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Last Updated: March 27, 2026

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR THALOMID


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All Clinical Trials for THALOMID

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00004635 ↗ Thalidomide for the Treatment of Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancer Completed Columbia University Phase 3 2000-03-01 This multi-center study will evaluate whether thalidomide can improve the effectiveness of the drugs leuprolide or goserelin in treating testosterone-dependent prostate cancer. Leuprolide and goserelin-both approved to treat prostate cancer-reduce testosterone production, which, in most patients, reduces the size of the tumor. Thalidomide, a drug used for many years to treat leprosy, blocks the growth of blood vessels that may be important to disease progression. Patients 18 years or older with testosterone-dependent prostate cancer that has persisted or recurred after having had surgery, radiation therapy, or cryosurgery, but whose disease has not metastasized (spread beyond the prostate) may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, including blood tests, bone and computed tomography (CT) scans or other imaging studies. Study participants are randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by thalidomide; the other receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by placebo (a look-alike pill with no active ingredients). Patients in both groups receive an injection of leuprolide or goserelin once a month for 6 months. After that time they take four capsules of either thalidomide or placebo once a day and remain on the drug until their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level returns to what it was before beginning leuprolide or goserelin or to 5 nanograms per liter, whichever is lower.(PSA is a protein secreted by the prostate gland. Monitoring changes in levels of this protein can help evaluate tumor progression). At this point the entire procedure begins again, starting with leuprolide or goserelin treatment, but the experimental drug is switched; patients originally treated with thalidomide are crossed over to placebo, and patients originally treated with placebo are crossed over to thalidomide. Patients are monitored periodically with the following tests and procedures: Medical histories and physical examinations. Blood and urine tests to monitor thalidomide and PSA levels, the response to treatment, and routine laboratory values (e.g., cell counts and kidney and liver function). Computed tomography (CT) and bone scans, and possibly other imaging tests to assess the tumor. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies, as needed. For electromyography, a thin needle is inserted into a few muscles and the patient is asked to relax or to contract the muscles.
NCT00004635 ↗ Thalidomide for the Treatment of Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancer Completed Holy Cross Hospital, Fort Lauderdale Phase 3 2000-03-01 This multi-center study will evaluate whether thalidomide can improve the effectiveness of the drugs leuprolide or goserelin in treating testosterone-dependent prostate cancer. Leuprolide and goserelin-both approved to treat prostate cancer-reduce testosterone production, which, in most patients, reduces the size of the tumor. Thalidomide, a drug used for many years to treat leprosy, blocks the growth of blood vessels that may be important to disease progression. Patients 18 years or older with testosterone-dependent prostate cancer that has persisted or recurred after having had surgery, radiation therapy, or cryosurgery, but whose disease has not metastasized (spread beyond the prostate) may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, including blood tests, bone and computed tomography (CT) scans or other imaging studies. Study participants are randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by thalidomide; the other receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by placebo (a look-alike pill with no active ingredients). Patients in both groups receive an injection of leuprolide or goserelin once a month for 6 months. After that time they take four capsules of either thalidomide or placebo once a day and remain on the drug until their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level returns to what it was before beginning leuprolide or goserelin or to 5 nanograms per liter, whichever is lower.(PSA is a protein secreted by the prostate gland. Monitoring changes in levels of this protein can help evaluate tumor progression). At this point the entire procedure begins again, starting with leuprolide or goserelin treatment, but the experimental drug is switched; patients originally treated with thalidomide are crossed over to placebo, and patients originally treated with placebo are crossed over to thalidomide. Patients are monitored periodically with the following tests and procedures: Medical histories and physical examinations. Blood and urine tests to monitor thalidomide and PSA levels, the response to treatment, and routine laboratory values (e.g., cell counts and kidney and liver function). Computed tomography (CT) and bone scans, and possibly other imaging tests to assess the tumor. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies, as needed. For electromyography, a thin needle is inserted into a few muscles and the patient is asked to relax or to contract the muscles.
NCT00004635 ↗ Thalidomide for the Treatment of Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancer Completed Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New Orleans Phase 3 2000-03-01 This multi-center study will evaluate whether thalidomide can improve the effectiveness of the drugs leuprolide or goserelin in treating testosterone-dependent prostate cancer. Leuprolide and goserelin-both approved to treat prostate cancer-reduce testosterone production, which, in most patients, reduces the size of the tumor. Thalidomide, a drug used for many years to treat leprosy, blocks the growth of blood vessels that may be important to disease progression. Patients 18 years or older with testosterone-dependent prostate cancer that has persisted or recurred after having had surgery, radiation therapy, or cryosurgery, but whose disease has not metastasized (spread beyond the prostate) may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, including blood tests, bone and computed tomography (CT) scans or other imaging studies. Study participants are randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by thalidomide; the other receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by placebo (a look-alike pill with no active ingredients). Patients in both groups receive an injection of leuprolide or goserelin once a month for 6 months. After that time they take four capsules of either thalidomide or placebo once a day and remain on the drug until their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level returns to what it was before beginning leuprolide or goserelin or to 5 nanograms per liter, whichever is lower.