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Last Updated: May 16, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR CYSTEINE HYDROCHLORIDE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for Cysteine Hydrochloride

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
OTC NCT01188096 ↗ A Trial of Poly-ICLC in the Management of Recurrent Pediatric Low Grade Gliomas Completed Emory University Phase 2 2010-08-01 This study is for patients up to 21 years of age who have a tumor called a low grade glioma of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The tumor has grown despite attempts to control it with chemotherapy or radiation. Low grade gliomas are a group of tumors that tend to grow slowly and could be cured if every bit of the tumor were surgically removed. These tumors are called Grade I or II astrocytomas. These tumors often grow in parts of the brain that prevent total removal without devastating neurologic complications or death. Although some low grade gliomas never grow, most will and are treated with either chemotherapy or radiation. There is good data showing that the growth of most low grade gliomas can be controlled with chemotherapy or radiation. However, some low grade gliomas in children and young adults grow despite these treatments. Poly-ICLC is a new drug that has been used safely in children and adults with different types of brain tumors. Earlier studies showed that this drug worked better for children and young adults with low grade gliomas than for children with more aggressive brain tumors. The main purpose of this study is to use Poly-ICLC treatment in a larger number of patients to see how well it works and how many side effects occur. As Poly-ICLC is not FDA approved, this study is authorized to use it under IND# 43984, held by Oncovir. Subjects will get injections of Poly-ICLC into muscle two times weekly. The first treatments will be given in the clinic so allergic or other severe reactions, if any, can be monitored. If subjects tolerate the injections and don't have a severe reaction, then the rest of the injections will be given at home. Subjects/caregivers will be trained to give injections. Treatment will last for about 2 years. Subjects may stay on treatment for longer than 2 years if their tumor shrinks in response to the injections, if study doctors think it is safe, if subjects want to remain on treatment, and if Poly-ICLC is available. Risks: Poly-ICLC has been used safely in children and adults at the dose used in this study, and at higher doses. Frequently seen side effects include irritation of the skin at the injection site and mild flu-like symptoms. These are usually relieved or avoided by use of over-the-counter medicines like acetaminophen (Tylenol). Funding Source: FDA OOPD
OTC NCT01188096 ↗ A Trial of Poly-ICLC in the Management of Recurrent Pediatric Low Grade Gliomas Completed Donald Durden Phase 2 2010-08-01 This study is for patients up to 21 years of age who have a tumor called a low grade glioma of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The tumor has grown despite attempts to control it with chemotherapy or radiation. Low grade gliomas are a group of tumors that tend to grow slowly and could be cured if every bit of the tumor were surgically removed. These tumors are called Grade I or II astrocytomas. These tumors often grow in parts of the brain that prevent total removal without devastating neurologic complications or death. Although some low grade gliomas never grow, most will and are treated with either chemotherapy or radiation. There is good data showing that the growth of most low grade gliomas can be controlled with chemotherapy or radiation. However, some low grade gliomas in children and young adults grow despite these treatments. Poly-ICLC is a new drug that has been used safely in children and adults with different types of brain tumors. Earlier studies showed that this drug worked better for children and young adults with low grade gliomas than for children with more aggressive brain tumors. The main purpose of this study is to use Poly-ICLC treatment in a larger number of patients to see how well it works and how many side effects occur. As Poly-ICLC is not FDA approved, this study is authorized to use it under IND# 43984, held by Oncovir. Subjects will get injections of Poly-ICLC into muscle two times weekly. The first treatments will be given in the clinic so allergic or other severe reactions, if any, can be monitored. If subjects tolerate the injections and don't have a severe reaction, then the rest of the injections will be given at home. Subjects/caregivers will be trained to give injections. Treatment will last for about 2 years. Subjects may stay on treatment for longer than 2 years if their tumor shrinks in response to the injections, if study doctors think it is safe, if subjects want to remain on treatment, and if Poly-ICLC is available. Risks: Poly-ICLC has been used safely in children and adults at the dose used in this study, and at higher doses. Frequently seen side effects include irritation of the skin at the injection site and mild flu-like symptoms. These are usually relieved or avoided by use of over-the-counter medicines like acetaminophen (Tylenol). Funding Source: FDA OOPD
OTC NCT01188096 ↗ A Trial of Poly-ICLC in the Management of Recurrent Pediatric Low Grade Gliomas Completed Donald Durden, M.D. Phase 2 2010-08-01 This study is for patients up to 21 years of age who have a tumor called a low grade glioma of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The tumor has grown despite attempts to control it with chemotherapy or radiation. Low grade gliomas are a group of tumors that tend to grow slowly and could be cured if every bit of the tumor were surgically removed. These tumors are called Grade I or II astrocytomas. These tumors often grow in parts of the brain that prevent total removal without devastating neurologic complications or death. Although some low grade gliomas never grow, most will and are treated with either chemotherapy or radiation. There is good data showing that the growth of most low grade gliomas can be controlled with chemotherapy or radiation. However, some low grade gliomas in children and young adults grow despite these treatments. Poly-ICLC is a new drug that has been used safely in children and adults with different types of brain tumors. Earlier studies showed that this drug worked better for children and young adults with low grade gliomas than for children with more aggressive brain tumors. The main purpose of this study is to use Poly-ICLC treatment in a larger number of patients to see how well it works and how many side effects occur. As Poly-ICLC is not FDA approved, this study is authorized to use it under IND# 43984, held by Oncovir. Subjects will get injections of Poly-ICLC into muscle two times weekly. The first treatments will be given in the clinic so allergic or other severe reactions, if any, can be monitored. If subjects tolerate the injections and don't have a severe reaction, then the rest of the injections will be given at home. Subjects/caregivers will be trained to give injections. Treatment will last for about 2 years. Subjects may stay on treatment for longer than 2 years if their tumor shrinks in response to the injections, if study doctors think it is safe, if subjects want to remain on treatment, and if Poly-ICLC is available. Risks: Poly-ICLC has been used safely in children and adults at the dose used in this study, and at higher doses. Frequently seen side effects include irritation of the skin at the injection site and mild flu-like symptoms. These are usually relieved or avoided by use of over-the-counter medicines like acetaminophen (Tylenol). Funding Source: FDA OOPD
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for Cysteine Hydrochloride

