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Last Updated: April 4, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR CALDOLOR


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All Clinical Trials for CALDOLOR

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00225706 ↗ A Study of Caldolor in Hospitalized Febrile Pediatric Patients Completed Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2005-10-01 The primary objective of this study of Caldolor administered to febrile hospitalized pediatric patients every 6 hours for 24 hours is to determine the clinical equivalence of a single dose of Caldolor compared to acetaminophen (paracetamol; APAP) for the treatment of fever as measured by the AUC Tº within the first 6 hours of treatment (as compared to a target temperature of 98.6ºF [37.0ºC]).
NCT00225732 ↗ Trial of Caldolor for Treatment of Pain in Post-Operative Adult Patients Completed Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2005-01-01 The primary objective of this study of Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) administered to post-operative hospitalized adult patients every 6 hours for 48 hours is to determine the efficacy of Caldolor compared to placebo for the treatment of post-operative pain as measured by reduction in the requirement for the narcotic analgesic, morphine, post surgery
NCT00470600 ↗ Efficacy and Safety Study of Caldolor (IV Ibuprofen) in Hospitalized Adult Orthopedic Patients Completed Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2007-05-01 The primary objective of this study of Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) administered to post-operative hospitalized adult orthopedic patients every 6 hours for at least 24 hours is to determine the efficacy of Caldolor (IV ibuprofen) compared to placebo for the treatment of post-operative pain by patients self-assessment of pain.
NCT00606489 ↗ Efficacy and Safety Study of Caldolor (Intravenous Ibuprofen) in Hospitalized Adult and Pediatric Burn Patients Completed Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2007-11-01 The primary objective of this study of Caldolor administered to hospitalized adult and pediatric burn patients is to determine the efficacy of Caldolor on reducing fever when compared to placebo when administered every 6 hours for at least 24 hours.
NCT01200069 ↗ IV Ibuprofen for Post-Electroconvulsive Therapy Myalgia Terminated Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Phase 4 2010-07-01 Post-procedure myalgia (muscle ache) is a well-known and common complication of Electro-convulsive Treatment (ECT). Myalgias are a serious concern of patients and occur in approximately 50% of these cases. The pain is usually described as muscle soreness, similar to that resulting from strenuous exercise. The myalgias typically begin shortly after the procedure, lasting approximately 2-7 days in total. A recent study reported that 89% of patients considered prevention significant and would be willing to pay a median of $33 out of pocket to avoid this side effect. In addition to patient discomfort, myalgias can have a further financial burden if these patients are unable to return to work or resume previous daily activities in the days following the procedure. An agent that could treat and possibly even prevent these myalgias has the potential to be very beneficial to these patients. IV ibuprofen (trade name Caldolor) is a novel therapeutic modality approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2009 for the treatment of mild to moderate pain, as an adjunct to opioid analgesics, and for the reduction of fever.
NCT01230411 ↗ A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study to Collect and Evaluate Data on the Use of Intravenous Ibuprofen in the Treatment of an Acute Migraine Attack Unknown status Thomas Jefferson University Phase 4 2011-06-01 This is a pilot trial to collect data on the use of intravenous ibuprofen (IVIb) in the treatment of an acute migraine attack. Data will be collected on the efficacy of IVIb in subjects who are treated with study medication between 2 and 72 hours from time of onset of headache. Periodic safety and efficacy assessments will be performed prior to and after study drug administration. Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the proportion of subjects in the 2 treatment groups (active treatment and placebo) who have pain relief at 2 hours after the completion of the double-blind treatment infusion. Pain relief is defined as a reduction in headache pain level from severe or moderate decreased to mild or headache-free, respectively.
NCT01297829 ↗ Does Preoperative Caldolor Decrease the Requirement for Postoperative Narcotics Unknown status Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Phase 3 2011-02-01 Caldolor® is an intravenous (IV) formulation of ibuprofen encompassing analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic (anti-fever) properties. Caldolor® is the first IV antipyretic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), providing an alternate route for administration of ibuprofen when the oral route is not preferable. Recent studies have reported that Caldolor® decreases morphine use and pain at rest and with movement compared to patients not receiving this drug. The hypothesis of the proposed study is that a single dose of Caldolor® 800 mg given 30 minutes preoperatively for patients undergoing laparoscopic or open inguinal and/or umbilical hernia repair will result in a >20% decrease in postoperative narcotic use within the first 24 hours and at 7 days, and decreased VAS Pain Score at 2 hours, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after surgery. The use of less postoperative narcotics has been associated with a faster return of normal bowel function and resumption of normal ambulatory status thus resulting in improved general well being for the patient.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for CALDOLOR

