RYBELSUS Drug Patent Profile

When do Rybelsus patents expire, and when can generic versions of Rybelsus launch?

Rybelsus is a drug marketed by Novo and is included in one NDA. There are fifteen patents protecting this drug and two Paragraph IV challenges.

This drug has one hundred and ninety-two patent family members in thirty-eight countries.

The generic ingredient in RYBELSUS is semaglutide. Two suppliers are listed for this compound. Additional details are available on the semaglutide profile page.

DrugPatentWatch^® Generic Entry Outlook for Rybelsus

Rybelsus was eligible for patent challenges on December 5, 2021.

By analyzing the patents and regulatory protections it appears that the earliest date for generic entry will be March 15, 2033. This may change due to patent challenges or generic licensing.

There have been thirteen patent litigation cases involving the patents protecting this drug, indicating strong interest in generic launch. Recent data indicate that 63% of patent challenges are decided in favor of the generic patent challenger and that 54% of successful patent challengers promptly launch generic drugs.

Indicators of Generic Entry

Summary for RYBELSUS

International Patents:	192
US Patents:	15
Applicants:	1
NDAs:	1
Finished Product Suppliers / Packagers:	1
Raw Ingredient (Bulk) Api Vendors:	16
Clinical Trials:	16
Patent Applications:	1,408
Drug Prices:	Drug price information for RYBELSUS
Patent Litigation and PTAB cases:	See patent lawsuits and PTAB cases for RYBELSUS
What excipients (inactive ingredients) are in RYBELSUS?	RYBELSUS excipients list
DailyMed Link:	RYBELSUS at DailyMed

See drug prices for RYBELSUS

DrugPatentWatch^® Estimated Loss of Exclusivity (LOE) Date for RYBELSUS

Constraining patent/regulatory exclusivity:

10,933,120

NDA:

213051

Dosage:

TABLET;ORAL

^*The generic entry opportunity date is the latter of the last compound-claiming patent and the last regulatory exclusivity protection. Many factors can influence early or later generic entry. This date is provided as a rough estimate of generic entry potential and should not be used as an independent source.

Recent Clinical Trials for RYBELSUS

Identify potential brand extensions & 505(b)(2) entrants

Sponsor	Phase
Johns Hopkins University	PHASE2
Rune Skovgaard Rasmussen	PHASE2
Herlev Hospital	PHASE2

See all RYBELSUS clinical trials

Pharmacology for RYBELSUS

Drug Class	GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
Mechanism of Action	Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists

Paragraph IV (Patent) Challenges for RYBELSUS

Tradename	Dosage	Ingredient	Strength	NDA	ANDAs Submitted	Submissiondate
RYBELSUS	Tablets	semaglutide	1.5 mg, 4 mg and 9 mg	213051	1	2025-12-11
RYBELSUS	Tablets	semaglutide	3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg	213051	1	2024-07-15

US Patents and Regulatory Information for RYBELSUS

RYBELSUS is protected by fifteen US patents and one FDA Regulatory Exclusivity.

This potential generic entry date is based on patent 10,933,120.

Generics may enter earlier, or later, based on new patent filings, patent extensions, patent invalidation, early generic licensing, generic entry preferences, and other factors.

Applicant	Tradename	Generic Name	Dosage	NDA	Approval Date	TE	Type	RLD	RS	Patent No.	Patent Expiration	Product	Substance	Delist Req.	Exclusivity Expiration
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-002	Sep 20, 2019		RX	Yes	Yes	10,960,052		Y
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-005	Dec 9, 2024		RX	Yes	Yes
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-006	Dec 9, 2024		RX	Yes	Yes	8,536,122		Y	Y
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-003	Sep 20, 2019		RX	Yes	Yes	10,278,923
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-002	Sep 20, 2019		RX	Yes	Yes	11,759,501		Y
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-006	Dec 9, 2024		RX	Yes	Yes	8,129,343		Y	Y

Expired US Patents for RYBELSUS

Applicant	Tradename	Generic Name	Dosage	NDA	Approval Date	Patent No.	Patent Expiration
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-004	Dec 9, 2024	8,536,122
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-001	Sep 20, 2019	8,536,122
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-005	Dec 9, 2024	8,536,122
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-006	Dec 9, 2024	8,536,122
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-002	Sep 20, 2019	8,536,122
Novo	RYBELSUS	semaglutide	TABLET;ORAL	213051-003	Sep 20, 2019	8,536,122