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000925 ↗ A Study to Evaluate High Protein Supplementation in HIV-Positive Patients With Stable Weight Loss Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 2 1999-05-01 The purpose of this study is to determine whether a high-quality protein food supplement will help HIV-positive patients maintain, and possibly gain, muscle mass. Many HIV-positive patients lose weight that they are then unable to regain. This may be because patients are not eating enough protein or are not eating the right kinds of protein. The protein eaten in foods (such as meat, eggs, or beans) may not be able to make up for the amount of protein lost due to HIV infection. This study gives patients high-quality protein food supplements to help them maintain and/or gain weight.
NCT00004831 ↗ Study of Cysteine Hydrochloride for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria Completed St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center N/A 1996-10-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the efficacy of cysteine hydrochloride in preventing or decreasing photosensitivity in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
NCT00004831 ↗ Study of Cysteine Hydrochloride for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria Completed FDA Office of Orphan Products Development N/A 1996-10-01 OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the efficacy of cysteine hydrochloride in preventing or decreasing photosensitivity in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for Cysteine Hydrochloride

Condition Name

Condition Name for Cysteine Hydrochloride
Intervention Trials
Oxidative Stress 7
COVID-19 5
Bipolar Disorder 4
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for Cysteine Hydrochloride
Intervention Trials
Kidney Diseases 13
Diabetes Mellitus 8
Carcinoma 7
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Clinical Trial Locations for Cysteine Hydrochloride

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for Cysteine Hydrochloride
Location Trials
United States 279
China 15
Egypt 15
Australia 12
France 10
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for Cysteine Hydrochloride
Location Trials
California 21
New York 16
Illinois 13
Florida 13
Ohio 12
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Clinical Trial Progress for Cysteine Hydrochloride

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for Cysteine Hydrochloride
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 38
Phase 3 32
Phase 2/Phase 3 6
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for Cysteine Hydrochloride
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 125
Not yet recruiting 32
Unknown status 28
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for Cysteine Hydrochloride

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for Cysteine Hydrochloride
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 14
Ain Shams University 9
University of Chicago 6
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for Cysteine Hydrochloride
Sponsor Trials
Other 306
Industry 48
NIH 33
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Cysteine Hydrochloride: Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Projections

Introduction to Cysteine Hydrochloride

Cysteine hydrochloride is a crucial amino acid used in various medical and industrial applications. It is particularly important in the treatment of neonatal patients requiring total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and has seen significant growth in demand across multiple industries.

Clinical Trials and Approvals

FDA Approval for Nouress™ (AV001)

In December 2019, Avadel Pharmaceuticals received FDA approval for Nouress™ (AV001), a cysteine hydrochloride injection designed for treating neonate patients who require TPN. This approval was a significant milestone, addressing a critical need for an intravenous source of cysteine in pediatric care[1].

Clinical Studies and Efficacy

Clinical studies have highlighted the essential role of cysteine in protein synthesis and growth, especially in patients dependent on parenteral nutrition. However, there have been challenges in establishing the exact daily nutritional requirements and optimal dosing due to a lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials. Despite these limitations, the general acceptance of cysteine's importance in amino acid metabolism and its historical use support its effectiveness[3].

