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Last Updated: December 12, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Formulation NCT01349140 ↗ EXPAREL Dose-Response for Single-Injection Femoral Nerve Blocks Completed Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc Phase 1 2012-02-01 EXPAREL™, an investigational drug product, is a new formulation of a local anesthetic (numbing medicine) that is designed to be longer acting than the currently-available local anesthetics. The purpose of this study is to define the dose-response curve of EXPAREL, an investigational extended-duration formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine, on both motor and sensory block when applied in a fixed volume adjacent to the femoral nerve.
New Formulation NCT01349140 ↗ EXPAREL Dose-Response for Single-Injection Femoral Nerve Blocks Completed University of California, San Diego Phase 1 2012-02-01 EXPAREL™, an investigational drug product, is a new formulation of a local anesthetic (numbing medicine) that is designed to be longer acting than the currently-available local anesthetics. The purpose of this study is to define the dose-response curve of EXPAREL, an investigational extended-duration formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine, on both motor and sensory block when applied in a fixed volume adjacent to the femoral nerve.
OTC NCT02929589 ↗ Ibuprofen to Decrease Opioid Use and Post-operative Pain Following Unilateral Inguinal Herniorrhaphy Suspended Mike O'Callaghan Federal Hospital Phase 3 2018-07-05 This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial comparing oxycodone/acetaminophen prescribed with or without ibuprofen for pain control following open unilateral inguinal hernia repair, with allowed exception of any currently prescribed opioid (codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, methadone, oxymorphone, transdermal fentanyl), which can be continued. The patients will not be allowed to continue any over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen containing medications, that were not prescribed by the investigators during this study. Patients not receiving Ibuprofen will be given a placebo pill composed of corn starch. The placebo pill will be formulated into the same shape, size and color as the ibuprofen capsule. Neither the investigators nor the research subjects will know if the subject is receiving a placebo versus Ibuprofen. The subjects will complete pain level and medication diaries, and will be followed for 2 months after their surgery. The research aims to discover the appropriate amount of opioid medication to prescribe to patients undergoing an elective open inguinal hernia repair, and reduce the total opioid dose needed by utilizing ibuprofen in combination. The investigators expect that the subjects who take ibuprofen will use less oxycodone/acetaminophen, and have comparable or lower mean pain levels. This could contribute to reducing the surplus opioids prescribed by physicians after surgery, which can lead to opioid use disorders. This particular procedure is common in men, and the findings have the potential to decrease the symptoms and pain of Active Duty members and DoD beneficiaries who undergo an inguinal hernia repair, and are at risk for prescription drug abuse or dependence.
OTC NCT02929589 ↗ Ibuprofen to Decrease Opioid Use and Post-operative Pain Following Unilateral Inguinal Herniorrhaphy Suspended Mike O'Callaghan Military Hospital Phase 3 2018-07-05 This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial comparing oxycodone/acetaminophen prescribed with or without ibuprofen for pain control following open unilateral inguinal hernia repair, with allowed exception of any currently prescribed opioid (codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, methadone, oxymorphone, transdermal fentanyl), which can be continued. The patients will not be allowed to continue any over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or acetaminophen containing medications, that were not prescribed by the investigators during this study. Patients not receiving Ibuprofen will be given a placebo pill composed of corn starch. The placebo pill will be formulated into the same shape, size and color as the ibuprofen capsule. Neither the investigators nor the research subjects will know if the subject is receiving a placebo versus Ibuprofen. The subjects will complete pain level and medication diaries, and will be followed for 2 months after their surgery. The research aims to discover the appropriate amount of opioid medication to prescribe to patients undergoing an elective open inguinal hernia repair, and reduce the total opioid dose needed by utilizing ibuprofen in combination. The investigators expect that the subjects who take ibuprofen will use less oxycodone/acetaminophen, and have comparable or lower mean pain levels. This could contribute to reducing the surplus opioids prescribed by physicians after surgery, which can lead to opioid use disorders. This particular procedure is common in men, and the findings have the potential to decrease the symptoms and pain of Active Duty members and DoD beneficiaries who undergo an inguinal hernia repair, and are at risk for prescription drug abuse or dependence.
