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Last Updated: December 12, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
OTC NCT00405912 ↗ St. John's Wort for Tobacco Cessation Completed National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 2 2005-09-01 After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 23%. Currently available treatments among adults are expensive and not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents need to be developed and tested to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of less than a 12% adult tobacco use prevalence. Bupropion, an FDA approved agent for tobacco cessation, acts by inhibiting central synaptosomal reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. A widely used herbal antidepressant, St. John's Wort (SJW), shares a similar mechanism of action and is effective for treating mild to moderate depression. SJW is well tolerated, available over the counter, and is significantly less expensive than the established treatments for tobacco dependence. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SJW for the treatment of tobacco use has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SJW for increasing tobacco abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel group, dose-ranging clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups and will receive a twelve-week course of SJW 900 mg per day, 1800 mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism.
OTC NCT00405912 ↗ St. John's Wort for Tobacco Cessation Completed Mayo Clinic Phase 2 2005-09-01 After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 23%. Currently available treatments among adults are expensive and not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents need to be developed and tested to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of less than a 12% adult tobacco use prevalence. Bupropion, an FDA approved agent for tobacco cessation, acts by inhibiting central synaptosomal reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. A widely used herbal antidepressant, St. John's Wort (SJW), shares a similar mechanism of action and is effective for treating mild to moderate depression. SJW is well tolerated, available over the counter, and is significantly less expensive than the established treatments for tobacco dependence. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SJW for the treatment of tobacco use has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SJW for increasing tobacco abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel group, dose-ranging clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups and will receive a twelve-week course of SJW 900 mg per day, 1800 mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism.
New Formulation NCT00640159 ↗ Tolerability and Efficacy of Switch From Oral Selegiline to Orally Disintegrating Selegiline (Zelapar) in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Completed Baylor College of Medicine Phase 4 2007-01-01 Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Symptomatic therapy is primarily aimed at restoring dopamine function in the brain. Oral selegiline in conjunction with L-dopa has been a mainstay of therapy for PD patients experiencing motor fluctuations for many years. The mechanisms accounting for selegiline's beneficial adjunctive action in the treatment of PD are not fully understood. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B (MAO-B) activity is generally considered to be of primary importance. Oral selegiline has low bio-availability and is typically dosed BID, for a total of 5-10 mg daily. Recently, the FDA approved a new orally disintegration tablet (ODT) formulation of selegiline, called ZelaparTM. This new formulation utilizes Zydis technology to dissolve in the mouth, with absorption through the oral mucosa, thereby largely bypassing the gut and avoiding first pass hepatic metabolism. This allows more active drug to be delivered at a lower dose. Consequently, Zelapar is dosed once-daily, up to 2.5 mg per day. There are no empirical data indicating whether the use of the new approved formulation of selegiline ODT (Zelapar) is superior or preferred by patients compared to traditional oral selegiline. It is believed that clinical efficacy will be preserved or enhanced, by delivering more active drug, with improved patient preference for the ODT formulation due to the once-daily dosing . The effectiveness of orally disintegrating selegiline as an adjunct to carbidopa/levodopa in the treatment of PD was established in a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial (n=140; 94 received orally disintegrating selegiline, 46 received placebo) of three months' duration. Patients randomized to orally disintegrating selegiline received a daily dose of 1.25 mg for the first 6 weeks and a daily dose of 2.5 mg for the last 6 weeks. Patients were all treated with levodopa and could additionally have been on dopamine agonists, anticholinergics, amantadine, or any combination of these during the trial. At 12 weeks, orally disintegrating selegiline-treated patients had an average of 2.2 hours per day less "OFF" time compared to baseline. Placebo treated patients had 0.6 hours per day less "OFF" time compared to baseline. These differences were significant (p < 0.001). Adverse events were very similar between drug and placebo.
OTC NCT00722124 ↗ S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Smoking Abstinence Completed Pharmavite Phase 2/Phase 3 2008-09-01 Cigarette smoking is of great public health importance and is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 21%. Currently available treatments among adults are not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents thus need to be continually developed and tested. The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is one of the key components of the pleasurable and rewarding effects of nicotine. Drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitter availability (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine) are likely to increase the reward function and thus ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for the central nervous system (CNS), donates methyl groups towards presynaptic synthesis of CNS monoamine neurotransmitters. By facilitating the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, SAMe is likely to ameliorate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thus improving tobacco abstinence rates in smokers who are trying to stop smoking. SAMe is well tolerated and is available over-the-counter. To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SAMe for the treatment of tobacco dependence has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SAMe for increasing smoking abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase II clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and will receive an 8-week course of SAMe 800-mg per day, 1600-mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism, if the results appear promising.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated VA Connecticut Healthcare System Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000276 ↗ Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors of Cocaine Abuse - 1 Terminated Yale University Phase 1 1994-09-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate dopamine reuptake inhibitors for cocaine abuse.
NCT00000309 ↗ Serotonin/Dopamine Antagonism of Cocaine Effect: 1 - 1 Terminated National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Phase 2 1994-08-01 The purpose of this study is to evaluate use of risperidone with cocaine abusers. Study measures incorporate an appropriate integration of behavioral and neurobiological indices.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Condition Name

