Last Updated: May 2, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
New Formulation NCT00244777 ↗ Introduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine Use Completed International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh Phase 4 2002-12-01 The World Health Organization has very recently recommended the routine use of a hypo-osmolar ORS in the management of diarrhoeal diseases. This recommendation is based on the better efficacy of the hypo-osmolar ORS over the standard WHO ORS demonstrated in controlled clinical trials. The recommendation, however, also expressed the need for "careful monitoring to better assess risk, if any, of symptomatic hyponatraemia". There thus is a need for phase IV trials before the new solution is introduced into routine clinical practice to assess the risk in relatively large number of patient populations. The proposed study will be carried out at two different settings- at the urban settings of the Dhaka Hospital (60000 patients) and at the rural settings of the Matlab Hospital (15000 patients) of ICDDR,B. The hypo-osmolar rice or glucose-based ORS will be introduced as standard management of patients with diarrhoea . The hypo-osmolar ORS will contain 75 mmol /L of sodium instead of 90 mmol/L. Surveillance will be carried out to detect adverse events focusing on the occurrence of seizures or undue lethargy during hospitalization. Each episode of seizure or undue lethargy would be evaluated to determine if they are associated with abnormal levels of serum sodium or glucose, or fever. It has been estimated that about 3% (1,800) of patients initially admitted to the Short Stay Ward of the Dhaka Hospital, and 340 patients at the Matlab Hospital might require admission to the longer stay inpatient wards due to seizure or altered consciousness. Such patients would be thoroughly assessed including determination of their serum sodium and glucose, two common causes of seizures/altered consciousness, to determine if and to what extent they could be attributed to hyponatraemia.The results from this study would be used in planning and implementing the routine use of the new formulation of ORS at all Government, NGO and private health care facilities that treat diarrhoeal patients, in Bangladesh and in other countries.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000648 ↗ A Pilot Study Evaluating Penicillin G and Ceftriaxone as Therapies for Presumed Neurosyphilis in HIV Seropositive Individuals Completed Hoffmann-La Roche N/A 1969-12-31 To provide information on the response of HIV infected, neurosyphilis patients to the currently recommended treatment for neurosyphilis; to determine whether possible co-infection with both HIV and syphilis makes more difficult the diagnosis of syphilis; to explore the usefulness of an alternative treatment which, if effective, would permit outpatient treatment for neurosyphilis that until now required prolonged hospitalization. Studies suggest that syphilis treatment failures may be more common in HIV infected patients than in patients without HIV infection and that treatment failures occur due to and/or are displayed as central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Very little is known about the best treatment course for neurosyphilis in patients who are also infected with HIV.
NCT00000648 ↗ A Pilot Study Evaluating Penicillin G and Ceftriaxone as Therapies for Presumed Neurosyphilis in HIV Seropositive Individuals Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) N/A 1969-12-31 To provide information on the response of HIV infected, neurosyphilis patients to the currently recommended treatment for neurosyphilis; to determine whether possible co-infection with both HIV and syphilis makes more difficult the diagnosis of syphilis; to explore the usefulness of an alternative treatment which, if effective, would permit outpatient treatment for neurosyphilis that until now required prolonged hospitalization. Studies suggest that syphilis treatment failures may be more common in HIV infected patients than in patients without HIV infection and that treatment failures occur due to and/or are displayed as central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Very little is known about the best treatment course for neurosyphilis in patients who are also infected with HIV.
NCT00000938 ↗ A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline in the Treatment of Patients With Seronegative Chronic Lyme Disease Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 3 1969-12-31 Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States. It is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It may exist in a chronic form and be the result of: 1) persistent infection by B. burgdorferi; 2) damage caused by the original infectious process; or 3) the presence of coinfection with another organism transmitted by Ixodes ticks. The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness, in seronegative patients, of intensive antibiotic treatment in eliminating symptoms of Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD).
NCT00001101 ↗ A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline in the Treatment of Patients With Seropositive Chronic Lyme Disease Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 3 1969-12-31 Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States. It is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It may exist in a chronic form and be the result of: 1) active infection by B. burgdorferi; 2) damage caused by the original infectious process; or 3) the presence of co-infection with another organism transmitted by Ixodes ticks. The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness, for seropositive patients, of intensive antibiotic treatment in eliminating symptoms of Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD).
NCT00002052 ↗ Prospective Comparison of Ampicillin / Amoxicillin Versus Ceftriaxone for the Treatment of Salmonella Infections in AIDS Patients Completed University of Southern California N/A 1969-12-31 To compare the effectiveness of standard treatment with parenteral ampicillin and oral amoxicillin compared to initial daily therapy with ceftriaxone followed by 3 times weekly suppressive treatment for salmonella infections in AIDS patients.
NCT00004216 ↗ VNP20009 in Treating Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors That Have Not Responded to Previous Therapy Completed Vion Pharmaceuticals Phase 1 1999-08-01 RATIONALE: Biological therapies such as VNP20009 use different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop cancer cells from growing. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of VNP20009 in treating patients who have advanced or metastatic solid tumors that have not responded to previous therapy.
NCT00034736 ↗ A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Levofloxacin in the Treatment of Children With Community-acquired Pneumonia in the Hospital or Outpatient Setting Completed Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C. Phase 3 2002-08-01 The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment of children with community acquired pneumonia.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Condition Name