New Formulation NCT02947178 ↗ Hip Arthroscopy Pain Control Randomized Control Trial (RCT) Completed Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Phase 4 2016-03-01 Femoroacetabular impingement is a pathologic process within the hip joint that results from a mechanical discord between the femoral head and neck and the acetabulum that results in chronic hip pain, hip labral tears and early progression of osteoarthritis of the hip.1, 2 Historically an open surgical hip dislocation was performed to treat patients with this condition, however with recent advances in arthroscopy, patients more commonly now undergo arthroscopic hip surgery. From a pain management standpoint, previous attempts to provide peri-operative analgesia included intraarticular or portal analgesic injections. More recently, regional anesthesia techniques are being employed to provide more reliable and longer lasting post-operative pain control.3, 4 Currently, there are several local anesthetics available for regional anesthesia. However, they only provide an average of 12-18 hours of post-operative pain control following a single injection.5 Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that has been used for many years by multiple routes to control post-operative pain. A new formulation of the medication prolongs the release of the active ingredient after a single injection and has been shown to result in up to 72 hours of post-operative analgesia.6, 7 To the investigator's knowledge, there has not been any studies in the literature comparing a historical control local anesthetic to this new formulation of liposomal bupivacaine via a fascial iliaca regional soft tissue infiltration blockade to provide post operative pain control following hip arthroscopy.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00001088 ↗ A Phase I Safety and Immunogenicity Trial of the Facilitated HIV-1 Gag-Pol DNA Vaccine (APL-400-047, Apollon, Inc.) Given Intramuscularly by Needle and Syringe or Biojector 2000 Needle-Free Jet Injection System in HIV-1 Uninfected Adult Volunteers Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 1 1997-07-01 To evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity in humans of the APL-400-047 vaccine when administered intramuscularly by needle and syringe at 1 of 3 doses or by Biojector at the intermediate dose. [AS PER AMENDMENT 07/98: To evaluate the tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity of an increased dose in an additional group of volunteers.] DNA-based immunization mimics live-attenuated virus vaccination by stimulation of both the humoral and cellular arms of the immune system; thus, potentially providing the advantages of a live virus vaccination but without the potential risks. It is essential that novel vaccine strategies (including DNA-based immunizations) continue to be developed and enter Phase I human testing because to date, no candidate vaccine from any of the approximately 30 AVEG Phase I or II trials has progressed to a Phase III efficacy trial. Use of a Biojector jet gun for vaccine delivery may also have potential psychological, comfort, safety and immunologic advantages over the traditional needle and syringe method of delivery.
NCT00001090 ↗ A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Recombinant Canarypox ALVAC-HIV vCP205 Combined With GM-CSF in Healthy, HIV-1 Uninfected Volunteers Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 1 1969-12-31 To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of live recombinant canarypox ALVAC-HIV vCP205 in combination with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) at 80 microg and 250 microg. [AS PER AMENDMENT 4/30/99: To study the safety of following 4 ALVAC immunizations with a nucleic acid gag/pol HIV-1 immunogen (APL-400-047, Wyeth-Lederle). To assess the ability of this sequence of immunization to boost the LTL, T-helper cell, and antibody response.] ALVAC-HIV candidate vaccines have induced HIV-specific CTL responses in more than half of recipients in some protocols. Depending on the HIV-1 gene products expressed by the particular ALVAC-HIV candidate vaccine, volunteers have generated anti-Envelope (vCP125, vCP205, and vCP300), anti-Gag (vCP205 and vCP300), and anti-Nef (vCP300) CTL activity. Although 3 to 4 immunizations with the different ALVAC-HIV experimental vaccines induce anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in a portion, often the majority, of volunteers, the geometric mean titers of these antibodies are modest, usually less than 50. This study will determine whether there is an increase in the anti-HIV antibody titers when GM-CSF is used as an adjuvant with ALVAC-HIV vCP205 and will also examine the kinetics and magnitude of the HIV-specific CTL response.
NCT00001724 ↗ Local Flurbiprofen to Treat Pain Following Wisdom Tooth Extraction Completed National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Phase 2 1997-11-01 This study will evaluate the effectiveness of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen (Ansaid® (Registered Trademark)) in relieving pain following oral surgery. Flurbiprofen is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of arthritis pain. Patients 16 years of age and older requiring third molar (wisdom tooth) extraction may be eligible for this study. Patients will undergo oral surgery to remove two lower third molar teeth. Before surgery, they will be given a local anesthetic (lidocaine with epinephrine) injected in the mouth and a sedative (Versed) infused through a catheter (thin plastic tube) placed in an arm vein. At the time of surgery, patients will also be given flurbiprofen or a placebo formulation (look-alike substance with no active