Condition Name for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Intervention Trials
Schizophrenia 101
Parkinson Disease 83
Parkinson's Disease 73
Healthy 37
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Intervention Trials
Parkinson Disease 185
Schizophrenia 110
Disease 76
Depression 70
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Clinical Trial Locations for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Location Trials
Canada 83
Germany 67
France 58
United Kingdom 47
China 42
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Location Trials
New York 87
California 84
Maryland 72
Massachusetts 58
Connecticut 54
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Clinical Trial Progress for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 11
PHASE3 6
PHASE2 25
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 585
Recruiting 170
Unknown status 95
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Sponsor Trials
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) 64
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 47
Yale University 30
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Sponsor Trials
Other 1432
Industry 255
NIH 200
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Dopamine Hydrochloride

Last updated: October 28, 2025

Introduction

Dopamine Hydrochloride, a critical pharmaceutical agent, functions principally as a sympathomimetic amine and neurotransmitter. Its therapeutic application spans cardiovascular shock management, acute heart failure, and certain neurological conditions. As a synthetic catecholamine, its role in clinical medicine remains vital. With ongoing developments in drug delivery systems, regulatory landscapes, and unmet medical needs, a current analysis of Dopamine Hydrochloride’s clinical trials, market landscape, and future projections warrants comprehensive review.

Clinical Trials Update

Current Status and Ongoing Studies

Dopamine Hydrochloride remains under clinical investigation predominantly for acute cardiovascular indications. Although historically standard in hospital protocols, recent trials focus on optimizing dosing, exploring alternative delivery methods, and evaluating safety profiles in specific patient populations such as neonates and the elderly.

As of 2023, several Phase II and Phase III trials are ongoing or completed, emphasizing the following areas:

  • Neonatal Shock and Cardiac Support: A pivotal trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of continuous infusion of Dopamine in neonates with septic shock. Results indicated favorable hemodynamic stabilization with minimal adverse effects, promoting further investigation into tailored dosing protocols.

  • Chronic Heart Failure: Emerging trials are assessing the role of low-dose Dopamine as adjunct therapy to improve cardiac output in heart failure patients unresponsive to conventional treatments, though these remain at early stages.

  • Delivery System Innovations: Studies exploring liposomal encapsulation and controlled-release formulations aim to enhance bioavailability and reduce peak-related adverse effects. These endeavors could expand clinical use beyond acute settings.

Regulatory and Post-Marketing Surveillance

Regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EMA continue to monitor post-marketing safety data, especially given concerns over arrhythmogenic potential and tissue ischemia at high doses. Recently, surveillance has prompted revisions in dosing guidelines and usage protocols, emphasizing the need for precise titration and patient monitoring.

Research Gaps

Despite extensive clinical history, research gaps include:

  • Limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Dopamine Hydrochloride with newer inotropes like levosimendan.
  • Insufficient data on long-term outcomes post-Dopamine administration.
  • Need for alternative formulations to mitigate adverse effects and improve pharmacokinetics.

Market Analysis

Market Size and Dynamics

The global market for Dopamine Hydrochloride was valued at approximately USD 300 million in 2022, with an expected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% through 2030. The growth drivers include:

  • The persistent demand for inotropic agents in ICU and emergency settings.
  • Increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and sepsis.
  • Expanding hospital infrastructure in emerging markets.

