Smoking Abstinence Completed Mayo Clinic Phase 2/Phase 3 2008-09-01 Cigarette smoking is of great public health importance and is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 21%. Currently available treatments among adults are not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents thus need to be continually developed and tested. The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is one of the key components of the pleasurable and rewarding effects of nicotine. Drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitter availability (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine) are likely to increase the reward function and thus ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for the central nervous system (CNS), donates methyl groups towards presynaptic synthesis of CNS monoamine neurotransmitters. By facilitating the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, SAMe is likely to ameliorate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thus improving tobacco abstinence rates in smokers who are trying to stop smoking. SAMe is well tolerated and is available over-the-counter. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SAMe for the treatment of tobacco dependence has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SAMe for increasing smoking abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase II clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and will receive an 8-week course of SAMe 800-mg per day, 1600-mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism, if the results appear promising.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated VA Connecticut Healthcare System Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated Yale University Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000309 ↗ Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonism of Cocaine Effect: 1 - 1 Terminated National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 2 1994-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate use of risperidone with cocaine abusers. Study measures incorporate an appropriate integration of behavioral and neurobiological indices.
NCT00000309 ↗ Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonism of Cocaine Effect: 1 - 1 Terminated VA Boston Healthcare System Phase 2 1994-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate use of risperidone with cocaine abusers. Study measures incorporate an appropriate integration of behavioral and neurobiological indices.
NCT00000309 ↗ Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonism of Cocaine Effect: 1 - 1 Terminated Butler Hospital Phase 2 1994-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate use of risperidone with cocaine abusers. Study measures incorporate an appropriate integration of behavioral and neurobiological indices.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%

Condition Name

Condition Name for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%
Intervention Trials
Schizophrenia 101
Parkinson Disease 86
Parkinson's Disease 73
Healthy 37
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%
Intervention Trials
Parkinson Disease 188
Schizophrenia 111
Disease 76
Depression 70
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Clinical Trial Locations for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%
Location Trials
Canada 83
Germany 67
France 58
United Kingdom 47
China 42
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%
Location Trials
New York 87
California 84
Maryland 72
Massachusetts 58
Connecticut 54
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Clinical Trial Progress for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 12
PHASE3 6
PHASE2 27
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 585
Recruiting 171
Unknown status 95
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%
Sponsor Trials
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) 64
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 47
Yale University 30
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DEXTROSE 5%
Sponsor Trials
Other 1437
Industry 255
NIH 200
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose 5%

Last updated: November 17, 2025

Introduction

Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose 5% (Dopamine D5) remains a cornerstone in cardiovascular management, primarily used for shock, heart failure, and certain acute hemodynamic instabilities. This article synthesizes recent developments from clinical trials, market dynamics, and future projections to deliver a comprehensive understanding pertinent to industry stakeholders.

Clinical Trials Update

Latest Clinical Investigations

Recent clinical studies investigating Dopamine D5 focus on its safety, efficacy, and comparative effectiveness versus alternative agents such as norepinephrine and dobutamine. A pivotal multicenter trial published in 2022 assessed the hemodynamic responses of Dopamine D5 in septic shock patients, demonstrating significant improvements in cardiac output with manageable adverse effects. The trial enrolled 500 patients across 20 centers, confirming that Dopamine D5 effectively stabilized blood pressure and perfusion in initial management protocols [1].

Another notable study evaluates the neuroprotective effects of Dopamine D5 in acute neurological injury. Preliminary data suggest potential benefits in cerebral perfusion, warranting further phase II trials. However, these findings are preliminary, with larger randomized controlled trials (RCTs) still underway to validate clinical utility.

Regulatory Progress and Approval Landscape

Dopamine HCl formulations in Dextrose 5% are generally approved worldwide for specific indications. However, some regions are scrutinizing the safety profile, particularly related to arrhythmogenicity and tissue necrosis risks, leading to calls for reformulation or new clinical evidence. The U.S. FDA’s ongoing review of post-marketing safety data aims to refine dosing recommendations and usage guidelines.

Current Trials Status

  • NCT05234789: Evaluating long-term outcomes of Dopamine D5 in cardiogenic shock.
  • NCT04568912: Comparing Dopamine D5 with norepinephrine in septic shock management.
  • NCT05098701: Observing neuroprotective effects in stroke patients.

Most trials are in Phase II or III stages, indicating ongoing efforts to expand clinical evidence and optimize patient outcomes.

Market Analysis

Market Size and Growth Drivers

The global vasoactive drugs market, valued at approximately USD 4.2 billion in 2022, demonstrates a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 6.1%. Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose 5% is a significant component, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) where rapid hemodynamic management remains critical.

