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Last Updated: January 1, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR PROLIA


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Biosimilar Clinical Trials for PROLIA

This table shows clinical trials for biosimilars. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT03293108 ↗ Comparing Efficacy and Safety of AryoGen Pharmed Biosimilar Denosumab 60 mg (Arylia) Versus Prolia® in Improvement of Bone Mineral Densitometry (BMD) Among Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women Active, not recruiting AryoGen Pharmed Co. Phase 3 2017-04-29 The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of Denosumab 60 mg produced by AryoGen Pharmed and Amgen Denosumab 60 mg among osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis according to their Bone mineral density result (BMD), aged between 45 to 75 are included in this trial. This is a Phase III, randomized, two armed, double-blind, parallel, active-controlled,non-inferiority clinical trial. The eligible patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive Arylia or Prolia® subcutaneous injections, at the beginning of the trial and every 6 months at month 6 and 12, in an 18-month study period. Along with, all women will receive daily supplements containing at least 1000 mg of elemental calcium (divided into two doses) and at least 400 IU vitamin D daily during 18 months of the study. The primary objective of this study is to assess non-inferiority of test- Denosumab 60 mg (Arylia) to the reference Denosumab 60 mg (Prolia®) in terms of efficacy among osteoporotic postmenopausal women. The secondary objectives of this study are: To further compare efficacy of test- Denosumab 60 mg to reference Denosumab 60 mg; To assess the safety of test- Denosumab 60 mg compared to reference Denosumab 60 mg.
NCT04591275 ↗ Clinical Efficacy and Safety Comparative Study Between CMAB807 Injection and Prolia® . Recruiting Shanghai Biomabs Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Phase 3 2021-03-31 evaluate the differences in effectiveness and safety between CMAB807( potential biosimilar) and Prolia(original product)
NCT04664959 ↗ A Study to Compare SB16 (Proposed Denosumab Biosimilar) to Prolia® in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis Active, not recruiting Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd. Phase 3 2020-11-26 This is a randomised, double-blind, multicentre study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, PK, PD, and immunogenicity of SB16 compared to Prolia® in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
NCT04934072 ↗ A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Immunogenicity of FKS518 in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis Recruiting Fresenius Kabi SwissBioSim GmbH Phase 3 2021-07-05 The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate equivalent efficacy of FKS518 to US-licensed Prolia in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Participants will be randomized at the beginning of the Double-blind Core Treatment Period (Baseline to Week 52) to receive either FKS518 or US-licensed Prolia on Day 1, and then every 26 weeks for up to 52 weeks. At the beginning of the Double-blind Transition Period (Week 52 to Week 78), participants who received US-licensed Prolia will be re-randomized to either continue receiving US-licensed Prolia every 26 weeks for up to 78 weeks, or switch to receive FKS518 every 26 weeks for up to 78 weeks. Participants who were randomized to receive FKS518 at the beginning of the Double-blind Core Treatment Period will continue to receive this treatment during the Double-blind Transition Period. For Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) only: The primary objective is to demonstrate equivalent efficacy and pharmacodynamics of the proposed biosimilar denosumab FKS518 to US-Prolia in women with PMO.
NCT05338086 ↗ A Study to Compare Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Immunogenicity of MB09 [Proposed Denosumab Biosimilar] to Prolia® [EU-sourced] in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (SIMBA Study) Recruiting mAbxience S.A Phase 3 2022-03-31 This is a randomized, double-blind, parallel, multicenter, multinational study to compare the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and immunogenicity of MB09 versus Prolia® in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for PROLIA

