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Last Updated: December 12, 2025

CLINICAL TRIALS PROFILE FOR DEXAMETHASONE


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505(b)(2) Clinical Trials for DEXAMETHASONE

This table shows clinical trials for potential 505(b)(2) applications. See the next table for all clinical trials
Trial Type Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
New Combination NCT00116961 ↗ Velcade, Doxil, and Dexamethasone (VDd) as First Line Therapy for Multiple Myeloma Completed University of Michigan Cancer Center Phase 2 2005-06-01 This is a research study for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma remains a non-curable disease however, newer medications and their combinations appear to provide higher response rates and higher complete response rates than current treatment options. One of the new medications in multiple myeloma is Velcade. Preliminary results from a study using a combination of Velcade with Doxil have shown high response rates (disease reduction). Preliminary results also show that an addition of dexamethasone to Velcade in patients not responding to Velcade alone showed improved response rates. This study involves treatment with a new combination of three standard medications: Velcade, Doxil, and dexamethasone (VDd combination). The proposed combination of all three drugs may improve efficacy and response. Velcade is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment in multiple myeloma patients who have received at least two prior therapies and have demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy. Velcade is still currently under investigation for other indications. Doxil is not approved for use in multiple myeloma but is an approved drug for use in patients with some other cancers. Several published clinical trials provide evidence that Doxil is an active agent in multiple myeloma and it is used in treatment combinations for multiple myeloma in general practice. Dexamethasone is a standard therapy for multiple myeloma, but is not approved by the FDA for that use. The combination of all three drugs is experimental (not FDA approved). The goals of this study are to determine if this new combination therapy with Velcade, Doxil and dexamethasone is an effective treatment and also to determine the side effects that occur when this combination treatment is given.
New Combination NCT00116961 ↗ Velcade, Doxil, and Dexamethasone (VDd) as First Line Therapy for Multiple Myeloma Completed University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center Phase 2 2005-06-01 This is a research study for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma remains a non-curable disease however, newer medications and their combinations appear to provide higher response rates and higher complete response rates than current treatment options. One of the new medications in multiple myeloma is Velcade. Preliminary results from a study using a combination of Velcade with Doxil have shown high response rates (disease reduction). Preliminary results also show that an addition of dexamethasone to Velcade in patients not responding to Velcade alone showed improved response rates. This study involves treatment with a new combination of three standard medications: Velcade, Doxil, and dexamethasone (VDd combination). The proposed combination of all three drugs may improve efficacy and response. Velcade is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment in multiple myeloma patients who have received at least two prior therapies and have demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy. Velcade is still currently under investigation for other indications. Doxil is not approved for use in multiple myeloma but is an approved drug for use in patients with some other cancers. Several published clinical trials provide evidence that Doxil is an active agent in multiple myeloma and it is used in treatment combinations for multiple myeloma in general practice. Dexamethasone is a standard therapy for multiple myeloma, but is not approved by the FDA for that use. The combination of all three drugs is experimental (not FDA approved). The goals of this study are to determine if this new combination therapy with Velcade, Doxil and dexamethasone is an effective treatment and also to determine the side effects that occur when this combination treatment is given.
New Combination NCT00135187 ↗ Study of Combination Therapy With VELCADE, Doxil, and Dexamethasone (VDd) in Multiple Myeloma Completed University of Michigan Cancer Center N/A 2004-07-01 Patients are being asked to take part in this research study because they have multiple myeloma which has relapsed after (come back), or is refractory to (unaffected by), initial therapy. For patients who have relapsed or are refractory to therapy, there is no agreed upon standard treatment. Treatment options include chemotherapy and, for some patients, bone marrow transplants. None of the available treatments are curative and investigators are continually looking for more effective treatments. This study involves treatment with a new combination of standard drugs: VELCADE, Doxil, and Dexamethasone. Preliminary results from a study using a combination of VELCADE with Doxil showed high response rates (disease reduction). Two other studies showed that an addition of Dexamethasone to VELCADE in patients not responding to VELCADE alone improved response rate. The proposed combination of all three drugs may improve efficacy and response. VELCADE is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in multiple myeloma. Doxil is not approved for use in multiple myeloma but is an approved drug for use in patients with some other cancers. Several published clinical trials provide evidence that Doxil is an active agent in multiple myeloma and it is used in treatment combinations for multiple myeloma in general practice. Dexamethasone is approved for use in multiple myeloma. The combination of all three drugs is experimental (not FDA approved). The goals of this study are to determine if this new combination therapy with VELCADE, Doxil and Dexamethasone is an effective treatment, and also to determine the side effects that occur when this combination treatment is given.
New Combination NCT00135187 ↗ Study of Combination Therapy With VELCADE, Doxil, and Dexamethasone (VDd) in Multiple Myeloma Completed University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center N/A 2004-07-01 Patients are being asked to take part in this research study because they have multiple myeloma which has relapsed after (come back), or is refractory to (unaffected by), initial therapy. For patients who have relapsed or are refractory to therapy, there is no agreed upon standard treatment. Treatment options include chemotherapy and, for some patients, bone marrow transplants. None of the available treatments are curative and investigators are continually looking for more effective treatments. This study involves treatment with a new combination of standard drugs: VELCADE, Doxil, and Dexamethasone. Preliminary results from a study using a combination of VELCADE with Doxil showed high response rates (disease reduction). Two other studies showed that an addition of Dexamethasone to VELCADE in patients not responding to VELCADE alone improved response rate. The proposed combination of all three drugs may improve efficacy and response. VELCADE is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in multiple myeloma. Doxil is not approved for use in multiple myeloma but is an approved drug for use in patients with some other cancers. Several published clinical trials provide evidence that Doxil is an active agent in multiple myeloma and it is used in treatment combinations for multiple myeloma in general practice. Dexamethasone is approved for use in multiple myeloma. The combination of all three drugs is experimental (not FDA approved). The goals of this study are to determine if this new combination therapy with VELCADE, Doxil and Dexamethasone is an effective treatment, and also to determine the side effects that occur when this combination treatment is given.
>Trial Type >Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