Ongoing Clinical Trials and Development

Nacuity Pharmaceuticals' Programs

While not directly focused on cysteine hydrochloride, Nacuity Pharmaceuticals is involved in related research, particularly in the treatment of cystinosis. Their work includes Phase 1/2 clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of novel treatments, which could have implications for the broader understanding of cysteine and its derivatives in medical treatments[4].

Market Analysis

Global Market Size and Growth

The global cysteine and its hydrochloride market has experienced rapid growth and is projected to continue this trend. As of 2023, the market size was valued at USD 145.15 million and is expected to reach USD 460.78 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.19% from 2024 to 2030[5].

Market Drivers

Several factors are driving the growth of the cysteine market:

  • Growing Demand in Food and Beverage Industry: Cysteine is widely used as a dough conditioner, flavor enhancer, and processing aid in various food and beverage products.
  • Growing Demand in Pharmaceuticals: Its use as a therapeutic agent and precursor for medication production is increasing.
  • Growing Use in Personal Care Treatments: Cysteine's antioxidant properties make it valuable in hair care, skin creams, and anti-aging treatments.
  • Growing Uses in Animal Feed: It is incorporated into animal feed formulations to promote health, growth, and feed efficiency.
  • Technological Developments in Production Methods: Innovations such as enzymatic synthesis and microbial fermentation are making cysteine production more effective and affordable.
  • Health & Wellness Trends: Increasing consumer awareness of cysteine's health benefits, including its role in liver function and detoxification, is driving demand for dietary supplements.
  • Regulation Support and Compliance: Strict laws favoring the use of safe and natural ingredients in food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products are enhancing market prospects[5].

Market Segmentation

The market is segmented based on type (L-Cysteine, L-Cysteine Hydrochloride) and application (Food, Pharmaceutical Industry, Cosmetics Industry, Animal Feed, Beverage). Geographical regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa are also key segments[2].

Patent and Intellectual Property

Avadel Pharmaceuticals' Patent

The USPTO issued a patent (US Patent No. 10,493,051) covering cysteine solutions, including the approved Nouress product. This patent is listed in the Orange Book and is set to expire in March 2039, providing Avadel with significant intellectual property protection for their product[1].

Competitive Scenario

The cysteine market is competitive, with several players involved in the production and distribution of cysteine and its hydrochloride. Companies like Avadel Pharmaceuticals are at the forefront, with approved products and ongoing research and development activities. The market is also influenced by regulatory approvals, technological advancements, and changing consumer demands[2].

Future Projections

Market Growth Projections

The cysteine and its hydrochloride market is expected to see significant growth from 2023 to 2031, driven by the factors mentioned above. The market dynamics, including drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges, are meticulously evaluated to predict trends and growth rates during this period[2].

Emerging Trends

Emerging trends include the increasing use of cysteine in dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Technological innovations in production methods and growing awareness about health and wellness are also expected to play a crucial role in the market's expansion[5].

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Trials and Approvals: FDA approval for Nouress™ (AV001) addresses a critical need for intravenous cysteine in neonatal care.
  • Market Growth: The global cysteine and its hydrochloride market is projected to grow significantly from 2023 to 2030.
  • Market Drivers: Growing demand in food, pharmaceuticals, personal care, and animal feed, along with technological advancements and health trends, are driving market growth.
  • Patent and Intellectual Property: Avadel Pharmaceuticals holds a significant patent for cysteine solutions, providing protection until 2039.
  • Future Projections: The market is expected to continue its upward trend, driven by emerging trends and growing consumer awareness.

FAQs

What is the current market size of the cysteine and its hydrochloride market?

The global cysteine and its hydrochloride market was valued at USD 145.15 million in 2023[5].

What is the projected growth rate of the cysteine market from 2024 to 2030?

The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.19% from 2024 to 2030[5].

What are the primary applications of cysteine hydrochloride?

Primary applications include the food and beverage industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics industry, animal feed, and beverage sectors[2].

What is the significance of the FDA approval for Nouress™ (AV001)?

The FDA approval for Nouress™ addresses a critical need for an intravenous source of cysteine for neonatal patients requiring TPN[1].

What technological advancements are driving the cysteine market?

Innovations such as enzymatic synthesis and microbial fermentation are making cysteine production more effective and affordable[5].

Sources

  1. Avadel Pharmaceuticals Receives U.S. FDA Approval for Nouress™ (AV001) - Avadel Pharmaceuticals.
  2. Global L Cysteine and Its Hydrochloride Market Size, Trends and Forecasts - Market Research Intellect.
  3. Multi-Discipline Review - FDA.
  4. Development Programs - Nacuity Pharmaceuticals.
  5. Cysteine Market Size & Forecast - Verified Market Research.
Last updated: 2024-12-31

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