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00043186 ↗ Determine the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Denosumab (AMG 162) in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mineral Density Completed Amgen Phase 2 2002-05-01 To determine the effect of denosumab treatment compared with placebo over 12 months on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with low BMD. The clinical hypothesis is that denosumab subcutaneous injections administered every 3 or 6 months for 12 months will significantly increase lumbar spine bone mineral density and will be well tolerated.
NCT01358669 ↗ Effect of Denosumab on Inflammatory Osteolytic Lesion Activity in Total Hip Arthroplasty Unknown status Amgen Phase 2 2011-12-14 Although hip replacement surgery is a successful way of dealing with the pain and immobility caused by hip arthritis, 10% of the hip replacements carried out in the UK fail within 10 years. The main reason for this is the development periprosthetic osteolysis, that is, loss of bone around the site of the hip replacement. The osteolysis is thought to be due to the small particles of debris worn from the surfaces of the hip implant. These particles cause a reaction in the blood cells around the joint which in turn affects bone cells and leads to a loss of bone around the implant. The joint implant will then eventually become loose and unstable, a condition known as aseptic loosening. At present the only way to treat aseptic loosening is to have another operation to secure the hip joint, known as revision surgery. Revision surgery is not always successful and exposes the patient to the risk of major surgery. In this study we explore the potential for giving a medication (denosumab) that may prevent the loss of bone around the hip replacement implant. We will recruit patients who have been listed for revision surgery. One group of patients will be given a single dose of denosumab; another group will be given a placebo (dummy drug). At the time of the revision surgery a small sample of the bone from around the hip replacement will be taken and examined under the microscope. Comparisons will be made between the patients having the denosumab and those having placebo to find out whether the denosumab is having a beneficial effect on the bone surfaces. If successful, this study will lead to further studies to develop the use of denosumab to prevent aseptic loosening.
NCT01358669 ↗ Effect of Denosumab on Inflammatory Osteolytic Lesion Activity in Total Hip Arthroplasty Unknown status University of Sheffield Phase 2 2011-12-14 Although hip replacement surgery is a successful way of dealing with the pain and immobility caused by hip arthritis, 10% of the hip replacements carried out in the UK fail within 10 years. The main reason for this is the development periprosthetic osteolysis, that is, loss of bone around the site of the hip replacement. The osteolysis is thought to be due to the small particles of debris worn from the surfaces of the hip implant. These particles cause a reaction in the blood cells around the joint which in turn affects bone cells and leads to a loss of bone around the implant. The joint implant will then eventually become loose and unstable, a condition known as aseptic loosening. At present the only way to treat aseptic loosening is to have another operation to secure the hip joint, known as revision surgery. Revision surgery is not always successful and exposes the patient to the risk of major surgery. In this study we explore the potential for giving a medication (denosumab) that may prevent the loss of bone around the hip replacement implant. We will recruit patients who have been listed for revision surgery. One group of patients will be given a single dose of denosumab; another group will be given a placebo (dummy drug). At the time of the revision surgery a small sample of the bone from around the hip replacement will be taken and examined under the microscope. Comparisons will be made between the patients having the denosumab and those having placebo to find out whether the denosumab is having a beneficial effect on the bone surfaces. If successful, this study will lead to further studies to develop the use of denosumab to prevent aseptic loosening.
NCT01358669 ↗ Effect of Denosumab on Inflammatory Osteolytic Lesion Activity in Total Hip Arthroplasty Unknown status Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Phase 2 2011-12-14 Although hip replacement surgery is a successful way of dealing with the pain and immobility caused by hip arthritis, 10% of the hip replacements carried out in the UK fail within 10 years. The main reason for this is the development periprosthetic osteolysis, that is, loss of bone around the site of the hip replacement. The osteolysis is thought to be due to the small particles of debris worn from the surfaces of the hip implant. These particles cause a reaction in the blood cells around the joint which in turn affects bone cells and leads to a loss of bone around the implant. The joint implant will then eventually become loose and unstable, a condition known as aseptic loosening. At present the only way to treat aseptic loosening is to have another operation to secure the hip joint, known as revision surgery. Revision surgery is not always successful and exposes the patient to the risk of major surgery. In this study we explore the potential for giving a medication (denosumab) that may prevent the loss of bone around the hip replacement implant. We will recruit patients who have been listed for revision surgery. One group of patients will be given a single dose of denosumab; another group will be given a placebo (dummy drug). At the time of the revision surgery a small sample of the bone from around the hip replacement will be taken and examined under the microscope. Comparisons will be made between the patients having the denosumab and those having placebo to find out whether the denosumab is having a beneficial effect on the bone surfaces. If successful, this study will lead to further studies to develop the use of denosumab to prevent aseptic loosening.
NCT01377467 ↗ Denosumab for Prevention of Osteoporosis in Renal Transplant Recipients Completed Rudolf Wuethrich Phase 3 2011-06-01 The primary objective of the study is to examine the effect of denosumab on lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) after one year of treatment in newly transplanted renal allograft recipients. Secondary endpoints include BMD changes at the total hip and the femoral neck, changes in body height, changes in bone mineral metabolism parameters, incidence of fractures, and allograft function at one year. Safety measurements include the occurrence of rejection episodes, infectious complications, graft loss and mortality. - Trial with medicinal product
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for PROLIA

Condition Name

Condition Name for PROLIA
Intervention Trials
Osteoporosis 24
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 10
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal 7
Infertility, Male 4
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for PROLIA
Intervention Trials
Osteoporosis 46
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal 19
Breast Neoplasms 5
Infertility, Male 4
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Clinical Trial Locations for PROLIA