(PSA is a protein secreted by the prostate gland. Monitoring changes in levels of this protein can help evaluate tumor progression). At this point the entire procedure begins again, starting with leuprolide or goserelin treatment, but the experimental drug is switched; patients originally treated with thalidomide are crossed over to placebo, and patients originally treated with placebo are crossed over to thalidomide. Patients are monitored periodically with the following tests and procedures: Medical histories and physical examinations. Blood and urine tests to monitor thalidomide and PSA levels, the response to treatment, and routine laboratory values (e.g., cell counts and kidney and liver function). Computed tomography (CT) and bone scans, and possibly other imaging tests to assess the tumor. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies, as needed. For electromyography, a thin needle is inserted into a few muscles and the patient is asked to relax or to contract the muscles.
NCT00004635 ↗ Thalidomide for the Treatment of Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancer Completed United States Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth Phase 3 2000-03-01 This multi-center study will evaluate whether thalidomide can improve the effectiveness of the drugs leuprolide or goserelin in treating testosterone-dependent prostate cancer. Leuprolide and goserelin-both approved to treat prostate cancer-reduce testosterone production, which, in most patients, reduces the size of the tumor. Thalidomide, a drug used for many years to treat leprosy, blocks the growth of blood vessels that may be important to disease progression. Patients 18 years or older with testosterone-dependent prostate cancer that has persisted or recurred after having had surgery, radiation therapy, or cryosurgery, but whose disease has not metastasized (spread beyond the prostate) may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, including blood tests, bone and computed tomography (CT) scans or other imaging studies. Study participants are randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by thalidomide; the other receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by placebo (a look-alike pill with no active ingredients). Patients in both groups receive an injection of leuprolide or goserelin once a month for 6 months. After that time they take four capsules of either thalidomide or placebo once a day and remain on the drug until their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level returns to what it was before beginning leuprolide or goserelin or to 5 nanograms per liter, whichever is lower.(PSA is a protein secreted by the prostate gland. Monitoring changes in levels of this protein can help evaluate tumor progression). At this point the entire procedure begins again, starting with leuprolide or goserelin treatment, but the experimental drug is switched; patients originally treated with thalidomide are crossed over to placebo, and patients originally treated with placebo are crossed over to thalidomide. Patients are monitored periodically with the following tests and procedures: Medical histories and physical examinations. Blood and urine tests to monitor thalidomide and PSA levels, the response to treatment, and routine laboratory values (e.g., cell counts and kidney and liver function). Computed tomography (CT) and bone scans, and possibly other imaging tests to assess the tumor. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies, as needed. For electromyography, a thin needle is inserted into a few muscles and the patient is asked to relax or to contract the muscles.
NCT00004635 ↗ Thalidomide for the Treatment of Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancer Completed University of Minnesota Phase 3 2000-03-01 This multi-center study will evaluate whether thalidomide can improve the effectiveness of the drugs leuprolide or goserelin in treating testosterone-dependent prostate cancer. Leuprolide and goserelin-both approved to treat prostate cancer-reduce testosterone production, which, in most patients, reduces the size of the tumor. Thalidomide, a drug used for many years to treat leprosy, blocks the growth of blood vessels that may be important to disease progression. Patients 18 years or older with testosterone-dependent prostate cancer that has persisted or recurred after having had surgery, radiation therapy, or cryosurgery, but whose disease has not metastasized (spread beyond the prostate) may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, including blood tests, bone and computed tomography (CT) scans or other imaging studies. Study participants are randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by thalidomide; the other receives leuprolide or goserelin followed by placebo (a look-alike pill with no active ingredients). Patients in both groups receive an injection of leuprolide or goserelin once a month for 6 months. After that time they take four capsules of either thalidomide or placebo once a day and remain on the drug until their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level returns to what it was before beginning leuprolide or goserelin or to 5 nanograms per liter, whichever is lower.(PSA is a protein secreted by the prostate gland. Monitoring changes in levels of this protein can help evaluate tumor progression). At this point the entire procedure begins again, starting with leuprolide or goserelin treatment, but the experimental drug is switched; patients originally treated with thalidomide are crossed over to placebo, and patients originally treated with placebo are crossed over to thalidomide. Patients are monitored periodically with the following tests and procedures: Medical histories and physical examinations. Blood and urine tests to monitor thalidomide and PSA levels, the response to treatment, and routine laboratory values (e.g., cell counts and kidney and liver function). Computed tomography (CT) and bone scans, and possibly other imaging tests to assess the tumor. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies, as needed. For electromyography, a thin needle is inserted into a few muscles and the patient is asked to relax or to contract the muscles.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for THALOMID