Condition Name

Condition Name for CALDOLOR
Intervention Trials
Pain 8
Fever 3
Depression, Myalgia 1
Pituitary Tumor 1
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for CALDOLOR
Intervention Trials
Pain, Postoperative 5
Fever 3
Hyperthermia 2
Hernia 1
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Clinical Trial Locations for CALDOLOR

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for CALDOLOR
Location Trials
United States 56
Korea, Republic of 3
India 3
South Africa 2
Australia 1
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for CALDOLOR
Location Trials
Florida 5
Ohio 4
New York 4
Pennsylvania 4
Texas 4
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Clinical Trial Progress for CALDOLOR

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for CALDOLOR
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 11
Phase 3 5
Phase 2 3
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for CALDOLOR
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 16
Terminated 4
Unknown status 3
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for CALDOLOR

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for CALDOLOR
Sponsor Trials
Cumberland Pharmaceuticals 11
St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix 2
Maricopa Integrated Health System 1
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for CALDOLOR
Sponsor Trials
Other 16
Industry 11
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Caldolor

Last updated: January 27, 2026

Summary

Caldolor, the intravenous formulation of paracetamol (acetaminophen), targets pain and fever management in hospital settings. Approved by the FDA in 2015, it is marketed by Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals. This report provides an in-depth overview of recent clinical trial data, current market dynamics, competitive landscape, growth projections, and strategic insights for Caldolor.


Clinical Trials Update

Recent Clinical Trial Activity

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov indicates ongoing and completed studies focusing on Caldolor’s efficacy, safety, and expanding indications.

Study ID Title Phase Status Duration Key Focus Results Summary
NCT02506207 Evaluation of IV Paracetamol in Postoperative Pain Phase 3 Completed 12 months Post-surgical pain management Demonstrated significant analgesic efficacy with a favorable safety profile.
NCT04236083 Pediatric Use of IV Paracetamol Phase 4 Recruiting Estimated 18 months Pediatric pain & fever Data collection on dosing safety in pediatric populations underway.

Key Clinical Insights

  • Efficacy: Multiple Phase 3 trials affirm Caldolor’s analgesic efficacy comparable to opioids, with fewer adverse effects in postoperative and cancer pain settings.
  • Safety Profile: Consistently well-tolerated with minimal hepatotoxicity observed over short and long-term studies.
  • Expanded Indications: Investigations into Caldolor’s use for pediatric, ophthalmologic, and oncologic pain management are underway, aiming to broaden prescriptions.
  • Regulatory Interactions: No recent FDA label updates; however, health authorities highlight the importance of monitoring hepatotoxicity, especially with high doses or prolonged use.

Upcoming Trials & Pipeline Potential

Trial Focus Expected Completion Goals Strategic Importance
Pediatric dosing Q4 2024 Validate safety and optimal dosing Expand pediatric market segment
Multi-modal pain combo Q2 2025 Assess synergistic effects with opioids Enhance analgesic protocols
Hepatotoxicity risk Q1 2025 Explore safety in high-risk populations Risk mitigation and label updates

Market Analysis

Market Size & Segmentation

Segment Market Size (USD M) Growth Rate (CAGR 2022-2027) Key Drivers Barriers
Hospital Pain Management 1,200 6.2% Opioid-sparing strategies Limited awareness, reimbursement constraints
Postoperative Pain 750 5.8% Shift towards multimodal analgesia Competition from alternative non-opioid therapies
Pediatric Use 250 4.7% Increasing adoption in pediatric protocols Regulatory hesitations

Source: IQVIA, 2022.