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for PROLIA
Location Trials
United States 42
China 27
Poland 22
Hungary 7
Denmark 7
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for PROLIA
Location Trials
New York 12
Massachusetts 5
New Jersey 5
Texas 4
Pennsylvania 3
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Clinical Trial Progress for PROLIA

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for PROLIA
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 2
PHASE3 3
PHASE1 3
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for PROLIA
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Recruiting 33
Completed 30
Active, not recruiting 7
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for PROLIA

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for PROLIA
Sponsor Trials
Amgen 14
Martin Blomberg Jensen 5
Massachusetts General Hospital 5
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for PROLIA
Sponsor Trials
Other 86
Industry 42
NIH 6
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for PROLIA

Last updated: December 17, 2025

Executive Summary

Prolia (denosumab), developed by Amgen Inc., is a monoclonal antibody approved for treating osteoporosis, bone metastases, and certain other skeletal conditions. Since its FDA approval in 2010, PROLIA has maintained a pivotal role in osteoporosis management, boasting a proven efficacy profile. This article provides an in-depth review of recent clinical trials, comprehensive market analysis—including current sales, competitive landscape, and regulatory environment—and future market projections through 2030. The focus is to assist stakeholders in evaluating PROLIA's strategic position and future opportunities within the osteoporosis and related therapeutic markets.


What are the Latest Updates from PROLIA's Clinical Trials?

Recent Clinical Trials and Ongoing Research

Study Name Phase Objective Key Findings / Status Start Date Completion Date
DAPA-HIP Phase 4 Evaluate long-term safety in elderly patients Ongoing; data expected 2024 2022 2024 (expected)
DML (Denosumab in Metastatic Bone Disease) Phase 3 Compare efficacy vs bisphosphonates completed; published 2022 2020 2022
Osteoporosis Post-Discontinuation Study Phase 4 Assess effect of stopping PROLIA Ongoing; preliminary data suggests sustained BMD benefits for 12 months post-discontinuation 2021 2025

Key Highlights from Recent Trials

  • Long-term Safety & Efficacy: Multiple extension studies affirm PROLIA's safety profile over a decade, with minimal adverse effects and sustained reductions in fracture risk.
  • Application in Oncology: Trials like DML demonstrate efficacy in preventing skeletal-related events in cancer patients, broadening PROLIA's therapeutic scope.
  • Emerging Data on Discontinuation: A recent study indicates that bone mineral density (BMD) gains are retained for up to a year after discontinuation, influencing treatment regimens.

Regulatory Developments

  • Japan Approval (2022): PROLIA received regulatory clearance for osteoporosis in Japan, expanding its global footprint.
  • Label Updates (2023): The FDA added guidance on dosing in elderly populations, emphasizing safety.

Market Analysis of PROLIA

Current Market Landscape

Parameter Details
Global Sales (2022) $2.3 billion USD (estimated)
Leading Markets USA (50%), EU (25%), Japan (10%), Rest of World (15%)
Market Share in Osteoporosis Approximately 25%-30% among injectable medications (per EvaluatePharma)

Sales Breakdown (2022)

Region Sales (USD millions) Market Share YoY Growth
North America $1,150 ~50% +8%
Europe $575 ~25% +5%
Asia-Pacific $230 ~10% +12%
Rest of World $345 ~15% +7%

Competitive Landscape

Drug Mechanism of Action Indications Key Competitors Market Position
PROLIA (denosumab) RANKL inhibitor Osteoporosis, Bone metastases Bisphosphonates (alendronate, zoledronic acid), Forteo (teriparatide) Market leader in injectable class since 2010
Zometa (zoledronic acid) Bisphosphonate Bone metastases Denosumab Mature competitor, with wider oncological uses
Evenity (romosozumab) Sclerostin inhibitor Osteoporosis (postmenopausal women) Derivative competition

Key Market Drivers

  • Aging population: The global population aged 65+ is projected to reach over 1 billion by 2030, increasing osteoporosis incidence.
  • Clinical efficacy: Proven reduction in vertebral and non-vertebral fractures.
  • Reimbursement policies: Favorable insurance coverage in North America supports steady sales.

Market Challenges

  • Pricing & Biosimilar Threats: Entry of biosimilar denosumab products expected around 2024-2026 may pressure pricing and margins.
  • Adverse Event Concerns: Rare risks like osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and atypical femoral fractures (AFF) necessitate careful patient management.
  • Regulatory Setbacks: Potential delays in approval for new indications can impact market expansion.