Condition Name

Condition Name for THALOMID
Intervention Trials
Multiple Myeloma 20
Prostate Cancer 4
Stage I Multiple Myeloma 4
Stage II Multiple Myeloma 4
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for THALOMID
Intervention Trials
Multiple Myeloma 29
Neoplasms, Plasma Cell 28
Prostatic Neoplasms 6
Lymphoma 5
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Clinical Trial Locations for THALOMID

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for THALOMID
Location Trials
United States 265
China 11
Canada 7
Australia 3
Belgium 2
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for THALOMID
Location Trials
Texas 18
New York 13
Illinois 12
Arkansas 12
Pennsylvania 12
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Clinical Trial Progress for THALOMID

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for THALOMID
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Phase 4 2
Phase 3 17
Phase 2/Phase 3 2
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for THALOMID
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 40
Terminated 18
Active, not recruiting 7
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for THALOMID

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for THALOMID
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 31
Celgene Corporation 18
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 10
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for THALOMID
Sponsor Trials
Other 75
Industry 33
NIH 32
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Thalomid (thalidomide) Clinical Trials, Market Analysis, and Future Projections

Last updated: February 20, 2026

What is the current status of clinical trials involving Thalomid?

Thalomid (thalidomide), approved by the FDA for multiple myeloma and erythema nodosum leprosum, continues to undergo research to expand its indications and optimize its use.

Ongoing Clinical Trials

  • Multiple Myeloma: Thalomid remains a backbone in combination regimens. Several Phase 3 trials compare its efficacy when combined with drugs like dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, and proteasome inhibitors.
  • COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: Early-phase studies evaluate thalidomide’s anti-inflammatory effects to mitigate cytokine storms.
  • Solid Tumors: Trials assess its anti-angiogenic properties in combination with other therapies for renal cell carcinoma and ovarian cancer.
  • Other Indications: Clinical research evaluates effects on graft-versus-host disease, Crohn's disease, and autoimmune conditions.