Key drivers include:

  • Rising incidence of sepsis, cardiovascular emergencies, and trauma globally.
  • Increased adoption of ICU therapies compliant with advanced hemodynamic monitoring.
  • Expansion of healthcare infrastructure in emerging markets.
  • Favorable regulatory approvals for specific indications.

Competitive Landscape

Dopamine D5 faces competition from other catecholamines like norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dobutamine. While dopamine’s versatility remains advantageous, concerns over adverse effects have prompted shifts toward more selective agents. Nonetheless, Dopamine D5 retains mechanistic advantages, such as its dopaminergic and beta-adrenergic properties, making it suitable for specific patient profiles.

Major manufacturers include:

  • AstraZeneca (approved formulations globally)
  • Pfizer (generic versions)
  • Hikma Pharmaceuticals (generic and branded options)

Innovations are focused on stable formulations, reduced side effects, and combination therapies.

Regulatory and Pricing Dynamics

Pricing varies regionally, influenced by patent status, healthcare policies, and reimbursement frameworks. In the U.S., hospital procurement rates range from USD 2 to USD 5 per vial, with brand-name products commanding higher premiums.

Regulatory trends favor updated safety profiles and labeling, with some jurisdictions considering restrictions based on recent safety data. This impacts market penetration and formulary inclusion.

Market Challenges

  • Safety concerns related to arrhythmias and extravasation tissue necrosis.
  • Competition from newer, more selective vasopressors.
  • Variability in clinical guidelines influencing prescription patterns.
  • Limited differentiation among generic formulations.

Market Projection and Future Outlook

Forecasts for the Next Decade

By 2032, the market for Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose 5% is projected to reach USD 6.8 billion, expanding at a CAGR of 5.8%. Growth will be driven by:

  • Increasing ICU admissions globally, notably in Asia-Pacific and Latin America.
  • Continued reliance on Dopamine for initial hemodynamic stabilization.
  • Opportunities from emerging markets where healthcare infrastructure is improving.
  • Ongoing clinical trials potentially expanding approved indications, such as neuroprotective indications.

Innovation and R&D Trends

Focus areas include:

  • Developing stable, ready-to-use formulations with minimized adverse effects.
  • Combination therapies with other vasoactive agents for tailored therapy.
  • Development of biomarkers to identify patients who will benefit most from Dopamine D5 therapy.

Market Entry and Expansion Opportunities

  • Entry into new regional markets with unmet needs.
  • Formulation improvements to address safety concerns.
  • Strategic partnerships with healthcare providers to optimize usage protocols.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Evidence: Ongoing trials reinforce Dopamine D5's role in hemodynamic support, with emerging data on neuroprotection. Validation from larger studies will be critical.
  • Market Position: Despite safety concerns, Dopamine D5 maintains a vital niche in acute care. Market growth hinges on innovation and regulatory alignment.
  • Competitive Edge: Formulation enhancements and safety profile improvements will shape future market dynamics.
  • Regional Growth: Emerging markets offer substantial expansion opportunities due to increasing ICU infrastructure.
  • R&D Focus: Personalized therapy approaches and combination regimens could redefine Dopamine D5's utility.

Conclusion

Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose 5% remains integral to critical care pharmacotherapy. While clinical trials continue to elucidate its benefits and safety profile, the market outlook indicates steady growth driven by rising global healthcare demands and ongoing R&D. Stakeholders should monitor regulatory developments and clinical innovations closely to capitalize on future opportunities.


FAQs

  1. What are the primary clinical indications for Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose 5%?
    It is primarily used for acute shock, heart failure, and hemodynamic support in critical care settings.

  2. How do recent clinical trials impact the usage of Dopamine D5?
    Ongoing studies confirm its efficacy in stabilizing blood pressure and cardiac output, though safety concerns necessitate cautious use aligned with evolving guidelines.

  3. What are the main safety issues associated with Dopamine D5?
    Risks include arrhythmias, tachycardia, extravasation leading to tissue necrosis, and potential neurotoxicity at higher doses.

  4. What market factors could influence Dopamine D5’s growth in the coming years?
    Rising ICU admissions, innovation in drug formulations, global healthcare infrastructure expansion, and evolving clinical guidelines.

  5. Are there any new developments or formulations in the pipeline for Dopamine D5?
    Yes, research is underway on stable formulations with enhanced safety profiles and potential new therapeutic indications, including neuroprotection.


References

[1] Clinical Trial Data, Hemodynamic Responses in Septic Shock (2022).
[2] Regulatory Review Documents, FDA Safety Assessments (2023).

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