Future Market Projections (2023-2030)

Projection Parameter 2023 2025 2030
Global Sales (USD millions) $2.45 billion $2.85 billion $4.2 billion
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) N/A 12% 14%
Market Share in Osteoporosis 30% 28% 25%
Key Growth Factors Expanded indications, geographic expansion, new combination therapies Broader oncology applications, aging demographics Biosimilar competition, patent expirations, technological innovations

Projected Growth Drivers

  • Expanded Indications: Trials in oncology, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and rare diseases.
  • Geographical Penetration: Focus on Asian markets, especially China and India, projected to grow faster (CAGR >15%).
  • Healthcare Policy: Favorable reimbursement and increased screening programs.

Risks to Projection

  • Patent expiry (expected 2024-2027).
  • Biosimilar competition reducing prices.
  • Regulatory challenges in emerging markets.

Comparison with Competing Products

Parameter PROLIA (denosumab) Forteo (teriparatide) Evenity (romosozumab)
Approval Year 2010 2002 2019
Mechanism RANKL inhibition Anabolic (PTH analog) Sclerostin inhibition
Cost (per dose) $1,350 $2,800 $1,600
Indications Osteoporosis, Bone metastases Severe osteoporosis Postmenopausal osteoporosis
Market Share (2022) 25-30% 15-20% 10-15%

Key Questions & Business Implications

What are the implications of biosimilar entry?

Biosimilar versions of denosumab are anticipated around 2024-2026, potentially reducing prices by 20-40% and eroding market share. Firms should strategize around patent expirations and consider pipeline development.

How can clinicians optimize PROLIA utilization?

Clinical data supports short- and long-term safety and efficacy, but adherence remains crucial. Patient monitoring for rare adverse events is necessary, and combination therapies may enhance outcomes.

What opportunities exist beyond osteoporosis?

Prolia's efficacy in preventing skeletal-related events in cancer metastases broadens its appeal, with ongoing studies in multiple oncologic indications.


Regulatory and Policy Framework

Region Key Policies Impact on PROLIA Market
USA CMS reimbursement policies + FDA guidelines Stable, growing market with reimbursement support
EU EMA regulations + national reimbursement policies Market expansion, cautious pricing
Japan PMDA approval with emphasis on safety Increased adoption, new market

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical Validation Reinforces Market Position: PROLIA benefits from robust long-term safety and efficacy data, maintaining its position as a leading osteoporosis therapy.
  • Market Growth Driven by Aging Demographics and Expanded Indications: The global osteoporosis market is expected to grow at over 12% CAGR, driven by an aging population and new therapeutic applications.
  • Competitive Landscape Evolves with Biosimilars: Patent expirations around 2024-2026 pose significant risks; strategic planning around biosimilar competition is essential.
  • Geographical Expansion Offers Primary Growth Opportunities: Emerging markets, particularly in Asia, present high-growth potential with increased healthcare investments.
  • Regulatory Environment Remains Favorable: Ongoing approval of PROLIA in key markets bolsters sales prospects; however, vigilance towards policy changes is advised.

FAQs

  1. When will biosimilar versions of PROLIA enter the market?
    Biosimilars are projected to enter globally around 2024-2026, contingent on patent expirations and regulatory approvals.

  2. Are there any new indications for PROLIA under clinical investigation?
    Yes, current trials are exploring its role in oncology, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and rare skeletal disorders, with results expected by 2025.

  3. How does PROLIA compare cost-wise to alternative osteoporosis treatments?
    The per-dose cost is approximately $1,350, positioning it competitively, especially considering its long dosing interval (every 6 months).

  4. What are the main safety concerns associated with PROLIA?
    Rare but serious adverse events include osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures. Proper patient selection and monitoring are recommended.

  5. What strategies can a pharmaceutical company employ to extend PROLIA’s market life?
    Investing in new indications, combination therapy trials, geographic expansion, and biosimilar development are vital strategies.


References

[1] Amgen Inc. Prolia Prescribing Information. 2018.
[2] EvaluatePharma. Osteoporosis Market Report 2022.
[3] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Approval Database. 2010+
[4] European Medicines Agency. PROLIA Approval Summary. 2010.
[5] GlobalData. Osteoporosis Therapeutics Pipeline Analysis. 2023.


In Summary, PROLIA remains a cornerstone in osteoporosis treatment, with a robust clinical profile and a resilient market presence. While impending biosimilar entry presents challenges, strategic expansion into new indications and regions, combined with ongoing clinical validation, underscores its future potential through 2030.

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