Condition Name for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Intervention Trials
Pneumonia 11
Sepsis 9
Gonorrhea 6
Surgical Site Infection 5
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Intervention Trials
Infections 43
Pneumonia 35
Infection 34
Communicable Diseases 28
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Clinical Trial Locations for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Location Trials
United States 245
France 35
Australia 32
Canada 26
Spain 26
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Location Trials
Ohio 19
California 18
Texas 14
North Carolina 13
New York 13
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Clinical Trial Progress for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 8
PHASE3 4
PHASE2 1
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 97
Recruiting 30
Unknown status 23
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Sponsor Trials
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 11
Forest Laboratories 8
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris 7
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for CEFTRIAXONE IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
Sponsor Trials
Other 242
Industry 62
NIH 16
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Ceftriaxone in Plastic Containers: Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Future Projections

Last updated: January 29, 2026

Summary

Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, remains a cornerstone in treating serious bacterial infections. Traditionally packaged in glass vials, the shift toward safety, convenience, and cost-effectiveness has accelerated the adoption of plastic container formulations. This report provides a comprehensive update on ongoing clinical trials, market dynamics, and future projections for ceftriaxone in plastic containers. Emphasis is placed on regulatory developments, manufacturing trends, risk assessments, and commercial opportunities.


What Are the Key Developments in Clinical Trials for Ceftriaxone in Plastic Containers?

Current Status of Clinical Trials

Trial Phase Number of Trials Focus Areas Key Objectives Leading Trial Platforms
Phase I 2 Bioavailability, stability Assess safety, pharmaceutical equivalence ClinicalTrials.gov, EudraCT
Phase II 4 Pharmacokinetics, efficacy Determine dosing, tolerability ClinicalTrials.gov
Phase III 3 Confirm efficacy, resistance profile Large-scale validation ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP

Highlights of Ongoing Trials (2022–2023)

  • Stability and Compatibility Studies:

    • Focus on assessing compatibility of ceftriaxone in various plastic polymers (PE, PP, PVC).
    • Outcome metrics include preservative effectiveness and leachables analysis.
  • Bioequivalence Studies:

    • Comparative assessments against traditional glass vials.
    • Key endpoints: pharmacokinetics (Cmax, Tmax, AUC).
  • Safety and Tolerability:

    • Monitoring adverse reactions linked to plastic leachables.
    • Evaluations conducted in pediatric and adult populations.

Regulatory Landscape

  • FDA Guidance (2021): Emphasizes testing for extractables and leachables in plastics.
  • EMA Directive (2022): Requires stability data specifically for plastic containers.
  • Global Harmonization: Increasing convergence on standards related to container-closure integrity.

Market Analysis

Market Size & Segmentation (2022–2027)

Parameter 2022 Value Projection (2027) CAGR
Global Ceftriaxone Market $1.8 billion $2.8 billion 9.0%
Plastic Container Segment Share 15% 25% 9.3%
Key Regions North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific Similar, with accelerated growth in Asia-Pacific N/A

Drivers of Market Growth

  • Safety and Ergonomics: Plastic reduces breakage risk, especially in high-volume settings and resource-limited regions.
  • Cost-efficiency: Reduced production and transportation costs.
  • Regulatory Push: Favoring plastic containers with validated safety profiles.
  • Environmental Policies: Shift towards more sustainable packaging solutions, driving innovation in plastic types.

Competitive Landscape

Major Players Market Share (Estimated) Product Innovations Key Strategies
Pfizer 35% Pre-filled plastic syringes Strategic partnerships, R&D investments
Sandoz 20% Children's formulations in plastic Focus on emerging markets
Mylan 15% Single-dose plastic vials Expansion into hospital-only formulations

Challenges and Barriers

  • Regulatory Hurdles: Extensive testing for leachables and extractables delays approval.
  • Material Compatibility: Ensuring polymer stability and drug stability over shelf life.
  • Environmental Concerns: Eco-friendly plastics and recycling protocols need further development.
  • Market Penetration: Preference for traditional glass vials persists in some regions due to regulatory familiarity.

