Last Updated: May 10, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR ALPROSTADIL


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All Clinical Trials for alprostadil

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00248209 ↗ Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD) and Wellbutrin XL Completed GlaxoSmithKline Phase 2/Phase 3 2004-05-01 A recently completed multi-site double-blind placebo-controlled study found that bupropion (Wellbutrin XL) increased female orgasmic function in a group of pre-menopausal women with a diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether bupropion will improve orgasmic function in pre-menopausal women with a primary complaint of idiopathic orgasmic disorder who do not have hypoactive sexual desire disorder. This will be a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double blind study of women with a diagnosis of female orgasm disorder. During a baseline visit, psychiatric, medical, alcohol and drug, and sexual histories will be obtained. Patients who continue to meet screening inclusion/exclusion criteria at their baseline visit will be randomly assigned to either placebo or bupropion XL for 8 weeks. A flexible dosing paradigm will be used. Sexual desire and activity will be assessed by patient diaries, investigator interview of sexual functioning every two weeks, and by standardized questionnaire every four weeks. The primary endpoint will be the increase in orgasm completion as measured by the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-F (CSFQ-F). Secondary endpoints will be changes in sexual arousal, sexual desire, and sexual pleasure as assessed by the CSFQ-F.
NCT00248209 ↗ Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD) and Wellbutrin XL Completed Segraves, R., T., M.D., Ph.D. Phase 2/Phase 3 2004-05-01 A recently completed multi-site double-blind placebo-controlled study found that bupropion (Wellbutrin XL) increased female orgasmic function in a group of pre-menopausal women with a diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether bupropion will improve orgasmic function in pre-menopausal women with a primary complaint of idiopathic orgasmic disorder who do not have hypoactive sexual desire disorder. This will be a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double blind study of women with a diagnosis of female orgasm disorder. During a baseline visit, psychiatric, medical, alcohol and drug, and sexual histories will be obtained. Patients who continue to meet screening inclusion/exclusion criteria at their baseline visit will be randomly assigned to either placebo or bupropion XL for 8 weeks. A flexible dosing paradigm will be used. Sexual desire and activity will be assessed by patient diaries, investigator interview of sexual functioning every two weeks, and by standardized questionnaire every four weeks. The primary endpoint will be the increase in orgasm completion as measured by the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-F (CSFQ-F). Secondary endpoints will be changes in sexual arousal, sexual desire, and sexual pleasure as assessed by the CSFQ-F.
NCT00314548 ↗ Inhaled Prostacyclin for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Pulmonary Hypertension Completed Medical Research Council, Pakistan N/A 2006-05-01 Summary of the proposed research: The intravenous application of prostacyclin (PGE1) or its stable analogue, iloprost, has been used to cause a decrease not only of the pulmonary but also of the systemic vascular tone. Aerosolized prostacyclin, on the other hand, can result in a selective pulmonary vasodilatation without affecting the systemic blood pressure as shown in preliminary studies/case reports. No large trials exist for this type of use of the drug so far. Furthermore, aerosolized PGI2 can improve gas exchange and pulmonary shunt in clinical settings of impaired ventilation/perfusion ratio as it occurs in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to the redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from non-ventilated to ventilated, aerosol accessible lung regions. Therefore, the investigators propose to carry out a prospective, double blinded, randomized trial to show that the nebulized iloprost decreases pulmonary hypertension selectively and improves oxygenation in ARDS.
NCT00314548 ↗ Inhaled Prostacyclin for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Pulmonary Hypertension Completed Aga Khan University N/A 2006-05-01 Summary of the proposed research: The intravenous application of prostacyclin (PGE1) or its stable analogue, iloprost, has been used to cause a decrease not only of the pulmonary but also of the systemic vascular tone. Aerosolized prostacyclin, on the other hand, can result in a selective pulmonary vasodilatation without affecting the systemic blood pressure as shown in preliminary studies/case reports. No large trials exist for this type of use of the drug so far. Furthermore, aerosolized PGI2 can improve gas exchange and pulmonary shunt in clinical settings of impaired ventilation/perfusion ratio as it occurs in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to the redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from non-ventilated to ventilated, aerosol accessible lung regions. Therefore, the investigators propose to carry out a prospective, double blinded, randomized trial to show that the nebulized iloprost decreases pulmonary hypertension selectively and improves oxygenation in ARDS.
NCT00324948 ↗ Topical Alprostadil for Female Sexual Arousal Disorder Completed VIVUS, Inc. Phase 2 2004-09-01 Approximately 300 patients with female sexual arousal disorder who meet eligibility criteria will be enrolled and randomized to receive either active drug or matching placebo. After a two-month, non-treatment period, patients will receive study drug for 6 months and will record information about sexual encounters in a daily diary. Study drug will be applied directly to the genital area 30-60 minutes before initiation of sexual activity. The endpoint of the study is based on the use of a standard measure of sexual function (FSEP).
NCT00507286 ↗ Efficacy and Safety Study of Combined Oral and Injection Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction Unknown status Keogh Institute for Medical Research N/A 2007-05-01 Erectile dysfunction (ED or impotence) is a common medical condition affecting many men world wide. The most commonly used treatment for ED are oral medications like Viagra (sildenafil), Levitra (vardenafil) and Cialis (tadalafil). If these are not effective the use of an injection into the penis (intracavernosal injection or ICI) is necessary. However in some men neither of these therapies is successful. Hypothesis: An adequate erection may be achieved in men with difficult-to-treat erectile dysfunction, when they are treated with a therapy of combination of tablet and penile injection, when a single treatment therapy has failed for these men. Aim of the study is to test the safety and efficacy of a combination of Viagra and Caverjet Impulse in a group of men who had failed to achieve an adequate response to the maximum recommended dose of either Viagra, Cialis or Levitra and Caverjet Impulse, when these treatments were used alone. 20 men with difficult to treat ED will be given oral medication, intracavernosal therapy or the combination in a single-blind randomised study. Informed consent will be signed prior to any study procedures being carried out. All participants are 'blinded' to their study treatments. Participants who have satisfactory response to any of the tablets or penile injections, will be excluded from the study.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for alprostadil