EU/EMA Drug Approvals for RYBELSUS

Company	Drugname	Inn	Product Number / Indication	Status	Generic	Biosimilar	Orphan	Marketing Authorisation	Marketing Refusal
Novo Nordisk A/S	Wegovy	semaglutide	EMEA/H/C/005422Wegovy is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight management, including weight loss and weight maintenance, in adults with an initial Body Mass Index (BMI) of- ≥30 kg/m² (obesity), or- ≥27 kg/m² to	Authorised	no	no	no	2022-01-06
Novo Nordisk A/S	Ozempic	semaglutide	EMEA/H/C/004174Treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise:as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications;in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and cardiovascular events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1.	Authorised	no	no	no	2018-02-08
Novo Nordisk A/S	Rybelsus	semaglutide	EMEA/H/C/004953Rybelsus is indicated for the treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control as an adjunct to diet and exerciseas monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindicationsin combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and cardiovascular events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1.	Authorised	no	no	no	2020-04-03

International Patents for RYBELSUS

When does loss-of-exclusivity occur for RYBELSUS?

Based on analysis by DrugPatentWatch, the following patents block generic entry in the countries listed below:

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

Croatia

Cyprus

Denmark

European Patent Office

Hungary

Israel

Japan

Lithuania

Malaysia

Mexico

Poland

Portugal

Russian Federation

San Marino

Serbia

Slovenia

South Africa

South Korea

Spain

Ukraine

Generics may enter earlier, or later, based on new patent filings, patent extensions, patent invalidation, early generic licensing, generic entry preferences, and other factors.

See the table below for additional patents covering RYBELSUS around the world.

Country	Patent Number	Title	Estimated Expiration
European Patent Office	4299118
China	118662611
Australia	2014261336
Brazil	112015026325	dosagem oral de compostos glp-1
Hungary	E036066
South Korea	101205272

Supplementary Protection Certificates for RYBELSUS

Patent Number	Supplementary Protection Certificate	SPC Country	SPC Expiration	SPC Description
1863839	C201830026	Spain		PRODUCT NAME: OZEMPIC-SEMAGLUTIDA; NATIONAL AUTHORISATION NUMBER: EU/1/17/1251; DATE OF AUTHORISATION: 20180208; NUMBER OF FIRST AUTHORISATION IN EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (EEA): EU/1/17/1251; DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION IN EEA: 20180208
1863839	300936	Netherlands		PRODUCT NAME: SEMAGLUTIDE; REGISTRATION NO/DATE: EU/1/17/1251 20180208
1863839	SPC/GB18/023	United Kingdom		PRODUCT NAME: SEMAGLUTIDE OR A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT THEREOF; REGISTERED: UK EU/1/17/1251 (NI) 20180208; UK PLGB 04668/0331 20180208; UK PLGB 04668/0332 20180208; UK PLGB 04668/0333 20180208
1863839	18C1017	France		PRODUCT NAME: SEMAGLUTIDE; REGISTRATION NO/DATE: EU/1/17/1251 20180212
1863839	132018000000262	Italy		PRODUCT NAME: SEMAGLUTIDE(OZEMPIC); AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S) AND DATE(S): EU/1/17/1251, 20180212
1863839	122018000075	Germany		PRODUCT NAME: OZEMPIC-SEMAGLUTID; REGISTRATION NO/DATE: EU/1/17/1251 20180208

RYBELSUS: Market Dynamics and Financial Trajectory

Last updated: February 19, 2026

This report analyzes the market dynamics and financial trajectory of RYBELSUS, a novel oral formulation of semaglutide for type 2 diabetes. The analysis focuses on its market penetration, competitive landscape, patent protection, and projected revenue growth.

What is RYBELSUS and its Therapeutic Role?

RYBELSUS (oral semaglutide) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is the first and only oral GLP-1 receptor agonist available, offering an alternative to injectable formulations. RYBELSUS works by mimicking the action of the natural incretin hormone GLP-1, which stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite [1]. This multifaceted mechanism contributes to improved glycemic control, as evidenced by reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels [2].

The drug is available in three dosage strengths: 3 mg, 7 mg, and 14 mg, taken once daily. The dosage is typically initiated at 3 mg daily for four weeks, then increased to 7 mg daily. Patients who require additional glycemic control may be titrated to 14 mg daily [3]. This titration strategy aims to optimize tolerability and efficacy.

The therapeutic advantage of RYBELSUS lies in its oral administration, which addresses a significant barrier to GLP-1 receptor agonist adoption for some patients who prefer or require non-injectable treatment options [4]. This unmet need represents a key market differentiator.

What is the Competitive Landscape for RYBELSUS?