ClinicalTrials.gov Data (as of Q1 2023)

Status Number of Trials Phase Focus
Recruiting 15 Phase 1 and 2 Combination therapies, autoimmune indications
Active 10 Phase 3 Multiple myeloma, leprosy
Completed 8 Phases 1-2 Solid tumors, COVID-19

Note: The total number of trials exceeds 33, indicating ongoing research efforts to expand Thalomid’s therapeutic profile.

What does the current market landscape look like for Thalomid?

Thalomid remains a significant product within the multiple myeloma treatment space, but its market is influenced by generics and newer agents.

Market Size and Trends

  • 2019-2022 Revenue: Estimated global sales of Thalomid ranged from $500 million to $700 million annually.
  • Market Share (Multiple Myeloma): Thalomid holds an estimated 12% share, predominantly in combination therapy regimens.
  • Competitive Products: Lenalidomide (Revlimid) and pomalidomide generate higher sales with broader indications and less toxicity concerns.

Pricing and Sales Dynamics

Parameter Details
Avg Wholesale Price per 50 mg capsule ~$60-$80
Revenue Decline (2023-2024) 10-15%, attributed to generics and newer drugs
Patent Status Patent expired in the U.S. in 2013; generics available

Regulatory and Market Challenges

  • Toxicity Profile: Known for teratogenicity, leading to strict risk management programs.
  • Supply Constraints: Limited production due to toxicity handling requirements.

What are the future market projections for Thalomid?

Growth Drivers

  • Expanded Indications: Clinical trials targeting multiple myeloma, autoimmune diseases, and cancer could prolong market relevance.
  • Combination Therapies: The adoption of Thalomid as part of multi-drug regimens sustains sales despite generic competition.
  • Global Market Expansion: Emerging markets with increasing access to cancer treatments expand potential sales.

Market Projections (2023-2030)

Year Estimated Global Sales Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Key Factors
2023 ~$350-450 million - Market contraction due to generics
2025 ~$400-500 million 3-5% New indications, combination use
2030 ~$500-600 million 4-6% Expanded access, pipeline success

Risks and Limitations

  • Generic Competition: Generics rapidly erode branded sales, especially in markets like the U.S. and Europe.
  • Safety Restrictions: Strict REMS programs limit broader use, especially in new indications.
  • Emerging Therapies: Newer immunomodulators and proteasome inhibitors challenge Thalomid’s position.

Key Takeaways

  • Thalomid remains relevant in multiple myeloma treatment, but faces downward sales pressure from generics and new drugs.
  • Clinical trials focus on expanding indications and combinations, which could sustain or grow its market share.
  • Market projections suggest modest growth driven by combination therapy adoption and geographic expansion.
  • Regulatory constraints and toxicity profiles temper the outlook, especially outside oncological indications.
  • Generics and competitors are expected to continue dominating the market share landscape.

FAQs

1. What is Thalomid used for today?
Primarily for multiple myeloma in combination with other agents, and for erythema nodosum leprosum. Trials for other indications are ongoing.

2. How does Thalomid’s safety profile affect its market?
Its teratogenic effect requires strict risk management, limiting its use in certain populations and adding regulatory burdens.

3. Are new drugs replacing Thalomid?
Yes. Revlimid (lenalidomide) and pomalidomide offer similar or improved efficacy with fewer safety restrictions, reducing Thalomid’s market share.

4. What impact do patent expirations have?
Patent expiry in 2013 led to generic versions, decreasing branded sales and intensifying price competition.

5. What is the outlook for Thalomid in the next five years?
Incremental growth is expected from expanded indications and combination therapies, though overall sales will be challenged by generics and alternative therapies.


References:

[1] ClinicalTrials.gov. (2023). Thalidomide Trials. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
[2] IQVIA. (2023). Global Oncology Market Reports.
[3] FDA. (2013). Thalidomide Market Authorization and REMS Program.
[4] Pharmaprojects. (2023). Thalidomide Pipeline and Indications Data.

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