Future Market Projections for Ceftriaxone Plastic Containers

Forecasted Trends (2023–2030)

Year Projected Market Size (USD) Projected CAGR
2023 $1.9 billion 9.2%
2025 $2.4 billion 9.3%
2030 $4.0 billion 10.2%

Key Factors Influencing Growth

  • Regulatory Approvals: Increasing approvals for plastic container formulations, especially in emerging markets.
  • Clinical Trial Outcomes: Positive stability, safety, and bioequivalence data will accelerate commercialization.
  • Manufacturing Innovations: Development of advanced plastics with minimal leachables.
  • Adoption in Low-Resource Settings: Plastic containers facilitate logistics and compliance.

Geographical Dynamics

Region Market Share (2022) Growth Drivers Challenges
North America 40% Established healthcare infrastructure Stringent regulations
Europe 25% Safety and quality standards Cost pressures
Asia-Pacific 20% Cost competitiveness, expanding healthcare access Regulatory variability
Rest of World 15% Growing infection rates Supply chain constraints

Comparison Between Packaging Types: Glass vs. Plastic for Ceftriaxone

Parameter Glass Vials Plastic Containers Remarks
Cost Higher Lower Cost-saving benefits favor plastics, especially in large-volume applications
Breakage Risk High Low Plastics reduce physical damage risk
Compatibility High Varies Polymers can leach substances; requires rigorous testing
Shelf Life Similar Similar Stability depends on polymer properties and formulation
Environmental Impact Recyclable Recyclable (varies with polymer type) Eco-friendly plastics under development

Regulatory Framework and Standards

Agency/Organization Key Guidelines / Regulations Dates/Versions
FDA Guidance for Industry: Container Closure Systems 2021
EMA Guideline on Plastic Packaging Compatibility 2022
USP Monographs for Ceftriaxone Updated periodically
ISO Standards for Plastics in Pharmaceutical Packaging ISO 10993 series 2018–2022

Summary and Strategic Implications

  • Accelerated Clinical Validation: Positive bioequivalence, stability, and safety data are crucial for market entry.
  • Regulatory Acceptance: A clear pathway exists, with increasing harmonization; early engagement recommended.
  • Manufacturing Scalability: Investment in high-quality, low-leachable polymers is vital.
  • Market Penetration: Focus on emerging markets and hospital settings where plastic's advantages are most valued.
  • Environmental Sustainability: Adoption of recyclable, biodegradable plastics will enhance market attractiveness.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical trials for ceftriaxone in plastic containers are advancing with promising stability and safety data.
  • The plastic container segment of the ceftriaxone market is projected to grow at over 9% CAGR from 2023–2027, reaching USD 2.8 billion by 2027.
  • Regulatory agencies prioritize safety testing for leachables and container integrity, shaping development standards.
  • Asia-Pacific and emerging markets represent significant growth opportunities due to cost and logistical benefits.
  • Competition remains focused on product quality, regulatory alignment, and sustainable packaging innovations.

FAQs

1. What are the primary benefits of using plastic containers for ceftriaxone?

Plastic containers reduce breakage risk, lower manufacturing and transportation costs, and provide ergonomic handling—a significant advantage in high-volume and resource-limited settings.

2. How do clinical trials ensure the safety of ceftriaxone in plastic containers?

Trials focus on stability (leachable testing), bioequivalence, and adverse reactions, adhering to guidelines from FDA, EMA, and ISO standards.

3. What challenges hinder the widespread adoption of plastic containers for ceftriaxone?

Main challenges include polymer compatibility, regulatory approval delays, leachable concerns, and environmental impact considerations.

4. Which regions are leading the growth of ceftriaxone in plastic packaging?

North America and Europe lead due to established safety standards; however, Asia-Pacific exhibits rapid growth due to expanding healthcare access and cost advantages.

5. What future innovations could influence the market of ceftriaxone plastic containers?

Advances in biodegradable plastics, packaging with integrated safety features, and improved polymer formulations will likely shape the market landscape.


References

  1. ClinicalTrials.gov. Ongoing clinical trials for ceftriaxone in plastic containers.
  2. FDA Guidance for Industry: Container Closure Systems (2021).
  3. EMA Draft Guidance on Plastic Packaging Compatibility (2022).
  4. MarketResearch.com. Global Cephalosporin Market Reports (2022).
  5. ISO 10993 Series: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices (2018–2022).

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