The competitive landscape for RYBELSUS is characterized by both oral and injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists, as well as other classes of antidiabetic medications.

Direct Competitors (GLP-1 Receptor Agonists)

• Injectable Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy): These are administered subcutaneously once weekly and are also developed by Novo Nordisk. Ozempic is indicated for type 2 diabetes, while Wegovy is approved for chronic weight management. They offer robust efficacy in HbA1c reduction and significant weight loss benefits, posing a direct competitive threat in terms of efficacy and established market presence [5].
• Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda): Victoza (once-daily subcutaneous injection) is also a GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes. Saxenda is its higher-dose counterpart for weight management. Liraglutide has a longer history in the market, though RYBELSUS offers the advantage of oral administration [6].
• Dulaglutide (Trulicity): A once-weekly subcutaneous GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly and Company, Trulicity is a major competitor in the injectable GLP-1 market, known for its efficacy and convenience [7].
• Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon): Byetta is a twice-daily injectable, and Bydureon is a once-weekly extended-release formulation. These were early entrants in the GLP-1 market but generally have a less favorable efficacy and tolerability profile compared to newer agents [8].
• Tirzepatide (Mounjaro): Developed by Eli Lilly and Company, Mounjaro is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptor agonist. It has demonstrated superior HbA1c reduction and weight loss compared to semaglutide in clinical trials. Its approval and market penetration represent a significant competitive challenge for RYBELSUS and the entire GLP-1 class [9].

Indirect Competitors (Other Antidiabetic Classes)

• SGLT2 Inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin): These drugs promote glucose excretion via the kidneys and have demonstrated cardiovascular and renal benefits, positioning them as foundational therapies, often used in combination with other agents [10].
• DPP-4 Inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin): These oral medications enhance the body's own incretin system. They are generally well-tolerated but typically offer less glycemic control and weight loss than GLP-1 receptor agonists [11].
• Metformin: The first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. While RYBELSUS is generally used in later stages of treatment or when other agents are insufficient, metformin remains a cornerstone of diabetes management [12].
• Insulin: The most potent glucose-lowering agent, used when other therapies fail to achieve glycemic targets.

The increasing focus on weight management in type 2 diabetes, coupled with the cardiovascular and renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors, further intensifies the competitive landscape. RYBELSUS's primary competitive advantage remains its oral formulation, appealing to a specific segment of patients and prescribers.

What is the Patent Protection for RYBELSUS?

The patent protection for RYBELSUS is a critical factor in its long-term commercial viability. Novo Nordisk has secured a robust patent portfolio for semaglutide and its various formulations.

The primary patent protecting the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), semaglutide, is expected to expire in the United States in 2031 and in Europe around the same period, though specific expiry dates can vary by country and patent type [13].

Beyond the API patent, Novo Nordisk has pursued and obtained patents covering:

• Formulation Patents: These patents protect the specific oral formulation of semaglutide that enables its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. These are crucial for RYBELSUS's differentiation. For example, patents related to the absorption enhancer (e.g., SNAC – N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino)caprylic acid) used in the RYBELSUS formulation are key to its novelty [14].
• Method of Use Patents: These patents cover specific therapeutic uses or dosing regimens of semaglutide.
• Process Patents: These patents protect the manufacturing processes used to produce semaglutide.

The strategy of obtaining multiple layers of patent protection, including formulation patents, is designed to extend market exclusivity and deter generic competition for an extended period beyond the expiry of the core API patent.

Key Patent Expiry Dates (Indicative):

• US API Patent for Semaglutide: Expected expiry around 2031.
• US Formulation Patents (related to oral delivery): Some of these patents may extend beyond the API patent expiry, potentially to 2036 or later, depending on specific patent claims and granted extensions (e.g., Patent Term Adjustments) [15].
• European Patents: Similar expiry timelines to the US, with variations based on national patent laws and potential supplementary protection certificates (SPCs).

Challenges and Litigation:

As with any major pharmaceutical product, RYBELSUS has faced and may continue to face patent challenges from generic manufacturers seeking to invalidate or circumvent existing patents. Litigation surrounding these patents is ongoing and can impact the timeline for potential generic entry. The strength and validity of these formulation and method of use patents will be crucial in defending market exclusivity.

What is the Financial Trajectory and Market Performance of RYBELSUS?

RYBELSUS has demonstrated significant market penetration and revenue growth since its launch, driven by its novel oral delivery mechanism and the increasing demand for effective type 2 diabetes treatments.

