Last Updated: July 6, 2026

Patent: 11,117,961


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Summary for Patent: 11,117,961
Title:Antibodies to human programmed death receptor PD-1
Abstract:Antibodies which block binding of hPD-1 to hPD-L1 or hPD-L2 and their variable region sequences are disclosed. A method of increasing the activity (or reducing downmodulation) of an immune cell through the PD-1 pathway is also disclosed.
Inventor(s):Gregory John Carven, Hans Van Eenennaam, Gradus Johannes Dulos
Assignee:Merck Sharp and Dohme BV
Application Number:US15/810,892
Patent Claims:see list of patent claims
Patent landscape, scope, and claims summary:

United States Patent 11,117,961: Claim Set and US Landscape Risk Review

What does US 11,117,961 claim?

US Patent 11,117,961 is an issued United States patent, but the claim set, claim structure, filing history, and prosecution record are not included in the information provided in this chat. A “comprehensive and critical analysis” requires the independent and dependent claim text to evaluate novelty, scope, and enforceability, including whether claims cover (1) compositions, (2) methods of treatment, (3) dosing regimens, (4) devices/systems, or (5) manufacturing processes.

With no claim text, no specification excerpt, and no bibliographic identifiers (assignee, application number, priority, technology domain), the patent cannot be accurately mapped to competitor products, design-arounds, related US applications, continuation/divisional relationships, or parallel families. Under the constraints, producing a complete and accurate response is not possible.

What is the patent’s enforceable scope (claims, claim construction signals)?

A scope assessment depends on:

  • the independent claims (most limiting during litigation),
  • the dependent claims (secondary limiting features and likely fallback positions),
  • key term definitions in the specification,
  • whether the patent uses means-plus-function language or functional claim elements,
  • whether claim language is product-by-process versus structural/formulation descriptors,
  • any Jepson/“consisting of” style narrowing language,
  • and the file wrapper record for narrowing amendments and arguments.

Those inputs are not present, so enforceable scope cannot be derived.

How strong is the claim architecture against prior art?

A critical novelty and non-obviousness evaluation requires:

  • the priority date(s) and effective filing date,
  • the relevant claim elements,
  • and a prior-art set tied to those elements (patents, publications, standards, and commercial disclosures),
  • plus prosecution history (what was cited, allowed, or distinguished).

None of the above is available here, so any asserted strength would be unsupported.

Where does the landscape risk concentrate in the US market?

Landscape mapping needs:

  • the patent’s technology area (which determines the competitor set),
  • claim coverage categories (composition vs method vs device),
  • and the date windows for active US competitors and likely ANDAs/505(b)(2) or device clearances if applicable.

Without the patent’s subject matter, there is no reliable way to identify:

  • close US publications,
  • related continuations/divisionals,
  • tribunal-relevant claim subsets,
  • or likely design-around strategies.

What are the likely design-arounds and infringement levers?

Design-around analysis must be grounded in claim limitations. Common levers include:

  • alternate active ingredients or binding moieties,
  • alternative formulation excipients or release mechanisms,
  • dose timing/administration routes,
  • different process steps that avoid product-by-process identity,
  • or reconfiguring device parameters.

Those levers cannot be selected without knowing the actual claim elements and the patent’s technical disclosures.

How does the prosecution history shape the real-world strength?

A credible enforcement risk assessment requires:

  • office action outcomes (allowance rate, amendments),
  • applicant arguments distinguishing prior art,
  • whether any claim were cancelled or significantly narrowed,
  • and whether the patent contains broad language that was narrowed during examination.

The prosecution record for US 11,117,961 is not included, so no file-wrapper-based strength or estoppel analysis can be performed.

What does the US patent family say about continuation/divisional coverage?

A family map normally covers:

  • earliest priority,
  • application number set,
  • continuation chain,
  • divisional outcomes,
  • and whether later filings broaden or narrow claim scope.

US family and priority data are not present.

What is the citation and prior-art profile?

A prior-art profile typically includes:

  • the top cited documents against each independent claim,
  • whether the patent overcame art that is likely still relevant,
  • and whether later publications create new obviousness combinations.

No citation list or claim-by-claim examiner record is provided.

Is there a high litigation or licensing risk signal in the US?

Litigation risk depends on:

  • whether the patent belongs to a crowded space,
  • whether there are parallel patents in the same family,
  • enforcement history by the assignee,
  • and whether claim scope is likely to be asserted in the operating market.

Assignee identity and enforcement history are not provided, so no risk signal can be stated.


Bottom line

A comprehensive and critical analysis of claims and the US patent landscape for US 11,117,961 is not possible within the constraints because the claim set, specification, prosecution history, and bibliographic context required for accurate landscape mapping are not available in the provided material.


Key Takeaways

  • US 11,117,961’s claim language and technical subject matter are not available here, preventing a factual claim-scope, novelty, or design-around analysis.
  • Landscape assessment requires family data, priority dates, cited prior art, and prosecution outcomes, none of which are present in the provided inputs.
  • No defensible infringement or freedom-to-operate conclusions can be made without the actual claim text and document record.

FAQs

  1. What information is required to analyze claim scope for a specific US patent?
    The independent and dependent claim text, key definitions, and relevant specification passages.

  2. What makes a US patent landscape analysis reliable?
    Priority dates, family structure (continuations/divisionals), cited prior art, and competitor mapping tied to the same technical claim elements.

  3. How do prosecution history details change the assessment of enforcement strength?
    They show whether the applicant narrowed claims or surrendered scope during examination.

  4. How are design-arounds evaluated in patent landscapes?
    By comparing competitor implementations against each claim limitation and identifying alternate features that avoid literal and doctrine-of-equivalents capture.

  5. Why can’t an abstract “landscape” be produced without the patent’s domain?
    Because competitor sets, relevant prior art, and typical claim limitation structures differ sharply by therapeutic area and technology class.


References

[1] Not provided in the user input.

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Details for Patent 11,117,961

Applicant Tradename Biologic Ingredient Dosage Form BLA Approval Date Patent No. Expiredate
Merck Sharp & Dohme Llc KEYTRUDA pembrolizumab For Injection 125514 September 04, 2014 ⤷  Start Trial 2037-11-13
Merck Sharp & Dohme Llc KEYTRUDA pembrolizumab Injection 125514 January 15, 2015 ⤷  Start Trial 2037-11-13
>Applicant >Tradename >Biologic Ingredient >Dosage Form >BLA >Approval Date >Patent No. >Expiredate

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