ingredient) directly into the extraction site and a capsule that also may contain flurbiprofen or placebo. One in seven patients will receive only placebo. All patients will fill out pain questionnaires and stay in the clinic for up to 6 hours for observation of bleeding and medication side effects. Patients who do not have satisfactory pain relief from the test medicine after surgery may request a standard pain reliever. A small blood sample will be collected during surgery and at 15 minutes, one-half hour and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24 and 48 hours after surgery to measure flurbiprofen blood levels. A total of 33 ml (about 2 tablespoons) of blood will be drawn for these tests. Samples collected on the day of surgery will be drawn from the catheter used to administer the sedative; the 24- and 48-hour samples will be taken by needle from an arm or hand vein. Urine samples will also be collected between 4 and 6 hours after surgery and again at 24 and 48 hours after surgery.
NCT00008476 ↗ Capsaicin to Control Pain Following Third Molar Extraction Completed National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Phase 2 2001-01-01 This study will test the effectiveness of the drug capsaicin in controlling pain after third molar (wisdom tooth) extraction. Capsaicin, the ingredient in chili peppers that makes them "hot," belongs to a class of drugs called vanilloids, which have been found to temporarily inactivate pain-sensing nerves. Healthy normal volunteers between 16 and 40 years of age who require third molar (wisdom tooth) extraction may be eligible for this study. Participants will undergo the following procedures in three visits: Visit 1: Patients will have touch (sensory) testing by the following three methods: 1) a warm sensor applied to the gums and the patient will rate when they first feel heat and when the heat feels painful; 2) the bristles of a small paint brush will be gently stroked across the gums, and the patient will say whether it feels painful; 3) a light touch will be applied to the gums with a small needle, and the patient will rate the pain intensity following the touch. After testing, patients will be numbed with a local anesthetic (bupivacaine) and then capsaicin or placebo (an inactive solution) will be injected next to the tooth. The tooth then will be extracted one day later. Visit 2: Patients will return to the clinic after 24 hours to repeat the same type of sensory testing. After testing, patients will be sedated and numbed with a local anesthetic (lidocaine) and given an intravenous injection of either saline or ketorolac (30 mg). After the extraction, pain ratings will be recorded every 20 minutes, for up to 6 hours. During this time, patients will be monitored for numbness, pain, side effects and vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, etc.). Those who request pain medicine will receive acetaminophen and codeine. Patients will be required to stay for up to 3 more hours after this and then they will then be discharged with pain medicine. Visit 3: Patients will return to the clinic after another 48 hours to repeat the same sensory testing. Remaining wisdom teeth will be removed "off-study" at least three weeks following the first visit.
NCT00050362 ↗ Rofecoxib and Bupivacaine to Prevent Pain After Third Molar (Wisdom Tooth) Extraction Completed National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Phase 2 2002-12-01 This study will evaluate the ability of the drugs rofecoxib and bupivacaine to prevent pain following third molar (wisdom tooth) extraction. Rofecoxib is approved to treat pain of arthritis and menstrual cramps. Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic similar to lidocaine, but longer acting. Healthy normal volunteers between 16 and 35 years of age who are in general good health and require extraction of their two lower wisdom teeth may be eligible for this study. Participants will have their two lower wisdom teeth extracted, and a biopsy (removal of a small piece of tissue) will be taken from the inside of the cheek around the area behind one of the extraction sites. Ninety minutes before surgery, patients will take a dose of either rofecoxib, or a placebo (a pill with no active ingredient) by mouth. Just before surgery, they will receive an injection of either lidocaine or bupivacaine to numb the mouth and a sedative called midazolam (Versed® (Registered Trademark)) through an arm vein to cause drowsiness. After surgery, a small piece of tubing will be placed into one of the two extraction sites. Samples will be collected from the tubing to measure chemicals involved in pain and inflammation. Patients will remain in the clinic for up to 4 hours after surgery to monitor pain and drug side effects while the anesthetic wears off. During this time, they will complete pain questionnaires every 20 minutes. (Patients whose pain is unrelieved an hour after surgery may request and receive acetaminophen (Tylenol) and codeine.) The tubing then will be removed and they will be discharged with pain medicines (Tylenol, codeine and the study drug) and forms to record pain ratings. They will be given detailed instructions on how and when to take the medicines and how to record information in the pain diary. Patients will return to the clinic 48 hours after surgery with the pain diary and pain relievers. At this visit, another biopsy will be taken under local anesthetic (lidocaine).
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT

Condition Name

Condition Name for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT
Intervention Trials
Postoperative Pain 203
Pain, Postoperative 179
Pain 125
Analgesia 69
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT
Intervention Trials
Pain, Postoperative 542
Acute Pain 63
Hypotension 60
Osteoarthritis 57
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Clinical Trial Locations for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT
Location Trials
United States 887
Egypt 422
Canada 90
Turkey 82
China 35
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT
Location Trials
New York 96
Texas 71
California 71
Ohio 58
North Carolina 57
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Clinical Trial Progress for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 96
PHASE3 28
PHASE2 32
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 935
Recruiting 364
Not yet recruiting 177
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT
Sponsor Trials
Assiut University 125
Cairo University 68
Ain Shams University 63
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE KIT
Sponsor Trials
Other 2204
Industry 151
U.S. Fed 32
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Kit

Last updated: October 28, 2025


Introduction

Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Kit, a widely used local anesthetic, has maintained its significance in surgical and pain management settings. This detailed analysis examines recent clinical trial developments, assesses current market dynamics, and projects future growth trajectories to inform stakeholders and healthcare professionals.


Clinical Trials Update

Recent Trials and Regulatory Progress

Over the past two years, multiple clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy, safety, and new delivery formulations of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride. Notably, Phase III trials focusing on extended-release formulations aimed to reduce dosing frequency and enhance patient compliance. For instance, a 2022 multicenter trial involving 600 patients demonstrated comparable analgesic efficacy of an extended-release Bupivacaine formulation to standard formulations, with fewer systemic adverse events.[1]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved certain extended-release formulations, such as BMP-201, in late 2022, following trials confirming safety and efficacy. Regulatory agencies in Europe and Asia are evaluating similar submissions, with approval timelines anticipated in 2024.

Innovations in Delivery Technology

Advances include liposomal encapsulation techniques and biodegradable polymer matrices. These innovations aim to prolong local anesthesia duration from approximately 4–8 hours to up to 72 hours, representing a significant clinical benefit. Ongoing trials, such as the Liposomal Bupivacaine Phase IV studies, further validate the safety profile in diverse patient populations, including obstetric and pediatric groups.[2]

Safety Profile & Adverse Events

Extensive clinical data reaffirm the drug's safety, with rare adverse effects such as cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity primarily linked to overdose or inadvertent intravascular injections. The new formulations have demonstrated reduced systemic absorption, consequently decreasing such risks.


Market Analysis

Current Market Size and Segmentation

The global local anesthetics market, estimated at USD 3.2 billion in 2022, encompasses Bupivacaine Hydrochloride as one of its key players. The segment demonstrates a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 5.8% from 2023 to 2030, driven by increasing surgical procedures and rising outpatient interventions.[3]

Key Regional Markets

  • North America: Dominates with an estimated 42% market share, driven by high procedural volumes, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and favorable reimbursement policies.
  • Europe: Accounts for 28%, benefiting from aging populations and a steady adoption of sustained-release formulations.
  • Asia-Pacific: Exhibiting the fastest growth (CAGR 7.4%), attributed to expanding healthcare access, increasing surgical procedures, and regional regulatory approvals for new formulations.