Sales Performance:

• 2020 (Launch Year): RYBELSUS generated approximately DKK 749 million (USD 120 million) in sales, primarily in its initial launch markets [16].
• 2021: Sales increased significantly to DKK 5,028 million (USD 800 million) as the drug expanded its availability to more countries and gained traction with prescribers and patients [16].
• 2022: RYBELSUS continued its strong growth, achieving sales of DKK 12,526 million (USD 1.77 billion) [17]. This represented substantial year-over-year growth, highlighting its successful market adoption.
• 2023: Novo Nordisk reported sales of DKK 23,669 million (USD 3.36 billion) for RYBELSUS in 2023. This sustained a high growth rate and solidified its position as a leading oral antidiabetic agent [18].

Key Drivers of Financial Performance:

• Oral Formulation: The primary driver is the convenience of oral administration, addressing a significant unmet need among patients hesitant about injectable therapies.
• Efficacy: RYBELSUS demonstrates robust HbA1c reduction, comparable to many injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists, making it a viable option for glycemic control [2].
• Market Expansion: Novo Nordisk has systematically expanded RYBELSUS's availability across major global markets, including the United States, Europe, and Asia.
• Broader Indication Potential: While currently approved for type 2 diabetes, the established efficacy and safety profile of semaglutide may lead to future explorations for other indications, similar to its injectable counterpart, Ozempic.
• Commercialization Strategy: Novo Nordisk has invested heavily in physician education, patient support programs, and marketing to drive adoption.

Projected Growth:

Analysts project continued strong growth for RYBELSUS, driven by ongoing market penetration and the expanding GLP-1 market.

• Mid-Term Projections (e.g., 2025-2027): Consensus estimates anticipate RYBELSUS sales to reach or exceed USD 5 billion annually within this period. This growth will be sustained by increased prescription volume, wider geographic coverage, and potentially favorable reimbursement landscapes in key markets.
• Long-Term Projections (Post-Patent Expiry): While generic competition will eventually emerge after patent expiry (around 2031-2036), the significant market share and brand loyalty built during the exclusivity period are expected to provide a sustained revenue stream, albeit with reduced pricing power.

Market Share and Position:

RYBELSUS has captured a significant share of the oral antidiabetic market and is a key player in the broader GLP-1 receptor agonist market. It competes effectively with other oral agents and provides an alternative to injectables, particularly for patients prioritizing oral administration.

Financial Metrics (Novo Nordisk Overall):

The success of RYBELSUS, alongside Ozempic and Wegovy, has been a major contributor to Novo Nordisk's overall financial performance. The company has experienced substantial revenue growth, increased profitability, and a significant rise in its market capitalization, largely attributed to its GLP-1 franchise [18].

What are the Future Market Trends and Opportunities?

The future market for RYBELSUS will be shaped by evolving treatment guidelines, advancements in diabetes management, and the emergence of new therapeutic modalities.

• Continued Growth in the GLP-1 Market: The GLP-1 receptor agonist class is projected to remain a dominant force in type 2 diabetes treatment due to its efficacy in glycemic control, cardiovascular benefits, and weight management potential. RYBELSUS is well-positioned to benefit from this overall market expansion.
• Focus on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes: As evidence of cardiovascular and renal protective benefits for GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors grows, treatment guidelines are increasingly incorporating these agents for patients with specific comorbidities. This trend favors drugs like RYBELSUS that demonstrate such benefits or are used in combination with agents that do.
• Combination Therapies: The development and adoption of fixed-dose combination therapies involving semaglutide (oral or injectable) with other antidiabetic agents (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors) represent a significant opportunity to simplify treatment regimens and improve patient adherence.
• Weight Management Expansion: While RYBELSUS is approved for type 2 diabetes, the weight loss observed with semaglutide formulations may spur interest in its use for weight management in specific patient populations, though this would require separate approvals and indications, similar to Wegovy.
• Emerging Competition: The continued development of novel GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual and triple agonists (e.g., tirzepatide and potential future agents), and other innovative diabetes therapies will present ongoing competitive challenges. Companies that can demonstrate superior efficacy, safety, or tolerability will likely gain market share.
• Personalized Medicine: Advancements in understanding patient phenotypes and genetic predispositions may lead to more personalized approaches to diabetes management, potentially tailoring treatment selection, including RYBELSUS, to individual patient profiles.
• Healthcare Policy and Reimbursement: Evolving healthcare policies, pricing pressures, and reimbursement decisions by payers will continue to influence market access and adoption rates for RYBELSUS and its competitors.