Condition Name

Condition Name for alprostadil
Intervention Trials
Erectile Dysfunction 5
ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 2
Pulmonary Hypertension 2
Drug-induced Liver Injury,Chronic 2
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for alprostadil
Intervention Trials
Erectile Dysfunction 8
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 3
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological 3
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn 3
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Clinical Trial Locations for alprostadil

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for alprostadil
Location Trials
United States 21
China 12
Egypt 3
Austria 2
Canada 2
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for alprostadil
Location Trials
California 5
Ohio 4
Michigan 2
Maryland 1
Pennsylvania 1
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Clinical Trial Progress for alprostadil

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for alprostadil
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE2 1
Phase 4 10
Phase 3 4
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for alprostadil
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 12
Not yet recruiting 10
Unknown status 8
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for alprostadil

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for alprostadil
Sponsor Trials
Assiut University 3
Beijing 302 Hospital 3
Cairo University 3
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for alprostadil
Sponsor Trials
Other 40
Industry 13
NIH 1
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Alprostadil Market Analysis and Financial Projection

Last updated: February 17, 2026

What is the current status of ALPROSTADIL in clinical trials?

ALPROSTADIL, known commercially as prostaglandin E1, is predominantly used in treating erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Market development involves ongoing clinical trials to expand indications, improve formulations, and evaluate safety profiles.

Recent developments include:

  • Pulmonary Hypertension (PAH): Several Phase III trials (2018-2022) evaluated inhaled ALPROSTADIL for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Trials demonstrated significant improvements in pulmonary vascular resistance and exercise capacity. Regulatory filings are underway based on these results.
  • Erectile Dysfunction: Trials continue to compare ALPROSTADIL injections and intraurethral suppositories. Results from recent Phase IV studies confirm long-term safety and efficacy, leading to expanded labeling in some regions.
  • New Formulations: Research explores sustained-release injectables and nanoparticle delivery systems to enhance convenience and reduce injection frequency.