All Clinical Trials for DEXAMETHASONE

Trial ID Title Status Sponsor Phase Start Date Summary
NCT00000563 ↗ Prevention of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome With Antenatal Steroid Administration Completed National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Phase 3 1976-06-01 To determine the effect of corticosteroids, administered 24 to 48 hours before parturition, on the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and to determine whether the therapy has any adverse short- or long-term (up to 36 months) effects on the infant. Secondarily, to determine whether the therapy has any adverse short-term effects on the mother and to determine whether morbidity rates for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome as well as total and cause-specific infant mortality rates differ between mothers who received antenatal steroids and those who received conventional medical care.
NCT00000621 ↗ Feasibility of Retinoic Acid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE) Completed National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Phase 2 1999-09-01 To conduct feasibility studies on the use of retinoids in the treatment of emphysema. Specific objectives are to identify optimal patient populations, retinoids, doses, dosing schedules, routes of administration, and outcome measures preparatory to conducting a larger, controlled, clinical trial on the efficacy of retinoid therapy in the management of emphysema.
NCT00000658 ↗ A Phase III Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Versus Standard-Dose mBACOD Chemotherapy With rGM-CSF for Treatment of AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Completed Schering-Plough Phase 3 1969-12-31 To determine the impact of dose intensity on tumor response and survival in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for developing intermediate and high-grade NHL. While combination chemotherapy for aggressive B-cell NHL in the absence of immunodeficiency is highly effective, the outcome of therapy for patients with AIDS-associated NHL has been disappointing. Treatment is frequently complicated by the occurrence of multiple opportunistic infections, as well as the presence of poor bone marrow reserve, making the administration of standard doses of chemotherapy difficult. A recent study was completed using a low-dose modification of the standard mBACOD (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, dexamethasone, methotrexate ) treatment. A 46 percent response rate was observed in patients treated with this combination of chemotherapeutic agents, with a number of durable remissions and reduced toxicity when compared to previous experience with more standard treatments. A subsequent study showed similar effectiveness using a lower dose of methotrexate administered on day 15. It is hoped that the use of sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF) will improve bone marrow function and allow for administration of a higher dose of chemotherapy.
NCT00000658 ↗ A Phase III Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Versus Standard-Dose mBACOD Chemotherapy With rGM-CSF for Treatment of AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Completed National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Phase 3 1969-12-31 To determine the impact of dose intensity on tumor response and survival in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for developing intermediate and high-grade NHL. While combination chemotherapy for aggressive B-cell NHL in the absence of immunodeficiency is highly effective, the outcome of therapy for patients with AIDS-associated NHL has been disappointing. Treatment is frequently complicated by the occurrence of multiple opportunistic infections, as well as the presence of poor bone marrow reserve, making the administration of standard doses of chemotherapy difficult. A recent study was completed using a low-dose modification of the standard mBACOD (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, dexamethasone, methotrexate ) treatment. A 46 percent response rate was observed in patients treated with this combination of chemotherapeutic agents, with a number of durable remissions and reduced toxicity when compared to previous experience with more standard treatments. A subsequent study showed similar effectiveness using a lower dose of methotrexate administered on day 15. It is hoped that the use of sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF) will improve bone marrow function and allow for administration of a higher dose of chemotherapy.
>Trial ID >Title >Status >Phase >Start Date >Summary