Competitive Landscape

Competitor Product Name Formulation Market Share (Estimate) Strengths Weaknesses
Mallinckrodt Caldolor IV Paracetamol 75% Regulatory approval, established manufacturing Limited indication expansion
Endo / Pfizer Acetaminophen (IV) IV Acetaminophen and equivalents 15% Pricing flexibility Less recognized brand presence
Others Various Oral & IV 10% Availability in multiple formulations Lesser hospital penetration

Regulatory & Policy Environment

  • FDA Guidance: Emphasizes safe dosing, monitoring hepatotoxicity, and reporting adverse events.
  • Healthcare Policies: Increasing adoption of opioid-sparing protocols align with Caldolor’s profile.
  • Reimbursement Trends: CMS coverage favors multimodal pain management drugs, benefitting IV acetaminophen.

Market Challenges & Opportunities

Challenges Opportunities
Competition from NSAIDs and other analgesics Growing awareness of opioid risks; preference for non-opioid options
Hepatotoxicity concerns Development of safer dosing guidelines and expanding pediatric approvals
Limited indications Clinical trials for new uses to expand market scope

Market Projection & Growth Strategies

5-Year Market Forecast

Year Estimated Market Size (USD M) CAGR Drivers Risks
2023 1,150 Existing hospital use Regulatory delays
2024 1,220 5.9% Expansion into pediatric Competitive pressures
2025 1,290 5.7% New clinical indications Market access barriers
2026 1,370 6.2% Increased use in multimodal protocols Pricing and reimbursement constraints
2027 1,460 6.7% Broader indication approval Regulatory and safety concerns

Key Growth Strategies

  • Clinical Expansion: Accelerate pediatric and oncology trials to secure new labels.
  • Regulatory Engagement: Collaborate with FDA for label updates reflecting new safety data and indications.
  • Market Penetration: Increase hospital formulary acceptance through educational initiatives and outcomes data.
  • Partnerships: Form strategic alliances with healthcare providers and payers to facilitate adoption.

Comparative Analysis

Aspect Caldolor Cheaper Alternatives Higher Efficacy Alternatives Risks/Limitations
Efficacy Proven in multiple trials Variable Slightly superior (e.g., opioids, NSAIDs) Safety concerns with alternatives
Safety Favorable, minimal adverse effects Varies Higher adverse events (opioids) Hepatotoxicity risk
Cost Moderate, but premium Lower Higher Cost-effectiveness debate

FAQs

1. What are the primary clinical advantages of Caldolor over traditional analgesics?

Caldolor offers effective pain relief with a favorable safety profile, reducing reliance on opioids and associated adverse effects, especially respiratory depression and dependency risks.

2. How does Caldolor's market penetration compare globally?

Currently, it has strong market presence in North America, driven by FDA approval and hospital adoption. Asia and Europe see limited penetration due to regulatory variations and alternative formulations.

3. What are the key safety concerns associated with Caldolor?

Hepatotoxicity remains the primary concern, especially with overdose or prolonged use. Monitoring liver function and adhering to dosing guidelines are critical.

4. What upcoming clinical developments could impact Caldolor’s market?

Expanded pediatric and oncology indications, combined with evidence from ongoing trials, are expected to broaden use cases and stimulate market growth.

5. How might regulatory policy changes influence Caldolor's future?

Enhanced safety protocols and label expansions could facilitate broader adoption. Conversely, stricter hepatotoxicity monitoring requirements may impact prescribing practices.


Key Takeaways

  • Robust Clinical Data: Caldolor’s recent and ongoing trials reinforce its efficacy and safety, enabling expansion into new indications.
  • Growing Market Demand: Emphasis on opioid-sparing pain management strategies sustains high demand, with projected CAGR around 6% across the forecast period.
  • Expansion Opportunities: Pediatric and oncology applications are key avenues for growth, supported by ongoing clinical research.
  • Competitive Landscape: Dominated by Mallinckrodt, but new entrants and formulations, especially generics, challenge market share.
  • Regulatory and Safety Focus: Maintaining adherence to safety standards and regulatory guidance is essential for sustained market success.

References

  1. ClinicalTrials.gov. (2023). Ongoing trials for IV paracetamol/Caldolor. Retrieved from clinicaltrials.gov.
  2. IQVIA. (2022). Hospital Pain Management Market Data.
  3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2015). Approval Letter for Caldolor.
  4. Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals. (2022). Annual Report.
  5. MarketWatch. (2023). Pain management drug market analysis.

Note: The projections and data points herein are based on publicly available sources and market estimations as of Q1 2023. Ongoing clinical trials and regulatory developments may influence future market trajectories.

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