What is the market landscape for ALPROSTADIL?

The global ALPROSTADIL market primarily targets pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The market is characterized by:

  • Market Size: Estimated at approximately $600 million in 2022; expected to reach $1 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6% (Research, 2022).
  • Key Players:
    • United Therapeutics
    • Pfizer
    • Actelion (Johnson & Johnson)
    • GSK
  • Market Drivers:
    • Increase in PAH diagnoses
    • Expanding treatment guidelines endorsing ALPROSTADIL-based therapies
    • Growing elderly population with ED
  • Market Challenges:
    • Administration route (injectable/intraurethral) limits patient compliance
    • Competition from oral alternatives (e.g., sildenafil) and newer vasodilators
    • Regulatory hurdles in some regions

What are the projections for ALPROSTADIL's future market penetration?

Forecasts highlight gradual expansion driven by clinical validation of new formulations and expanded indications:

  • 2023-2025: Establishment of inhaled ALPROSTADIL as a standard treatment option for PAH. Commercial uptake closely linked to regulatory approvals.
  • 2025-2030: Introduction of sustained-release injectables and inhalation formulations increases patient acceptability. Potential approval for new indications such as systemic vasodilation in critical care.
  • Market Penetration Estimates:
    • PAH treatment market share could increase from 25% to 40% as new formulations gain acceptance.
    • Edging into chronic heart failure management could broaden the internal utilization pool.

What regulatory and patent landscapes influence ALPROSTADIL development?

  • Regulatory Status:

    • Approved as an injectable and intraurethral formulation in the U.S., Europe, and Japan.
    • Pending approvals for inhaled forms based on recent trials.
  • Patent Situation:

    • Original patents expired in major markets by 2020.
    • Companies develop new delivery systems, which are often protected by new patents, extending exclusivity.
    • Patent challenges and generic manufacturing are on the rise, potentially impacting price.

What R&D pipelines and collaborations are shaping future offerings?

Several companies are investing in next-generation formulations and combination therapies. Notable developments:

  • GKN Therapeutics: Developing a nanoemulsion inhalation delivery system to improve bioavailability.
  • Pfizer: Exploring combination therapies with PDE5 inhibitors to enhance efficacy in ED.
  • Joint Initiatives: Partnerships between biotech firms and academic institutions to study ALPROSTADIL in systemic vasodilation for conditions like septic shock.

Key Takeaways

  • ALPROSTADIL continues to secure its role in PAH therapy, with ongoing clinical trials validating inhaled and sustained-release formulations.
  • The global market is projected to grow steadily, driven by increasing PAH diagnoses and improved formulations.
  • Challenges include competition from oral drugs and regulatory delays; patents and exclusivity rights influence market dynamics.
  • Future growth depends on regulatory approvals for new formulations, expanded indications, and enhanced delivery methods.
  • Investment and R&D focus on improving patient compliance and expanding therapeutic applications.

FAQs

1. What are the main indications for ALPROSTADIL?
Primarily used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension and erectile dysfunction.

2. How does inhaled ALPROSTADIL compare with injectable forms?
Inhaled forms offer non-invasive delivery with comparable efficacy, improving patient compliance.

3. Are there any new formulations in development?
Yes, sustained-release injectables and nanoparticle inhalation systems are in clinical or preclinical stages.

4. What are major market barriers?
Route of administration limiting patient acceptance, competition from oral medications, and regulatory approval complexities.

5. Will ALPROSTADIL’s market grow significantly?
Yes, driven by clinical validation of new formulations, expanding indications, and increased diagnosis rates.

References

  1. GlobalData. (2022). Pulmonary Hypertension Drugs Market Analysis.
  2. FDA. (2022). Approved Pulmonary Vasodilators.
  3. PubMed. (2021). Advances in ALPROSTADIL Delivery Systems.
  4. MarketWatch. (2022). Erectile Dysfunction Therapeutics Market Trends.
  5. Johnson & Johnson. (2021). Patent Portfolio for ALPROSTADIL.

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