Clinical Trial Conditions for DEXAMETHASONE

Condition Name

Condition Name for DEXAMETHASONE
Intervention Trials
Multiple Myeloma 670
Leukemia 93
Lymphoma 89
Postoperative Pain 85
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Condition MeSH

Condition MeSH for DEXAMETHASONE
Intervention Trials
Multiple Myeloma 977
Neoplasms, Plasma Cell 884
Lymphoma 291
Leukemia 269
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Clinical Trial Locations for DEXAMETHASONE

Trials by Country

Trials by Country for DEXAMETHASONE
Location Trials
Canada 836
Russian Federation 96
India 95
Switzerland 95
Sweden 94
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Trials by US State

Trials by US State for DEXAMETHASONE
Location Trials
New York 475
Texas 471
California 451
Massachusetts 339
Florida 324
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Clinical Trial Progress for DEXAMETHASONE

Clinical Trial Phase

Clinical Trial Phase for DEXAMETHASONE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
PHASE4 81
PHASE3 55
PHASE2 98
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Clinical Trial Status

Clinical Trial Status for DEXAMETHASONE
Clinical Trial Phase Trials
Completed 1455
Recruiting 843
Not yet recruiting 336
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Clinical Trial Sponsors for DEXAMETHASONE

Sponsor Name

Sponsor Name for DEXAMETHASONE
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 334
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 138
Celgene Corporation 124
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Sponsor Type

Sponsor Type for DEXAMETHASONE
Sponsor Trials
Other 4563
Industry 1684
NIH 404
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Clinical Trials Update, Market Analysis, and Projection for Dexamethasone

Last updated: October 28, 2025

Introduction

Dexamethasone, a potent synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties, has longstanding clinical applications across various medical disciplines, including endocrinology, oncology, and infectious diseases. Its prominence surged globally due to its emergent role in managing severe COVID-19 cases, wherein it demonstrated mortality reduction in critically ill patients. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent clinical trial developments, current market dynamics, and future outlooks, empowering stakeholders with data-driven insights.


Clinical Trials Update

Recent Clinical Trial Landscape

Over the past two years, the clinical evaluation of dexamethasone has expanded significantly, primarily driven by its role in treating severe COVID-19. Multiple ongoing and completed trials explore its efficacy across various indications, dosage regimens, and patient populations.

  • COVID-19 Management:
    The RECOVERY trial, a landmark study, established dexamethasone's mortality benefit in hospitalized patients requiring oxygen or ventilatory support (RECOVERY Collaborative Group, 2020). Building on this, several Phase III and IV trials have evaluated optimal dosing, duration, and combination therapies, such as with remdesivir or monoclonal antibodies. For instance, the “Dexamethasone in COVID-19 (DEXCOVID)” trial examined prolonged therapy durations, emphasizing safety profiles and adverse effects.

  • Oncology Applications:
    Dexamethasone remains pivotal in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea, cerebral edema, and multiple myeloma. Recent trials investigate its synergy with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, aiming to improve efficacy and reduce adverse events.

  • Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders:
    Trials evaluating low-dose dexamethasone for long-term management of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, continue to refine dosing protocols, enhance safety, and assess quality-of-life outcomes.

Emerging Indications and Innovative Approaches

Research is underway into novel uses, including in neurodegenerative diseases, given its anti-inflammatory effects, and as an adjunct in various infectious conditions beyond COVID-19. Notably, several trials are assessing its potential neuroprotective benefits following traumatic brain injuries, with early-phase studies indicating promising safety profiles.

Regulatory and Safety Considerations

The evolving trial data reinforce the importance of context-specific use. The COVID-19 trials primarily emphasize short-term, high-dose regimens, whereas long-term use in chronic conditions demands vigilant monitoring for glucocorticoid-related adverse effects such as hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and susceptibility to infection.


Market Analysis

Market Size and Historical Growth

The global dexamethasone market was valued at approximately USD 500 million in 2021, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 6% projected through 2027. The surge in demand during the pandemic temporarily inflated sales, reflecting its central role in managing severe COVID-19 (MarketWatch, 2022).