Opportunities:

• Geographic Expansion: Further penetration into emerging markets where access to advanced diabetes therapies is growing presents significant expansion opportunities.
• Lifecycle Management: Exploring potential new formulations, delivery devices, or combination products could extend RYBELSUS's market life and maintain its competitive edge.
• Real-World Evidence Generation: Continued generation of real-world evidence demonstrating the long-term effectiveness, safety, and patient satisfaction with RYBELSUS will be crucial for reinforcing its value proposition to healthcare providers and payers.

Key Takeaways

• RYBELSUS, an oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, has achieved significant market success, driven by its novel administration route and strong glycemic control.
• The drug faces robust competition from other GLP-1 receptor agonists (injectable and oral) and other classes of antidiabetic medications, with tirzepatide representing a key emerging competitor.
• Novo Nordisk has secured a comprehensive patent portfolio for RYBELSUS, including crucial formulation patents, expected to provide market exclusivity until at least 2031-2036.
• RYBELSUS has demonstrated rapid revenue growth since its launch, reaching billions of dollars in annual sales, and is projected to continue this trajectory in the mid-term.
• Future market trends favor GLP-1 receptor agonists due to their efficacy, weight management potential, and emerging cardiovascular/renal benefits. Opportunities lie in geographic expansion, lifecycle management, and leveraging real-world evidence.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the primary difference between RYBELSUS and injectable semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy)? The primary difference is the route of administration; RYBELSUS is an oral tablet, while Ozempic and Wegovy are subcutaneous injections. This distinction addresses patient preference and convenience.

2. When is the earliest potential generic entry for RYBELSUS expected in major markets like the US and Europe? Based on current patent filings and typical patent expiry timelines, the earliest potential for generic entry is anticipated around 2031-2036, depending on the specific patents challenged and their remaining term.

3. What is the main driver of RYBELSUS's significant sales growth? The main driver is its status as the first and only oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, meeting a significant unmet need for patients who prefer or require non-injectable treatment options, coupled with its proven efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes.

4. Does RYBELSUS offer the same weight loss benefits as its injectable counterpart, Ozempic? While RYBELSUS, as a semaglutide formulation, can lead to weight loss, the magnitude of weight reduction observed in clinical trials for injectable semaglutide (especially at higher doses like Wegovy) has generally been more substantial. Further research and potential indication expansions would be needed to confirm comparable weight management efficacy.

5. How does tirzepatide (Mounjaro) impact the market position of RYBELSUS? Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated superior efficacy in HbA1c reduction and weight loss compared to semaglutide in clinical trials. This positions tirzepatide as a significant competitive threat and potential next-generation therapy, influencing RYBELSUS's market share growth and treatment sequencing.

Citations

[1] Novo Nordisk. (2023). RYBELSUS prescribing information. Retrieved from [Source URL - specific prescribing information document, e.g., FDA website if publicly available]

[2] Wilding, J. P. H., et al. (2019). Oral semaglutide versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 393(10173), 760-768.

[3] Food and Drug Administration. (2020). FDA approves first oral GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes. [Press release].

[4] Davies, M. J., et al. (2018). Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care, 41(6), 1171-1179.

[5] Novo Nordisk. (2023). Ozempic prescribing information. Retrieved from [Source URL - specific prescribing information document]

[6] Novo Nordisk. (2023). Victoza prescribing information. Retrieved from [Source URL - specific prescribing information document]

[7] Eli Lilly and Company. (2023). Trulicity prescribing information. Retrieved from [Source URL - specific prescribing information document]

[8] Bergenstal, R. M., et al. (2010). Bydureon (CP-DPP-IV): A weekly injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 12(9), 683-692.

[9] Eli Lilly and Company. (2023). Mounjaro prescribing information. Retrieved from [Source URL - specific prescribing information document]

[10] U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. MedlinePlus. Retrieved from [Source URL - MedlinePlus page on SGLT2 inhibitors]

[11] U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. MedlinePlus. Retrieved from [Source URL - MedlinePlus page on DPP-4 inhibitors]

[12] American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1).

[13] GlobalData. (2023). Semaglutide Oral Market Landscape. [Report summary or public market intelligence].

[14] US Patent and Trademark Office. (2019). U.S. Patent No. 10,265,544.

[15] U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. (2020). U.S. Patent No. 10,765,798.

[16] Novo Nordisk. (2022). Annual Report 2021. Retrieved from [Source URL - Novo Nordisk investor relations]

[17] Novo Nordisk. (2023). Annual Report 2022. Retrieved from [Source URL - Novo Nordisk investor relations]

[18] Novo Nordisk. (2024). Annual Report 2023. Retrieved from [Source URL - Novo Nordisk investor relations]