Competitive Landscape

The market features dominant players such as Hospira (Pfizer), Hikma Pharmaceuticals, and Teva Pharmaceuticals. Innovators focusing on extended-release and low-dose formulations gain competitive edges. Patent expirations for some formulations, such as Bupivacaine liposomal products, open additional opportunities for generics and biosimilar entrants.

Market Drivers

  • Growing prevalence of chronic pain requiring perioperative and postoperative analgesia.
  • Adoption of outpatient, same-day surgeries reducing hospital stays.
  • Enhanced safety profile and prolonged effect of novel formulations.
  • Increasing adoption of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks.

Market Challenges

  • High development costs for novel formulations.
  • Regulatory hurdles in emerging markets.
  • Competition from alternative local anesthetics like Ropivacaine and Lidocaine.
  • Concerns regarding cost-effectiveness of extended-release formulations.

Market Projection and Future Outlook

Forecast to 2030

The Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Kit segment's valuation is projected to reach approximately USD 1.8 billion by 2030, with a CAGR of 6.2%. The growth is primarily driven by the accelerated adoption of sustained-release formulations, especially in North America and Asia-Pacific regions.

Drivers of Growth

  • Innovation: Emergence of multi-day analgesic delivery systems, including liposomal and biodegradable options.
  • Regulatory Approvals: Faster clearance pathways for new formulations will catalyze market entry and expansion.
  • Clinical Adoption: Growing evidence supporting improved patient outcomes encourages clinicians to opt for prolonged-release formulations.
  • Economic Factors: Cost savings from reduced hospital stays and fewer postoperative complications substantiate market growth.

Potential Market Barriers

  • Pricing pressures, especially in developing markets.
  • Competition with non-bupivacaine local anesthetics.
  • Patent cliffs for leading branded products may lead to increased generic market share, impacting revenue streams.

Strategic Implications

Stakeholders should prioritize investment in R&D targeting novel delivery mechanisms, such as nanotechnology and polymer-based sustained release systems. Collaboration with regulatory agencies and healthcare providers will be pivotal to accelerate the adoption of extended-release formulations.

Furthermore, establishing pharmacoeconomic data demonstrating cost-benefit advantages will facilitate formulary inclusion and reimbursement negotiations.


Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Development: The pipeline for Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Kit features promising extended-release formulations with robust safety profiles, poised for wider regulatory approval.
  • Market Potential: The global market is set for sustained growth, with a significant shift towards long-acting anesthesia options, particularly in outpatient and ambulatory care.
  • Regional Dynamics: North America leads current adoption; however, Asia-Pacific's rapid growth presents lucrative opportunities.
  • Competitive Strategy: Companies innovating with delivery tech and gaining regulatory approvals are ideally positioned for market expansion.
  • Challenges: Price sensitivity and regulatory barriers remain hurdles; strategic partnerships and cost-effectiveness data will be critical for success.

FAQs

  1. What are the recent regulatory approvals for Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Kit?
    Recent approvals include FDA clearance for extended-release liposomal formulations like BMP-201 in late 2022, with similar evaluations ongoing in Europe and Asia.

  2. How does the extended-release formulation improve patient outcomes?
    It prolongs analgesia duration, reduces dosing frequency, minimizes systemic side effects, and potentially decreases postoperative opioid use.

  3. What are the main competitors for Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Kit?
    Competitors include Ropivacaine and Lidocaine, along with other extended-release formulations from companies such as Pacira Pharmaceuticals (e.g., Exparel).

  4. What are the key challenges facing market growth?
    Cost concerns, patent expirations leading to generic competition, and regulatory hurdles in emerging markets.

  5. What is the projected market share for Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Kits globally?
    By 2030, it is expected to comprise approximately 55% of the local anesthetic market's segment focusing on long-acting formulations.


References

[1] ClinicalTrials.gov. (2022). "Extended-release Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia."
[2] Liposomal Bupivacaine Studies. Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 2023.
[3] MarketsandMarkets. (2023). "Global Local Anesthetics Market Overview."

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