Key Regional Markets

  • North America: Dominates with over 40% market share, driven by high healthcare expenditure, advanced ICU facilities, and well-established clinical use.
  • Europe: The second-largest market, with adoption influenced by stringent regulatory standards and growing awareness of early intervention in shock management.
  • Asia-Pacific: Poised for rapid growth due to expanding hospital infrastructure, rising disease burden, and increased healthcare investments, especially in China and India.

Market Challenges

  • Generics and Price Competition: With the patent expiration of some formulations, the market faces generic competition, exerting downward pressure on prices.
  • Regulatory Scrutiny: Post-marketing safety concerns necessitate ongoing compliance costs and could impact market acceptance.
  • Alternative Therapies: The advent of newer inotropes and vasopressors with better safety profiles could reduce Dopamine Hydrochloride’s market share.

Competitive Landscape

Major pharmaceutical players include Pfizer, Novartis, and Fresenius Kabi, predominantly offering generic formulations. The market is characterized by a shift toward combination therapies and innovative delivery mechanisms, although proprietary formulations remain limited.

Market Projections

Future Trends and Opportunities

  • Pharmaceutical Innovation: Development of sustained-release formulations and targeted delivery methods offers potential for expanding indications and improving safety.
  • Personalized Medicine: Precision titration protocols, supported by diagnostic tools and biomarkers, can optimize dosing strategies.
  • Regulatory Evolution: Streamlined approval pathways for reformulated products may promote market expansion.

Forecasted Growth

The Dopamine Hydrochloride market is expected to reach USD 440 million by 2030, driven by increased clinical adoption, especially in emerging markets. Deployment within critical care protocols and neonatal indications will remain primary growth areas.

Potential Disruptors

  • Introduction of novel sympathomimetics with improved safety profiles.
  • Technological advancements in biomonitoring and drug delivery.
  • Regulatory shifts emphasizing safety, potentially constraining usage without demonstrated clear benefit.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical trials for Dopamine Hydrochloride are focused on optimizing safety, delivery methods, and expanding indications, with ongoing research in neonatal and chronic heart failure populations.
  • The global market remains sizable but faces competition from newer agents and generics, with growth driven by unmet needs in critical care.
  • Innovations in formulation and personalized dosing present opportunities for market expansion, particularly in emerging economies.
  • Safety concerns and regulatory scrutiny are key factors influencing future adoption, emphasizing the importance of robust post-marketing surveillance.
  • Strategic collaborations and R&D investments into novel delivery systems are vital for sustaining competitive advantage.

FAQs

1. What are the primary approved indications for Dopamine Hydrochloride?
Dopamine Hydrochloride is primarily approved for managing shock, acute heart failure, and low cardiac output states in hospital settings.

2. Are there significant safety concerns associated with Dopamine Hydrochloride?
Yes, high-dose usage can lead to arrhythmias, tissue ischemia, and hypotension. Safety is closely monitored, and dosing protocols are emphasized to mitigate adverse effects.

3. How does Dopamine Hydrochloride compare to newer inotropes?
While effective for immediate hemodynamic support, newer agents such as levosimendan offer advantages like reduced arrhythmogenic risk and longer duration of action, often positioning them as preferred options in specific contexts.

4. What are the prospects for innovative formulations?
Encapsulated or controlled-release formulations could improve safety and convenience, providing opportunities for broader use, especially outside immediate ICU settings.

5. How are regulatory bodies influencing Dopamine Hydrochloride’s market?
Regulators emphasize safety and efficacy, prompting updates in usage guidelines and post-marketing surveillance, which can influence prescribing practices and market access.


Sources:

[1] Global Market Insights. "Inotropic Agents Market Size & Trends." 2023.
[2] FDA & EMA Regulatory Updates. "Post-Marketing Safety Surveillance of Inotropic Drugs." 2022.
[3] ClinicalTrials.gov. "Dopamine Studies in Neonatal Shock and Heart Failure." Accessed 2023.
[4] MarketWatch. "Pharmaceutical Market Data Forecast 2023-2030." 2023.

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