Claims for Patent: 8,383,655

Summary for Patent: 8,383,655

Title:	Modulators of pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutics
Abstract:	The present application provides for a compound of Formula I, ##STR00001## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, compositions containing such compounds, therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, and therapeutic methods and include the administration of such compounds with at least one additional therapeutic agent.
Inventor(s):	Desai; Manoj C. (Pleasant Hill, CA), Hong; Allen Yu (Pasadena, CA), Liu; Hongtao (Cupertino, CA), Vivian; Randall W. (San Mateo, CA), Xu; Lianhong (Palo Alto, CA)
Assignee:	Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Foster City, CA)
Application Number:	13/103,970
Patent Claims:	1. A method for improving the pharmacokinetics of a drug which is metabolized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, comprising administering to a patient treated with the drug a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula IID, ##STR00231## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, L.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O.sub.2)--, --N(R.sup.7)--C(O)--, and --O--C(O)--; each L.sup.3 is independently a covalent bond, alkylene, or substituted alkylene; each L.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, alkylene, substituted alkylene, --O--, --CH.sub.2--O--, and --NH--; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl, with the proviso that when A is H, p is 0; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently --O-- or --N(R.sup.7)--; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl; each Ar is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, arylalkyl, and substituted arylalkyl; R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, substituted arylheteroalkyl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, substituted heterocyclylalkyl, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)--OH, -alkylene-C(O)--Oalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)amino, and -alkylene-C(O)-alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, and heteroalkyl; each R.sup.7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl, substituted carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, halogen, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl, and --CN; and each p is independently 0 or 1. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: L.sup.1 is --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--; each L.sup.3 is alkylene; each A is aryl or substituted aryl; X and Y are each heterocyclylalkyl; Z.sup.1 is --N(R.sup.7)--; and Z.sup.2 is --O--. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a combination comprising the drug and the compound of Formula IID or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula IID is administered to the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is: ##STR00232## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the drug metabolized by cytochrome P450 is an HIV protease inhibiting compound, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitor, gp41 inhibitor, CXCR4 inhibitor, gp120 inhibitor, CCRS inhibitor, capsid polymerization inhibitor, other drug for treating HIV, interferon, ribavirin, taribavirin, NS3 protease inhibitor, alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitor, hepatoprotectant, non-nucleoside inhibitor of HCV, NS5a inhibitor, NS5b polymerase inhibitor, other drug for treating HCV, or a mixture thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the drug and the compound or salt thereof is administered as a single composition to the patient. 7. A method for increasing blood plasma levels of a drug which is metabolized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, comprising administering to a patient treated with the drug a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula IID, ##STR00233## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, L.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O.sub.2)--, --N(R.sup.7)--C(O)--, and --O--C(O)--; each L.sup.3 is independently a covalent bond, alkylene, or substituted alkylene; each L.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, alkylene, substituted alkylene, --O--, --CH.sub.2--O--, and --NH--; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl, with the proviso that when A is H, p is 0; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently --O-- or --N(R.sup.7)--; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl; each Ar is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, arylalkyl, and substituted arylalkyl; R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, substituted arylheteroalkyl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, substituted heterocyclylalkyl, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)--OH, -alkylene-C(O)--Oalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)amino, and -alkylene-C(O)-alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, and heteroalkyl; each R.sup.7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl, substituted carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, halogen, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl, and --CN; and each p is independently 0 or 1. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein: L.sup.1 is --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--; each L.sup.3 is alkylene; each A is aryl or substituted aryl; X and Y are each heterocyclylalkyl; Z.sup.1 is --N(R.sup.7)--; and Z.sup.2 is --O--. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a combination comprising the drug and the compound of Formula IID or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula IID is administered to the patient. 10. A method for inhibiting cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in a patient, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an amount a compound of formula IID, ##STR00234## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, effective to inhibit cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, wherein, L.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O.sub.2)--, --N(R.sup.7)--C(O)--, and --O--C(O)--; each L.sup.3 is independently a covalent bond, alkylene, or substituted alkylene; each L.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, alkylene, substituted alkylene, --O--, --CH.sub.2--O--, and --NH--; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl, with the proviso that when A is H, p is 0; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently --O-- or --N(R.sup.7)--; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl; each Ar is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, arylalkyl, and substituted arylalkyl; R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, substituted arylheteroalkyl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heterocyclyl alkyl, substituted heterocyclylalkyl, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)--OH, -alkylene-C(O)--Oalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)amino, and -alkylene-C(O)-alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, and heteroalkyl; each R.sup.7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl, substituted carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, halogen, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl, and --CN; and each p is independently 0 or 1. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein: L.sup.1 is --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--; each L.sup.3 is alkylene; each A is aryl or substituted aryl; X and Y are each heterocyclylalkyl; Z.sup.1 is --N(R.sup.7)--; and Z.sup.2 is --O--. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the compound is: ##STR00235## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 13. A method for treating an HIV infection comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula IID, ##STR00236## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, L.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O.sub.2)--, --N(R.sup.7)--C(O)--, and --O--C(O)--; each L.sup.3 is independently a covalent bond, alkylene, or substituted alkylene; each L.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, alkylene, substituted alkylene, --O--, --CH.sub.2--O--, and --NH--; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl, with the proviso that when A is H, p is 0; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently --O-- or --N(R.sup.7)--; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl; each Ar is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, arylalkyl, and substituted arylalkyl; R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, substituted arylheteroalkyl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, substituted heterocyclylalkyl, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)--OH, -alkylene-C(O)--Oalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)amino, and -alkylene-C(O)-alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, and heteroalkyl; each R.sup.7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl, substituted carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, halogen, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl, and --CN; and each p is independently 0 or 1, in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibiting compounds, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, other drugs for treating HIV, and mixtures thereof. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein: L.sup.1 is --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--; each L.sup.3 is alkylene; each A is aryl or substituted aryl; X and Y are each heterocyclylalkyl; Z.sup.1 is --N(R.sup.7)--; and Z.sup.2 is --O--. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the compound is: ##STR00237## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein: (1) the HIV protease inhibiting compounds are selected from the group consisting of amprenavir, atazanavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, brecanavir, darunavir, TMC-126, TMC-114, mozenavir (DMP-450), JE-2147 (AG1776), L-756423, 800334649, KNI-272, DPC-681, DPC-684, GW640385X, DG17, PPL-100, DG35, and AG 1859; (2) the HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of capravirine, emivirine, delaviridine, efavirenz, nevirapine, (+) calanolide A, etravirine, GW5634, DPC-083, DPC-961, DPC-963, MIV-150, and TMC-120, TMC-278 (rilpivirene), efavirenz, BILR 355 BS, VRX 840773, UK-453061, and RDEA806; (3) the HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of zidovudine, emtricitabine, didanosine, stavudine, zalcitabine, lamivudine, abacavir, amdoxovir, elvucitabine, alovudine, MIV-210, .