Market Segment Drivers

  • COVID-19 Therapeutics:
    The initial widespread adoption driven by the RECOVERY trial catalyzed a paradigm shift in corticosteroid use in viral pneumonias, establishing dexamethasone as a standard of care. This segment remains a significant revenue driver, especially given ongoing trial data supporting its efficacy in treating severe respiratory illnesses.

  • Oncology and Hematology:
    Continued expansion of dexamethasone’s role in combination therapies for multiple myeloma and leukemia sustains steady growth. Its utility in managing treatment-related side effects enhances the overall market demand.

  • Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders:
    An aging population with increasing prevalence of autoimmune diseases sustains long-term demand for dexamethasone, although competition from other corticosteroids and biologics influences market dynamics.

Manufacturing and Supply Chain Landscape

Major pharmaceutical companies, including Merck, Pfizer, and Teva, manufacture dexamethasone, ensuring broad availability. Patent expirations in several regions have facilitated generic production, enhancing affordability and market penetration, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Regulatory Trends and Market Challenges

Regulatory authorities, such as the FDA and EMA, continue to endorse dexamethasone for approved indications. However, safety concerns necessitate strict guidelines, and off-label uses warrant ongoing scrutiny. Market challenges include corticosteroid resistance, side-effect management, and competition from newer immunosuppressants and biologics.


Market Projections

Future Outlook and Growth Opportunities

  • Post-Pandemic Recovery:
    While COVID-19 drove a temporary market expansion, the core applications, especially in oncology and autoimmune diseases, promise sustained growth. The global increase in chronic disease prevalence and aging demographics underpin this trend.

  • Emerging Markets:
    Adoption in emerging economies will accelerate owing to increasing healthcare infrastructure, generic manufacturing, and expanded indications.

  • Innovative Formulations:
    Development of targeted delivery systems, such as inhalable or long-acting formulations, are projected to open new pathways, enhance patient compliance, and reduce systemic side effects.

  • Combination Therapies and Precision Medicine:
    Integration with biologics and targeted therapies, personalized dosing protocols, and biomarker-driven patient stratification will optimize therapeutic outcomes, further expanding dexamethasone's utilization.

Forecasted Market Expansion

By 2027, the dexamethasone market is expected to surpass USD 700 million globally, driven predominantly by oncology, autoimmune disorders, and respiratory indications. The COVID-19-associated segment is projected to stabilize but remain significant, accounting for approximately 30-40% of total sales.


Key Takeaways

  1. Clinical validation remains robust:
    Dexamethasone's role in managing severe COVID-19 has been cemented through extensive clinical trials, prompting further research into optimal dosing and safety profiles.

  2. Market consolidation and generic proliferation:
    Patent expirations have spurred generic manufacturing, expanding access and fostering competitive pricing, particularly in developing regions.

  3. Growing applications in oncology and autoimmune diseases:
    As research uncovers new uses and combination therapies, demand in these sectors is poised for steady growth.

  4. Regulatory vigilance and safety profile management:
    Strict regulatory oversight on side effects and off-label use demands ongoing pharmacovigilance and adherence to evolving guidelines.

  5. Innovation will drive future growth:
    Novel formulations and personalized treatment strategies present significant opportunity to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the primary indications driving dexamethasone's current market demand?
The core indications include COVID-19 management for severe cases, oncology (especially multiple myeloma and chemotherapy-induced nausea), and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

2. How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the global dexamethasone market?
Pandemic-driven demand resulted in a temporary surge, establishing dexamethasone as a first-line treatment in severe COVID-19. Post-pandemic, demand is stabilizing but remains significant due to ongoing research and emerging indications.

3. Are there safety concerns associated with dexamethasone use that impact market growth?
Yes. Long-term and high-dose use can induce side effects like hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and immunosuppression. Regulatory agencies emphasize cautious application, but these do not significantly impede overall market growth.

4. What are the emerging trends in dexamethasone formulation and delivery?
Research focuses on inhalable forms, sustained-release formulations, and targeted delivery systems to improve efficacy and reduce systemic side effects.

5. What is the outlook for dexamethasone in developing countries?
Market expansion is expected due to increasing healthcare access, generic manufacturing, and expanding indications, making dexamethasone more accessible and affordable in these regions.


References

[1] RECOVERY Collaborative Group. "Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19." New England Journal of Medicine, 2020.
[2] MarketWatch. "Global Dexamethasone Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis," 2022.
[3] Smith, J. et al. "Advances in Dexamethasone Formulations," Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021.
[4] World Health Organization. "Guidelines for Corticosteroid Use," 2022.

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