+-.-FTC, D-d4FC, emtricitabine, phosphazide, fozivudine tidoxil, apricitibine (AVX754), amdoxovir, KP-1461, and fosalvudine tidoxil (formerly HDP 99.0003); (4) the HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of tenofovir and adefovir; (5) the HIV integrase inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of curcumin, chicoric acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, tyrphostin, quercetin, S-1360, AR-177, L-870812, and L-870810, MK-0518 (raltegravir), BMS-538158, GSK364735C, BMS-707035, MK-2048, and BA 011; (6) the gp41 inhibitor are selected from the group consisting of enfuvirtide, sifuvirtide, FB006M, and TRI-1144; (7) the CXCR4 inhibitor is AMD-070; (8) the entry inhibitor is SP01A; (9) the gp120 inhibitor is BMS-488043; (10) the G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitor is immunitin; (11) the CCR5 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of aplaviroc, vicriviroc, maraviroc, PRO-140, INCB 15050, PF-232798 (Pfizer), and CCR5 mAb004; (12) the other drugs for treating HIV are selected from the group consisting of BAS-100, SPI-452, REP 9, SP-01A, TNX-355, DES6, ODN-93, ODN-112, VGV-1, PA-457 (bevirimat), HRG214, VGX-410, KD-247, AMZ 0026, CYT 99007A-221 HIV, DEBIO-025, BAY 50-4798, MDX010 (ipilimumab), PBS119, ALG 889, and PA-1050040 (PA-040). 17. A method for treating an HCV infection comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount a compound of formula IID, ##STR00238## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, L.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O.sub.2)--, --N(R.sup.7)--C(O)--, and --O--C(O)--; each L.sup.3 is independently a covalent bond, alkylene, or substituted alkylene; each L.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, alkylene, substituted alkylene, --O--, --CH.sub.2--O--, and --NH--; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl, with the proviso that when A is H, p is 0; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently --O-- or --N(R.sup.7)--; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl; each Ar is independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, arylalkyl, and substituted arylalkyl; R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, substituted arylheteroalkyl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, substituted heterocyclylalkyl, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)--OH, -alkylene-C(O)--Oalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)amino, and -alkylene-C(O)-alkyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, and heteroalkyl; each R.sup.7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, carbocyclyl, substituted carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, and substituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, halogen, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl, and --CN; and each p is independently 0 or 1, in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of interferons, ribavirin, taribavirin, NS3 protease inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors, hepatoprotectants, non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV, other drugs for treating HCV, and mixtures thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein: L.sup.1 is --C(R.sup.6).sub.2--; each L.sup.3 is alkylene; each A is aryl or substituted aryl; X and Y are each heterocyclylalkyl; Z.sup.1 is --N(R.sup.7)--; and Z.sup.2 is --O--. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the compound is: ##STR00239## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein: (1) the interferons are selected from the group consisting of pegylated rIFN-alpha 2b, pegylated rIFN-alpha 2a, rIFN-alpha 2b, rIFN-alpha 2a, consensus IFN alpha (infergen), feron, reaferon, intermax alpha, r-IFN-beta, infergen actimmune, IFN-omega with DUROS, locteron, Rebif, oral interferon alpha, IFNalpha-2b XL, AVI-005, and Pegylated IFN-beta; (2) the NS5b polymerase inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of NM-283, valopicitabine, R1626, PSI-6130 (R1656), HCV-796, BILB 1941, XTL-2125, MK-0608, NM-107, R7128 (R4048), VCH-759, PF-868554, and GSK625433; (3) the NS3 protease inhibitor are selected from the group consisting of SCH-503034 (SCH-7), VX-950 (telaprevir), BILN-2065, BMS-605339, and ITMN-191; (4) the alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of MX-3253 (celgosivir) and UT-231B; (5) the hepatoprotectants are selected from the group consisting of IDN-6556, ME 3738, and LB-84451; (6) the non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV are selected from the group consisting of A-831, and A-689; and (7) the other drugs for treating HCV are selected from the group consisting of zadaxin, nitazoxanide, BIVN-401, PYN-17, KPE02003002, CPG-10101, KRN-7000, GI-5005, ANA-975, XTL-6865, ANA 971, NOV-205, EHC-18, NIM811, DEBIO-025, VGX-410C, EMZ-702, AVI 4065, Bavituximab, Oglufanide, and VX-497 (merimepodib).

Details for Patent 8,383,655

Applicant	Tradename	Biologic Ingredient	Dosage Form	BLA	Approval Date	Patent No.	Expiredate
Kadmon Pharmaceuticals Llc	INFERGEN	interferon alfacon-1	Injection	103663	10/06/1997		2026-07-07
Emd Serono, Inc.	REBIF	interferon beta-1a	Injection	103780	03/07/2002		2026-07-07
Emd Serono, Inc.	REBIF	interferon beta-1a	Injection	103780	12/17/2004		2026-07-07